Akuzwakali, insimbi yomculo: isithombe, incazelo

Njengezinye amathuluzi symphony orchestra, akuzwakali - insimbi yomculo nangomsindo eliyingqayizivele futhi umlando ezithakazelisayo. Iyilungu egcwele symphony orchestra jazz bands, kodwa injongo ezibanzi kwakungesona njalo - ke kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe eminyaka isicelo emincane futhi ngcono lobuchwepheshe.

umsuka

Kuhunyushwe kusuka Italian futhi French «akuzwakali» - big tube noma ipayipi elikhulu. Igama elithi "Uhlobo" iqala ukuba asetshenziswe Renaissance ekhulwini xv. Zimelela zethusi nge izigcawu, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba wenze ithuluzi lisholo kakhudlwana futhi angasho lutho.

I walowo insimbi yomculo we akuzwakali e ukubhekisela Renaissance kanye Baroque kwaba sakbut. Womabili la magama Sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa amagama amqondo ofanayo, kodwa fixed nokumiselelwa bonke abanye ngemva kwekhulu XVII, igama elithi "Uhlobo".

Timbre kanye nencazelo

Kanjani akuzwakali? insimbi yomculo, incazelo engatholwa kakade ekhulwini xv, kushintshile njengoba ngaleso sikhathi akuyona kakhulu. Kuyinto double tube izimisele nge esiteji ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Qeda lingena Isigaxa. tube obuphelele - amamitha amathathu, ububanzi -. 1.5 cm isibopho sokuba bonke igcine isetshenziswa - the akuzwakali inkulu, endishini oyindilinga.

Esikhathini zomculo isithombe ithuluzi akuzwakali ivelele. Ngokungafani nezinye izinsimbi ngethusi, le akuzwakali lobuchwepheshe ngaphezulu, ivumela ushintsho bushelelezi kusuka inothi uqaphele, ukwenza chromatique futhi glissando.

Hlukanisa i-soprano, Alto, tenor, bass, contrabass ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu Tenor akuzwakali.

Wensimbi Range - G (usawoti) kontroktavy ukuba F (F) ka enothini yesibili.

izwi lakhe - ongaphakeme, elikhulu futhi isikhathi eside, ezahlukene-ukuzwakala okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane. Phezulu kukhona ngamazwi acwebezelayo futhi elikhanyayo, ezansi - the belusizi futhi esongelayo. Ngenxa izimfanelo zalo timbral we akuzwakali baba insimbi yomculo, a Solo omethembayo nemisebenzi ephelele.

Mshini zokukhiqiza umsindo

Bright, zikhanga umsindo akuzwakali futhi amakhono ayo lobuchwepheshe ngenxa isakhiwo yayo. Ngokungafani nezinye zethusi, akuzwakali unendlela yokuxhuma - i side ucezu ezimise U-ukuthi kuyingxenye ethile yomculo. Uhlobo ngokusebenzisa ke ozuza ezengeziwe amakhono obuchwepheshe - ithuthukisa ububanzi umsindo kwenza kube lula ukuba umbukiso kusuka inothi uqaphele (glissando).

-Daylight boncenyekune futhi Angaba yizingxenye ngokusebenzisa kvartventilya futhi enjalo kvintventilya amafomu kungenzeka bebengekho e akuzwakali mlando.

Njenganoma nezinye izinsimbi ngethusi, thulisa (ukuthulisa) ingasetshenziswa ukusebenza kohlelo akuzwakali.

Echoes waseBhayibhelini

Ukukhuluma amapayipi amakhulu zahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi zitholakala imibhalo yasendulo. trump Uyisitha ephelezelwa izenzakalo eziphawulekayo nezingelosi ishicilelwe kanye eziyinhloko. Abacwaningi imibhalo waseBhayibhelini nomculo kwaleyo nkathi babekholelwa ukuthi leli thuluzi - hatsotsra - umoya lasendulo, ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza icilongo yesimanje futhi akuzwakali, kodwa akukho amaphiko. Noma kunjalo, umsindo akuzwakali emisebenzini eminingi is izwi likaNkulunkulu, ekuqaleni isignali Lokwahlulela.

antecedents zomlando

Idokhumentari izinkomba Rocker insimbi yomculo wathola kakade eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Isidor futhi Virgil abonisa tube ekhethekile ngokuhambisa (Tuba ductills), lapho umsindo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isikhundla ezithathekayo ingxenye. It is eyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi kumbiwa ESonto LamaRoma yasePompeii ekhulwini XVIII, trombones ezimbili, kodwa iminonjana le miphumela zifana yetinsita kuka a fait accompli atholakele.

