Aluminium eliphucuziwe ngezandla zabo: kanjani, amathuluzi, amadivayisi

Aluminium kuyinto metal kuqhathaniswa esithambile. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo kuwo ekugcineni ilahlekelwa ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, phezu zibukeka ezigugile, le oxides, umkhiqizo buphela. Uma ufuna ukunikeza izinto ezindala uhlobo olusha lwesitshalo, kufanele kube aluminium ophucuziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, eyodwa yezindlela ezilandelayo ingasetshenziswa:

• electropolishing;
• chemical ezipholisha;
• etching zokuhlobisa.

izindlela aluminium ezipholisha: imithi

Lokhu ubuchwepheshe imvelo, elula futhi angabacwasi ngokushesha. Kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele, ngensimbi acid nemithi, okuyinto iyoba isisekelo okugeza ezipholisha. Uma yobuningi bomsebenzi incane, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa crucibles ezenziwe ngobumba. Gilazi ligcwele isixazululo acid:

• sulfuric;
• nitric;
• Wali band.

Imikhiqizo zehliswa ku ikhambi ashisayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele isukela 90 kuye ku-120 ° C, ukubaluleka kokugcina kuzoncika emabangeni aluminium. Ukudalulwa aluminium Ukwakheka kumele abe phakathi imizuzwana noma imizuzu engu-30, ukuphinda isinyathelo ukuze mayelana 6 izikhathi. Phakathi izingxenye bahlanza, futhi isidingo sabo njalo Shake.

aluminium ophucuziwe amakhemikhali kungcono uma zisetshenziswa isigubhu ujikelezisa velocity. Ngemva kokuphothulwa manipulations ezifana phezu uzoxhumana ucwecwe zethusi. Kumele isuswe ngu uhlambulule ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo nge lokushisa aphansi. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe njengezinyoni ezibanjwa isicupho. Ngo esigabeni esilandelayo umkhiqizo kusetshenzwe amaphesenti 30 nitric acid.

izincomo engeziwe phezu imisebenzi

Aluminium wokucwebezelisa kungenzeka ofezwa izixazululo ane-alikhali:

• phosphate trisodium;
• sodium nitrate;
• soda caustic;
• sodium nitrate.

lokushisa yabo kumele ibe phezulu njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne-esidi, umkhawulo kuyinto 120-140 ° C. Imikhiqizo kufanele ukumelana imizuzwana mayelana 5-20. Lapho le ndlela isetshenziswa, ukulahlekelwa kuyoba ulingana aluminium ka mayelana 8 microns inani ungqimba ukushuba.

Ukusetshenziswa electro-

Aluminium wokucwebezelisa kungase kwenziwe ngenye indlela. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthola ubuso acwebezelayo futhi bushelelezi, futhi yokuhlanza isezingeni eliphakeme. Electrolyte imisebenzi enjalo ezimweni eziningi ifa sulfuric futhi wali band acid, nezinye izakhi kuzoncika impahla.

Electrolyte ingafinyelela isicwebezelisi emva kokuqedwa. Ukuze lokushisa inqubo kufanele kube ngaphansana kunjalo ngenhla, umkhawulo lokushisa ilingana kuya kwengu-60 ngo-90 ° C.

Ezipholisha kumele kwenziwe imizuzu 5, kuyilapho kwabantu kwamanje kungenzeka elilingana 10-50 A / dm². Process wokucwebezelisa cathodes kuhilela ukusetshenziswa phambili, kodwa kunezinye Alloys ukuthi ukuhlinzekela ukusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali. Ezipholisha kudinga ukusetshenziswa duralumin ukumiswa, kanye okugeza electrolyte nge polyethylene, phambili noma PTFE ukucubungula. Udinga ukulungiselela i electrolyte ane-alikhali, zingabantu engabizi.

Esikhathini nemingcele inqubo kuzothinta indlela yokwakheka electrolyte, izinga lokushisa umkhawulo zingahluka kusuka 40 kuya ku-95 ° C ngokuphathelene ukuchayeka, kuthatha imizuzu engu-3 kuya 6, kuyilapho kwabantu kwamanje ngesikhathi anode umkhawulo wama 3-20 A / dm². Ukukhetha cathodes, nickel kumelwe kukhethwe.

