Yikuphi amagatsha zihlukaniswe Slavic abantu? abantu basendulo nabanamuhla Slavic

LwamaSlav namuhla - kuba yomphakathi omkhulu Ethno-namalimi Europe. Bona bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu futhi inabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-300-350. Kulesi sihloko sizobe sesibheka ukuthi amagatsha zihlukaniswe abantu Slavic, ake sixoxe umlando kumiswa yabo nokuhlala ngokwahlukana. Futhi touch kancane esiteji samanje ukusabalala Slavic isiko nezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo, okuyinto banamathela izizwe ngokuhamba zentuthuko yawo kanye nokwakheka kwamanye ingaphazamiseki.

Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma Lokudabuka

Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi amagatsha zihlukaniswe izizwe Slavic. Kodwa manje ukuqonda ukuthi, kusukela lapho leli qembu yobuhlanga.

Ngakho, ngokuvumelana mlando ephakathi, abantu bethu bavela kukhokho oyedwa. Kwakumelwe noJafete, indodana kaNowa. Lesi sibalo, ngokuvumelana zemihla ngemihla, wanikela ngokuphila ezizweni ezifana amaMede, le Sarmatians, amaSkithe Thracians, Illyrians, lwamaSlav, British nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu.

Ama-Arabhu wayazi lwamaSlav, njengoba ingxenye yomphakathi sezizwe entshonalanga, ezazihlanganisa abaseTurkey, Ugric futhi amaSlav e-Eastern Europe. amarekhodi abo ezempi, izazi-mlando ukuhlobanisa le nhlanganisela ngegama elithi "Sakaliba". Kamuva sabizwa ngokuthi kusukela WaseByzantium ibutho ababehlubukele ezathatha Islam.

AmaGreki asendulo futhi amaRoma ayembiza lwamaSlav "sklaviny" bakuhlobanise sezizwe zakwa umSkithe - Scoloti. Ngezinye izikhathi bebambisana ethnonyms Wends futhi amaSlav.

Ngakho amagatsha amathathu izizwe Slavic, phezu kwengungu oboniswe ngezansi, sinokhokho oyedwa. Kodwa kamuva ukuthuthukiswa yabo diverged kakhulu ngenxa indawo enkulu emjondolo ithonya namasiko angomakhelwane nezinkolelo.

Yilokhu sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

Umlando zokuhlala

Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi sizokufunda iyakuphumelela ngokuhlukile iqembu izizwe ngamunye, kodwa manje kuzomele uqonde ukuthi ngasiphi legatsha ezizwe Slavic zihlukaniswe nokuthi inqubo Izindawo.
Ngakho, ngokokuqala ngqa ngalezi izizwe esashiwo uTacitus noPliny Omdala. Lezi mlando ezithile zamaRoma amarekhodi abo wakhuluma Wends abahlala ezindaweni aseBaltic. Ngokusho kwesikhathi lempilo abaqavile emphakathini, lwamaSlav esase sikhona kakade yesibili AD leminyaka.

Ukulandela, owakhuluma kulezi zizwe esifanayo babe Prokopiy Kesariysky , futhi Priscus, umbhali zaseByzantium isazi. Kodwa ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu, ezihlobene doletopisnomu isikhathi ayatholakala kusukela mlando Gothic Jordan.

Uyabika ukuthi Sklave - i isizwe esizimele, okuyinto wayehlukile Veneto. Kulezi zindawo elisenyakatho yoMfula Vistula (eWisła yesimanje) ukhuluma "Uyisizwe esinabantu abaningi Veneti", okuyinto zihlukaniswe Antes futhi sklavenov. Eyokuqala babehlala eduze kwe-Euxine ePhontu (Black Sea) kusuka Danastra (Dniester) ukuze Danapra (Dnipro). Sklave is uhlalwe Noviodunum (Iskach idolobha eDanube) ukuze Danastra futhi Vistula enyakatho.