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi trombones lasendulo babengene hhayi inganekwane, kodwa ngendlela abukeka ngayo futhi umsindo Akekho owaziyo.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala esemthethweni akuzwakali futhi izithombe ezihlobene ngekhulu xv. Ngalesi sikhathi akukho olulodwa igama ithuluzi: sakbut (uFata «sacquer» - ukuhudula «bouter» - push.), Posaunen (Eng.), Tuba ductili okukhulunywa kanye akuzwakali (Italy.). bangabaphingi bonke Cishe ngokulinganayo okutholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Ukuthandwa akuzwakali ekhulwini xv, siphakeme ngokwanele - isetshenziswa ezinkonzweni zesonto babe yingxenye ensembles wokuziphilisa futhi ithuluzi uwedwa. It is uvunyelwe isicelo yemikhosi civil onesizotha futhi empini.

Ukuhlanganisa isiko zomculo

Lapho kwazalelwa khona insimbi yomculo we akuzwakali ubhekwa eJalimane noma Italy. Lapha wahlala amakhosi lokuqala, silwenza trombones zesiliva emagcekeni asebukhosini.

Ngo XVII-XVIII eminyaka. akuzwakali sasihlotshaniswa umculo esidlule. Ukuhlala eqenjini lomculo futhi ithuluzi uwedwa, yena umi wedwa futhi hhayi kufakwe izingoma zomculo. Lokhu akuvimbeli bomculo eziningi ukudala imisebenzi ngenxa yomculo.

Ezimweni eziningi, isicelo eyinhloko izwi akuzwakali kwaba umculo esontweni lapho awakholelwa ephelezelwa noma ukucula amazwi ukusetshenziselwa lokhu irejista okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Classical Symphony Orchestra, wadala ngekhulu XVIII kaJ uHaydn, akazange zihlanganisa akuzwakali. Ngokusobala, leli thuluzi kwezwakala ukuba uyisidala futhi kanye neso-ekubambeni ku harmonic umsindo Tutti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi akuyona sesivuthiwe ngcono akhe obuchwepheshe.

Ngo ekhethekile izimo akuzwakali, nokho, wasebenzisa yemidlalo umculo. Umsindo wayo iye yazuza luhlaza okukhulu opera ka Gluck, futhi V A. Motsart umnikeza indima nezikulu esabekayo emazweni opera "Don Giovanni" futhi "Requiem".

Uhlobo in the lomculo wezinsimbi

Isingeniso akuzwakali njengoba insimbi yomculo e iqembu elikhulu lomculo wezinsimbi kwaba kuphela ekuqa- XVIII-XIX eminyaka. kusukela L. V Bethovena. Berlioz okokuqala wamphathisa imininingwane solo iqhaza umculo Symphonic, zimise ke njengendlela ithoni yizicukuthwane futhi ibe nesizotha. Engxenyeni yesimanje ye-orchestra isetshenziswa, ngokuvamile trombones ezimbili noma ezintathu (ezimbili Tenor nebhesi). Wezinsimbi Wagner, P. I. Chaykovskogo, Mahler, uBrahms engacabangeki ngaphandle sonorous ithoni akuzwakali futhi lamasosha, lapho izwi lakhe lihlotshaniswa amabutho elibi kakhulu futhi esongelayo.

I Symphonic umculo P. I. Chaykovskogo umsindo akuzwakali elifanekisela izithombe Rock, Providence. Ngo Wagner akuzwakali, kanye nezinye zethusi lifanekisela amandla amandla engenakuphikiswa, Rock izithombe. Ezinkulu R. Wagner asetjenziswako ukuveza uthando isosha esihlatshelelwayo ( "Tristan futhi Isolde"). Le course engavamile semantic kwaqhubeka esikhathini umculo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Ngentshiseko enkulu ngo the akuzwakali ekhulwini XIX, cishe uvinjelwe kwaba ukusetshenziswa glissando, okuyinto isetjentiswe kuphela zabuna kwekhulu lamashumi amabili - A. Schoenberg futhi Glazunov.

Akuzwakali e jazz

Jazz akuzwakali - indima entsha insimbi yomculo. It luqala ngenkathi Dixieland - omunye ukunyakaza wokuqala we-jazz. Lapha, ithuluzi okokuqala hlonishwa njengomphakathi aqamba uwedwa, ukudala countermelody nangekhono emshaya. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke jazz trombonists - Glen Miller, Inganekwane Imvukuzane, Edward Kid Ory, wadala isitayela yabo play. Eyodwa yezindlela eziyisisekelo - okuqhamile inhlanganisela amanothi ngabanye futhi isici glissando akuzwakali. Lwenza umsindo eziyingqayizivele Dixieland 20s. kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngenxa a trombonist jazz, i-jazz isitayela elihlobene ne zomculo ezifuthwayo.

Akuzwakali imisindo umculo Latin American - kwathiwa kugqugquzelwa babuka jazz ensembles, okwakuwuphawu ithuluzi akuzwakali uwedwa.

amathuba Wanamuhla akuzwakali enemisebenzi - ukwenza umculo we-classic umsindo jazz, idwala, nezinye izitayela nelayelo. Ukusetshenziswa leli thuluzi isiba creative kuhle futhi kuyathakazelisa, endaweni trombonist le-orchestra noma Ensemble - zonke ephumelela kangcono.