Aleksandr benua: Biography emfushane futhi lokusungula

Adume umculi Russian Aleksandr Nikolaevich benua (1870-1960) wazalelwa emkhayeni ovelele, lapho ngaphezu waba nezingane eziyisishiyagalombili. Umama Camille Albertovna Benoit (Kavos) kwaba ukubunjwa umculi. Ubaba - umakhi abadumile.

Aleksandr benua, biography (dlala): esakhula

I sasebuntwaneni umculi esizayo owawuse Petersburg. Kube wabhalisa esikoleni eyimfihlo Karl-May, kodwa eyayinamawala ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene asebethweswe iziqu amalungu uhlobo lwe Benoit 25. Lapho beqeda imfundo classical, u-Alexander waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Faculty Petersburg University futhi ngokulinganisa khona emakilasini angu ngesikhathi Academy of Fine Arts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfundi, a Benoit abasha owayevelele njengenceku umbhali kanye umhlaziyi, unezela luvungazele incwadi "Umlando Art European" isahluko ku art Russian. Esikhathini kusuka 1896 kuya 1898 Aleksandr benua wayehlala futhi esebenza e-France. Kufana 'Versailles uchungechunge "zalotshelwa khona.

"World of Art"

Ngo 1898, kanye SP Diaghilev, Aleksandr benua ihlelwe inhlangano "World of Art", esikhiqiza Le ncwadi. Lalihlanganisa enjalo abaculi abaziwayo ezifana Lancer, Diaghilev futhi Bakst. Amalungu inhlangano ihlelwe embukisweni lapho wathatha ingxenye Roerich, Vrubel, Serov, Bilibin, Vasnetsov, Korovin futhi Dobuzhinsky. Nokho, akubona bonke abaculi ovelele sivune "World of Art". Ikakhulukazi, Repin akuyona kakhulu othanda inkampani, futhi Benoit ngokuthi uhhafu izifundiswa, bibliographer futhi ongumphathi weMiqulu Hermitage, nakuba kwathatha ingxenye nemibukiso.

"Izinkathi Russian"

Ngo-1905, u-Aleksandr benua waya eFrance. Lapho, kuhlanganise ngokusuka kuyo, umdanso we-ballet qembu "Izinkathi Russian" womhlaba, eliholwa Diaghilev. Benoit kwaba umqondisi walo kwezobuciko futhi ngo-1911 waba edalwe babé kwenkundla edumile emhlabeni wonke ngokuba opera "Petrushka" by Stravinsky. Futhi bambalwa bayazi ukuthi lomculi hhayi kuphela yakhelwe imikhiqizo kodwa kwasiza ubhala Libretto ngokuba opera.

Buyela Russia

Ngo-1910, umdwebi wanyathelisa "ethi Guide to the Hermitage." Lolu hlobo yayiwumsebenzi owumphumela wawo yomsebenzi wakhe njengomphostoli Umhlaziyi wobuciko. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva Aleksandr benua imali yabo wathenga eCrimea, endaweni Sudak sezwe eyakhelwe cottage, lapho nokuphumula umsebenzi. Okupendiweyo imidwebo eyayenzelwa lapho, atholakala iminyuziyamu eminingi Russian. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, ngemva kokuhamba kwakhe kwakuyovela eFrance, lapho sekumcacela ukuthi Benoit ngeke babuyele, ingobo yomlando lilondolozwe YaseCrimea Indlu Abaculi, nganikelwa ezandleni Russian Museum, futhi izimpahla zabo futhi ifenisha wadayiswa endalini.

Life in Soviet Russia

Ngemva Revolution, ngesiphakamiso Gorky Aleksandr benua, isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi, ngasebenza iKomidi for the Ukuvikelwa Cultural Monuments, ophethe Hermitage, wafike wahlanganyela yokubhalisa yamakhonsathi yeshashalazi eziningi: Mariinsky, Alexandrinsky kanye Bolshoi Drama.