Ngakho, ekhulwini lesithupha AD leminyaka, amadlozi lwamaSlav - Sklave kakade waphila amazwe Vistula kanye Dniester ukuze iDanube. Kamuva mlando ezihlukahlukeneko kuzokuletha sibala endaweni ebanzi kakhulu zokuhlala kulezi zizwe. Ligcwale phansi naseYurophu eMaphakathi neseMpumalanga.

esehlukanisa kanjani namagatsha amathathu othi abantu Slavic? Isikimu, okuyinto thina ocashunwe ngenhla, ubonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza enyakatho, naseningizimu nasempumalanga.

Ekuqaleni, imindeni ngalapho Omnyama futhi Baltic iziLwandle. Vele le nkathi futhi kuchazwe mlando Gothic Jordan. Okulandelayo kula mazwe ihlaselwe Avars uluhlukanise endaweni izizwe olulodwa ngaphandle.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amabili (kusukela ngekhulu lesithupha kuya lwesishiyagalombili) bona bahlala yasehlanzeni empumalanga ye-Alps futhi awela kuhanjiswa umbusi uJustinian II. Siyakwati loku kusukela izinkomba encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, okubhekisele umkhankaso kwezinhloko zamaviyo WaseByzantium-Arabhu. Njengengxenye balelo butho nezinye sklaviny okubhekiselwe.

Ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili, lezi zizwe zama ukufinyelela iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan eningizimu enyakatho yeChibi Ladoga.

South lwamaSlav

AmaSlav entshonalanga naseningizimu, njengoba sibona, kwamiswa ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Ekuqaleni a nhlanganisela zezizwe ahlukaniswe Antes, ayeyile empumalanga, ohlangothini kweBlack Sea Dnieper. Kuphela ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili, lesisizwe zaqala iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan.

Inqubo kanje. Kwezinye izizwe eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Slavic wathutha beyofuna indzawo lenhle kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga maqondana Adriatic Sea.

Izazi-mlando ukuhlukanisa amaqembu elandelayo kulokhu kuthuthwa: Obodrits (e zemihla European eyaziwa ngokuthi predenitsenty) Severtsev (ukuxhumana northerners), amaSerbia, eCroatia nabanye. Empeleni, kungcono izizwe ukuthi babehlala eduze kwe-inkambo elingaseMfuleni iDanube.

Ngakho, Slavic lasendulo abantu baye baba ithonya elinamandla ukuthi kufakwe leli qembu elincane lakulesi yezakhamuzi zendawo kanye kamuva emazweni aseBalkan futhi Adriatic Sea ukusungula esimweni.

Kodwa inhlangano eningizimu-ntshonalanga kwakukhona umkhankaso yesikhathi esisodwa. ukulethwa abahlukahlukene lisuswe kusuka Isivinini yayo hhayi ngempela siye ohlangothini olufanayo. Ngakho, abacwaningi ezikhonjwe amaqembu amathathu, okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi ukuthuthelwa enyakatho-ntshonalanga (kuwo esikhathini esizayo kwakheka Slovenes), empumalanga (the baseBulgaria yesimanje kanye kwabaseMakedoniya) nezisentshonalanga (eCroatia namaSerbia).

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga

Amadlozi ezivamile izizwe Slavic, okuyinto ngisho amaRoma ayewazi wends ekuqaleni owakhiwe kanjani amazwe Poland yesimanje futhi ngokwengxenye eJalimane. Kamuva kule nsimu kumiswa iqembu elikhulu izizwe.

Lalihlanganisa ezweni Elbe kuya Oder futhi kusukela Baltic kuya Ore Mountains. Abacwaningi wabe lokhu conglomeration ngamaqembu amathathu ngokuvumelana izindawo zokuhlala.

izizwe Northwest nabizelwa bodrichi (reregi futhi Obodrits), South - Sorbs (Lihlanganisa ingxenye Serbia) futhi iqembu central - lutici (noma Veleta). izizwe ezintathu okukhulunywe babedabuka imifelandawonye lempi nezezizwe. Ngezinye izikhathi eceleni athi mayelana nomphakathi lesine. Amalungu ayo bazibize Pomerania futhi wahlala ogwini aseBaltic.

Kancane kancane, ngenxa yokufuduka le Polabian lwamaSlav emazweni lutho kwakhiwa Polish, Silesian, Czech, nezizwe pomoryanskie lehitskie.