Izici etching zokuhlobisa

aluminium ezipholisha indlela kungase kube zokuhlobisa. Le nqubo ukhonza njengelungu zenyathi electropolishing. Aluminiyamu agxile ngu anodes umbuso phosphorus-chromium electrolyte. Uma uyikha phezulu le lwezihloko kwakhiwa crystalline iphethini okuyinto ine uhlobo enethiwekhi nesithwathwa kuphela. On induku anode hang out yonke imininingwane, bese ungaqala ukwelashwa. Izikhundla kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi voltage ka 25-30 V ngu voltage ekupheleni evuka ukuba 35-40 V, i anodic kwabantu kwamanje ilingana kumkhawulo 8-12 A / dm², kanti ukushisa ngeke ifane kusuka 50 kuya ku-80 ° C.

Cishe 20 imizuzu kamuva manifest umdvwebo. Uma voltage uzoqala avuke ngokukhululekile, kuthathwa ngokuthi le nqubo kuqedile. Ngemva kokuphela imikhiqizo zokukhwabanisa bahlanza, omisiwe kahle, it is eyenziwa Anodizing phezu kwabo. Aluminium ke obudaywe upende organic.

aluminium Mirrored ingatholakala ngomunye ayebuthaka indlela futhi etching anodic ebizwe iskritom. Ukuze lo mkhiqizo ngaphambi nangemva inqubo is phansi ukufudumeza ukwelashwa isikimu ekhethekile. Ungasebenzisa anodic Etching "Snowball", okuyinto ikuvumela ukudala elikhazimulayo matte ebusweni.

Yini indlela ukusebenzisa kangcono ekhaya

Unama for ezipholisha ingenye njalo kunazo esetshenziswa amathuluzi ekhaya ngoba wokucwebezelisa aluminium. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-izingoma amakhemikhali virulence ezahlukene yaso, siba yingozi kwempilo yabantu. Ezipholisha ingasetshenziswa:

• lokukhuhla;
• ekhuhla emabhulashini;
• lacquer;
• zidwedwe;
• ukuhlanza imikhiqizo uhlobo utshwala.

Lapho ekhetha lokukhuhla kubalulekile ukuba overdo it ne zebhali, * ngokuba kungenjalo ukuthi bekuyoba kumele leli qembu lixolise imihuzuko. Ukuze uthuthukise ukumelana bafake kanye lacquer isicwebezelisi kungcono ukusebenzisa.

Izici ezipholisha electrochemical

ezipholisha electrochemical aluminiyamu sihlinzekela ukuqaliswa umsebenzi parallel amathonya chemical kagesi kanye. Ngokusho ubuchwepheshe ezifana indlela ukhonza njengengxenye electrode anode, ixhunywe ezakhayo DC supply umthombo. Workpiece nge yehliswa nalokho zamanje kumele egxilile kwesigubhu eligcwele electrolyte. Indima yesibili electrode wadalula cathodes zethusi.

Ukusebenzisa umshini wokucwebezelisa

Umshini i ezipholisha kuyindlela elula kakhulu ukungadluliseli the aluminium we isicwebezelisi yasekuqaleni. Ungasebenzisa buff at 1000, okuyinto oswakanyiswe amanzi. Sponge noma indwangu kufanele usetshenziswe kusetshenzwe amanzi ingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuhlanganisiwe wokucwebezelisa umshini 1400 linemibhikisho ngomzuzu. Lapho izinga spray enjalo Niyokuhlakaza emhlabeni 1 m.

aluminium ebusweni kuyoba evuthayo, uketshezi ngeke shabalala. Kufanele uzilungiselele lokuthi kulo mbuthano abazokwaziswa okhandwe ngesando aluminium "iphalishi". Ngakho-ke, njalo ngomzuzu ka umshini kufanele simiswe ukususa isondo ukugaya nge isiponji esimanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi agelezayo. Kuze kube yimanje, ezinye izingcweti zisebenzisa bryzgalku ezivamile.

"Iphalishi" kufanele ahlanze ngisho nangemininingwane. Lustre phandle, uma ngaphezu kwalokho sebenzisa futhi wazizwa. Lesi sigaba ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu. It kuzoncika kuwo 80% umphumela wokugcina. Wazizwa kufanele luhlanganise 10 mm ngaphezu emjikelezweni base kufanele oswakanyiswe, ukuchelela bryzgalku yakhe. Umniningwane oswakanyiswe isiponji emanzi. I unama isetshenziswa ukuze bathuthukise emangelengele, uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza kumele kwenziwe ku workpiece, kunokuba umbuthano.

isiphetho

aluminium iphucuziwe ngezandla zakhe kungaba izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa omunye eziphumelela kakhulu unama. It ayiqukethe ammonia izithasiselo futhi kungaba ngobumnene ukuhlanza into kusuka ekuklwebhekeni futhi maholoholo. Nale isakhiwo kungenzeka ukufeza ngobuhle yasekuqaleni. Isendlalelo zokuzivikela ukunivalela oxidations ukubukeka isikhathi eside.