Yiziphi umsindo wenkulumo? Ulubizela igatsha wesayensi yezilimi ukuthi etadisha umsindo wenkulumo?

Awezolimi enezinto eziningi izigaba ezahlukene. Ngamunye wabo lunikezelwe ekutadisheni ezingeni ngolimi oluthile. Omunye base, okuyizinto kokubili esikoleni enyuvesi Faculty of kolimi, a amafonethiki ukuthi etadisha umsindo wenkulumo.

idijithi kanambambili

Ifonetikisi - esigabeni eziyisisekelo wesayensi philological, ukutadisha isakhiwo umsindo ulimi. Lesigaba sichaza:

1. Umsindo, ngezigaba kanye umsebenzi wabo.
2. Izinhlamvu zamagama kanye ngezigaba zabo.
3. Ukugcizelela.
4. amazwi yokubhalisa buviyoviyo.
5. imisindo yenkulumo - kuba iyunithi kulencane indivisible kolimi. Umsindo ifomu amaqoqo ezakha amagama.

Amaforamu amafonethiki

Ngo amafonethiki classical kukhona izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. I umsindo wenkulumo. Yena uyazinaka nezici zabo ezingokomzimba inkulumo.
2. I zomzimba wenkulumo, ukutadisha umsebenzi ukuhambisana izitho lapho othi imisindo.
3. Phonology - igatsha wesayensi yezilimi ukuthi izifundo yokukhuluma njengoba wokuxhumana umsindo futhi ukusebenza kwawo.

Yima izindawo futhi eduze wesayensi yezilimi:

1. Orthoepy ukutadisha imithetho yokubiza.
2. Isipelingi, lapho abafundi bafunde amazwi isipelingi.
3. Graphics - kwesigaba, ucabangela indlela yokwakheka yokubhala isiRashiya. Linikeza imininingwane ubudlelwano phakathi imisindo nenkanuko edlulele zabo phezu incwadi, umlando zamagama.

ngezigaba

Hlukanisa inkulumo imisindo onkamisa nongwaqa.

Lapho ukuphimisela onkamisa iyaphuma emoyeni ekusakazeni sihamba ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa nezitho zokukhuluma, ngaphandle kokuhlangana izithiyo. Ngenxa yalokho, ongwaqa ekubunjweni, kunalokho, emoyeni ngamakhala ihlangabezana isithiyo, ezakhiwe sokuvalwa ephelele noma olungaphelele nezitho zokukhuluma okuyinto.

Ngolimi zethu 6 unkamisa imisindo 21 ungwaqa namuhla. Phawula futhi ukuthi laba onkamisa kukhona unstressed noma ukushaqeka ongwaqa zihlukaniswe kanzima futhi ezithambile.

Izimfanelo acoustic imisindo

Zonke imisindo yenkulumo anezici acoustic. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphakama. Ubonakaliswa Hz / umzuzwana. Ayanda ukubaluleka, ngcono umsindo.
• Amandla ukuziyisa phambili okuyinto incike amplitude kunyakaza we yezwi. Ayephila e-decibel angu.
• Timbre incike iphimbo kanye olwalusikisela.
• Ubude besikhathi kukalwa nesikhathi edingekayo for khuluma njalo umsindo. Lesi sici kuhlobene izinga yokukhuluma.

izimpawu ukuhambisana

Ukuze ongwaqa ezine eziyinhloko ukuhambisana sici:

1. Isilinganiso umsindo namazwi (sonants ukukhala ezinomsindo, abayizithulu ezinomsindo).
2. Ngendlela ukuhambisana: occlusives (blasting, affricates, occlusive), igebe we-gap occlusive (side, kunyakaze).
3. Ngu emizimbeni ayehilelekile kumiswa umsindo: labial (bilabial, labio-amazinyo) futhi lingual (apicals, sredneyazychnye, velar).
4. Ngokusho izidumbu yokwenziwa abathintekayo kulo ukuhambisana ka: yamazinyo, alveolar, palatal, velar.

izimpawu ukuhambisana

Ngesikhathi onkamisa kukhona zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Inombolo - incike kulokho ingxenye ulimi phakathi yokubiza likhuphuka umsindo. Ukwabela phambi, maphakathi nomugqa emuva.
• Lifting - ekutheni yimalini ophakamayo ngemuva ulimi yokubiza. Ngokuvamile phakeme, phakathi noma lift ongaphakeme.
• Labialization libhekene iqhaza sezindebe e yokubiza umsindo. Ukwabela onkamisa labialized futhi nelabializovannye.

uhlamvu

Ukutadisha amafonethiki inkulumo imisindo kanye amaqoqo ezinhlamvu.