Ngakho, lwamaSlav entshonalanga naseningizimu kuhluke ukuthi zakuqala ekuqaleni zendabuko kulezi zindawo, futhi kwafika yesibili kusukela eDanube kuya ogwini lwe-Adriatic.

East lwamaSlav

Ngokusho zemihla western European, umsebenzi mlando ka ngaphansi koMbuso WaseRoma nemisebenzi WaseByzantium, ensimini ka-Eastern lwamaSlav njalo kuhlobene nezinga izinhlangano tribal Antes.

Njengoba sazi kusukela ubufakazi yesazi-mlando Gothic Jordan, bahlala empumalanga elizweni lweziNtaba ZaseCarpathian. Futhi baseByzantium uthi Izindawo endaweni safinyelela ogwini Dnieper.

Imiphumela yemivubukulo ziyavumelana nalo mbono. Kusukela yesibili yesine AD ngekhulu phakathi Dnieper futhi Dniester kukhona okuthiwa Chernyakhovskaya isiko.

Kamuva salandelwa Penkovskaya umphakathi bemivubukulo. Phakathi lezi amasiko Kunegebe phakathi namakhulu amabili eminyaka, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi igebe ezifana kubangelwa nokwenziwa kwezinye izizwe nabanye.

Ngakho, umsuka abantu Slavic kwaba ngumphumela kumiswa eyiqiniso kwemiphakathi emikhulu eziningana izinhlangano ezincane zamaKhosi. Kamuva mlando ka Kievan Rus sizonikeza amagama ala maqembu: ukuhlanzwa drevlyans, Dregovichi, vyatichi nezinye izizwe.

Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla ubudala isiRashiya, ngoba amaqembu inhlanganisela nanhlanu empumalanga Slavic kwakhiwa namandla njengoba enamandla medieval njengoba Kiev Russ.

Isimo samanje

Ngakho, siyobe baxoxe nawe ngalokho amagatsha zihlukaniswe Slavic izizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sakhuluma ngokuthi kwaba kanjani inqubo yokukhokha Izizwe naseningizimu nasempumalanga.

abantu Modern Slavic kukhona ukuhluka okhokho babo oqondile. Lapho zihlanganiswa isiko amathonya yabo mikhondo njengoba amaqembu ezinhlanga angomakhelwane, nabahlaseli eziningi alien.

Ngokwesibonelo, iningi ezifundeni Russian Federation nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine, kanye ingxenye Kievan Rus, namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva babe ngaphansi kwejoka Mongol-Tatar. Ngakho-ke, ngo-imixhantela eminingi zihlanganisa kwemali isuka ezilimini Turkic. Futhi abanye imihlobiso bendabuko amasiko esitolo mikhondo abacindezeli isiko.

South lwamaSlav kakhulu zathonywa amaGreki nabaseTurkey. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni isihloko sizoba ukukhuluma ngezindaba inkolo. Ngaphambili izizwe ezingamaqaba namuhla nabalandela izinkolo ezahlukene izinkolo Abrahama.

Ngokuphelele ukuthi lokho amagatsha zihlukaniswe abantu Slavic, inzalo kungenzeka uyazi, kodwa njengoba umthetho, ngamunye lula ukuba ziqaphele ubukhulu bakhe "nabo Countryman". South lwamaSlav ngokwesiko ezishukiwe futhi lwesigodi bona imigqomo phonemes ethize iyingqayizivele kule ndawo. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane unawe inzalo izinhlangano tribal entshonalanga nasempumalanga.

Ngakho, iziphi namuhla izwe ukuze amagatsha ahlukahlukene we Slavic abantu ekhaya?

Isimo South lwamaSlav

abantu Modern Slavic bazinza izingxenye ezinkulu Eastern futhi eYurophu Ephakathi. Nokho, ezimweni kwembulunga yonke abameleli babo kungatholakala cishe nomaphi emhlabeni. Futhi isici yokucabanga yethu yokuthi ngemva kwesikhashana omakhelwane sebeqala ukuqonda izilimi Slavic. LwamaSlav baye njalo kwakudingeka afune ukuthi ukubandakanya izihambi ukuba nesiko labo, ne kancane self-ukupha e inqubo nokwenziwa.