Nokho, ukuthi kwenzekani ezweni Kuyangikhathaza kakhulu ngokuba umculi. Kusukela umbiko A. V Lunacharskogo ku 09/03/1921, ephendula isicelo imfihlo №2244 wasikisela nokuthi asekelwe ushintsho, kodwa kamuva badunyazwa nezinkinga zokuphila futhi wazwakalisa ukunganeliseki amaKhomanisi ukulawula umsebenzi Museum ekuqaleni lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Commissar Landelayo wabhala ukuthi Benoit akuyona umngane uhulumeni omusha, kodwa njengoba umqondisi Hermitage has ngesevisi enhle ukuba isizwe ubuciko. Isifinyezo Lunacharsky kwaba: ezimfanelweni zochwepheshe umculi ibalulekile futhi kufanele avikelwe.

ukuhamba

Isimo kudide uhulumeni omusha ezanquma ukuphila esikhathini esizayo futhi umsebenzi Benoit. "Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro" - ukusebenza okokugcina Leningrad Bolshoi Drama Theatre, ukusihlela kusengaphambili umculi ngaphambi kokuhamba kwakhe kuleli zwe.

Ngo-1926, Lunacharsky Aleksandr benua izincomo biography okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva ugcwele nezenzakalo ezibuhlungu, waya kwelinye ibhizinisi umsebenzi e Grand Opera House eFrance. Ithumela ukuba Paris, Commissar Wayazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi kwenzekani engqondweni yakhe. Benoit wayehamba ngemva komsebenzi ukuze ubuyele emuva lapho isibuyele eRussia, kodwa ekupheleni June 1927 Lunacharsky efika e-Paris. Kusukela iledere yomculi ukuze FF Nortau kulandela ukuthi commissar abantu sika emnxusa ukuba abuyele ezweni lenkaba yawo. Ngo ingxoxo enobungane, wathi yokuntuleka kwezimali kanye netimo tekutsi ukusebenza kwawo engiyalela ukulinda eFrance kuze isimo sishintshe.

Ngakho Benoit angiphindanga ngabuyela eRussia.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Biography Aleksandra benua aqhubeka ebhala izinhlamvu isivele ayekude nasekhaya, kodwa e-Paris sikhathi kwathi iningi labangane bakhe kanye nebangani. Umdwebi waqhubeka esebenza futhi yakhelwe indawo yeshashalazi eminingi, wabhala izincwadi futhi imidwebo. kamuva Basebenza ndawonye nendodana yakhe uNicholas indodakazi Elena. Aleksandr benua wafa Paris ngo-1960, kancane, engakayihlanganisi iminyaka engu engu-90 iminyaka engu-. Washiya msebenzi omkhulukazi, izincwadi kanye Umlando. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe Aleksandr benua, biography kanye lokusungula okuye kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa Russia, wahlala i Patriot oshisekayo futhi bazama ukuwenza isiko ethandwa emhlabeni wonke.

ukuphila Siqu

Aleksandr benua wayeshadile. izingane Ushadile azalelwa: indodakazi uHelen nendodana UNicholas. Bobabili abaculi. Benoit ngo-1924 ngokumenywa National Opera ngathuthela eFrance. Wabe wathuthela e-Italy, lapho iminyaka eminingi (kusukela ngo-1937 kuya ku-1970) kwaba umqondisi ukukhiqizwa iqhaza Milan iScala. Ukwenza ukubhaliswa imikhiqizo, eziningi zazo zenziwa noyise, wasebenza yeshashalazi abaningi abadumile emhlabeni, yakhelwe ukusebenza emithathu ngesizini ku Bolshoi Theatre eMoscow. Elena indodakazi kwesokunxele kusukela Soviet Russia noyise Paris ngo-1926. Yena wayengumbulali umdwebi odumile, futhi imidwebo yakhe emibili atholwe uhulumeni waseFrance. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe abe umfanekiso BF Chaliapin futhi ZE Serebryakova.

Ikhumbule umdwebi odumile, owenza umnikelo omkhulu yaseshashalazini, esungulwe ngamazwe ballet umklomelo elibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngezinye ePeterhof kukhona setfulo esizinikezele kuye uqobo.