Uhlamvu - esiphansi iyunithi semantic. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume izwi sehlukaniswe amaqoqo kumiwe. ukuphimisela iqoqo ngalinye lezinhlamvu siqukethe umsindo preformative, ngokuvamile unkamisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amaphathenti umsindo non-syllabic, ngokuvamile onkamisa.

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo amaqoqo:

1. Vula ukuthi unkamisa souse.
2. Ivaliwe, ophela nemisebenti yekwakha emagama.
3. Ehlanganisiwe - kuthathela ungwaqa.
4. Naked - ke iqala unkamisa.

nokugqamisa

Ukucindezeleka - ukukhethwa izwi e kwenye yezingxenye - ilunga. buviyoviyo Ikhishwe. Umsindo noma ilunga okungukuthi ukushaqeka isikhundla, wamemezela ngamandla enkulu nokunemba.

Hlola ngokunemba ukucindezeleka NGAMAFUPHI nje, ungasebenzisa ukuphimisela isichazamazwi.

ukuhlaziywa ifonotiki

Ukutadisha imisindo yenkulumo abafundi nabafundi baqinise ulwazi lwabo ngosizo ukuhlaziywa ifonotiki yamagama. Wenza ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Ibhalwe izwi ngokuvumelana nezimiso isipelingi.
2. Igama uhlukaniswe amaqoqo ezinhlamvu.
3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, string izwi umbhalo eqoshiwe kubakaki.
4. Ukuze ungagxili e izwi.
5. Yonke imisindo ezilotshwe umbhalo zibhaliwe ikholomu. Phambi ngamunye babo ukuhambisana zezici zalo ebhaliwe.
6. It bacabanga ngezinto eziningi izinhlamvu umsindo egameni kanye nasemkhatsini ubhala amanani okuholela.
7. Kukholakala inani amaqoqo enikezwa incazelo yabo emfushane.

Ukutadisha esikoleni

Ujwayele amafonethiki iqala ibanga lokuqala. Khona-ke abantwana ziyofundiswa ukuhlukanisa phakathi onkamisa nongwaqa, ucindezelekile futhi onkamisa unstressed, amaqoqo kubhekwe. Esikhathini Ebangeni lesithathu Ngaqala more ngokujulile ujwayele umsindo wenkulumo. Izingane kunikeza incazelo emfushane ukuhambisana imisindo, bejwayelana ongwaqa onzima ezithambile, funda kahle ukwenza ukuhlaziywa ifonotiki yamagama.

Oweshumi ekilasini ulwazi systematized bese uphinda ngaphambilini etholwe. Uma kukhona emthambekeni iphrofayela ukufunda ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ulwazi amafonethiki uthisha lwajula ngokuvumelana uhlelo ngaphambilini athuthukile.

Ukutadisha eNyuvesi

Kwethulwa abafundi-Philologists amafonethiki iqala onyakeni wokuqala enyuvesi and ihlala ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa noma ezimbili izinyanga. Kulokhu, omunye semester Sizokwenza ekutadisheni amafonethiki, okungukuthi, umsindo futhi izitho zomzimba wenkulumo, kwesibili - phonology. Kuwo wonke, abafundi baziswa izindlela ezingafani ezisetshenziswa ekuhloleni imisindo phonemes, funda ukunikeza umsindo isici ukwenza ukuhlaziywa ifonotiki. Ngemva kokuqeda le nkambo kokuxilongwa.

Esikhathini esizayo, lolu lwazi kuyoba usizo ekutadisheni sigodzi, ihluzo nelupelomagama orthoepy.

okutholakele

Inkulumo umsindo - ke incane amayunithi ngokolimi, wafunda e yezilimi. Yabo cwaningo abathintekayo isayensi nemisindo yamagama. Ukujwayeleka imisindvo iqala ebangeni lokuqala nge ukufunda izisekelo. Ulwazi amafonethiki - ngesisekelo inkulumo efanele, isipelingi mpilo esintu.