Ukuze yesimanje Wik lwamaSlav zihlanganisa eSlovenia futhi eMontenegro kwabaseMakedoniya futhi baseBulgaria, eCroatia, lamaBosnia namaSerbia. Abaningi balaba bantu bahlala endaweni siqu uthi yabo kazwelonke, okuhlanganisa Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Macedonia, Slovenia, iMontenegro, iSerbia futhi Croatia.

empeleni Lokho kuyinto Insimu iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan futhi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Adriatic.

LwamaSlav aseNingizimu Namuhla izizwe ngokwethukela yokuhamba kwami umbono omphakathi kulaba bantu, ngokufaka umndeni entsha ye-European Union. Nokho, emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule kuvele umzamo ukwakha izwe ezivamile elinabantu ehlanganisa kuphela South lwamaSlav, kodwa ihlulekile. Ngesinye isikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi isimo eYugoslavia.

Ngaphandle kwe-kazwelonke uthi amalungu yaleli gatsha ezizwe Slavic, ngokuvumelana izibalo ezisemthethweni, eziningi ezimpilweni e-Italy, Hungary, i-Austria, Romania, Turkey, Albania, Greece kanye Moldova.

Izwe lwamaSlav entshonalanga

Njengoba ethnogeny abantu Slavic ikakhulukazi okwenzeka ekuqaleni ensimini ka Poland yesimanje futhi eJalimane, abameleli bezizwe Western cishe akakhishwanga emizini yabo.

Namuhla inzalo yabo bahlala Poland, eJalimane, Czech Republic naseSlovakia. Ngokwesiko, ethnologists kukhona abantu abahlanu, abangamaHimba egatsheni West Slavic. NabasePoland, amaCzech namaRomany, Slovaks, futhi Sorbs Kashubes.

Amaqembu amathathu okuqala yobuhlanga bahlala ikakhulu emazweni amagama ohambelana, futhi ezimbili zokugcina - kwezinye izindawo. Sorbs, okuyinto zihlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingaphezu Wendy lugii futhi sorbitol, bahlale lwalelo chibi. Le ndawo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye engenhla nengezansi, okuyinto zitholakala Saxony futhi Brandenburg, ngokulandelana.

Kashubes futhi baphile ezweni eyaziwa ngokuthi Kashubia. Kuyinto ingxenye yesimanje Polish Yabantu Republic. Inhlokodolobha olungekho emthethweni yalesi sizwe lingumuzi Kartuzy. Futhi, abameleli abaningi lesisizwe itholakala e Gdynia.

Kashubia bazibheke iqembu yobuhlanga, kodwa ukuqaphela ilungelo lokuba izakhamuzi Polish. Phakathi zalo, zihlukaniswe amaqembu ambalwa, kuya bahlalaphi, izici imvunulo yesizwe, imisebenzi kanye umehluko ekilasini. Ngakho, ezinye zazo zingabantu zaboryaki, parchanskaya gentry, gbury, emathaveni, gohi namanye amaqembu.

Ngakho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi iningi labantu entshonalanga Slavic ngangokunokwenzeka amasiko balondolozwa. Nye of them fana namanje Nokho wahlanganyela yezandla bendabuko kanye abathengisa, ngaphezu Luhambo izivakashi.

East Slavic amandla

Insimu yesimanje ye lwamaSlav empumalanga libhekisela amazwe ezifana eRussia, Ukraine kanye Belarus. Namuhla, kula mazwe kungashiwo ukuba esikhathini Crossroads. Ngaphambi zawo sikhethe: ukuhlala izinikele omkhulu endleleni yokuphila evamile, noma bahambe ngendlela abazalwane eningizimu, ukuthatha amagugu Western.

Isimo esisodwa-ezinamandla - ekugcineni Kievan Rus siguqulelwa mazwe amathathu. Kwamiswa emhlabeni umbuso eMoscow eMoscow, futhi ngemva Empire Russian. Kyïv united azungeze izwe izizwe eziningi kusukela Carpathians kuya Don. Futhi Belarus ubumbe emahlathini Polesie. Kususelwa egameni insimu, ingxenye enkulu yezwe uhlalwe inzalo ka Polischuks futhi Pinchuk.

amagatsha Inkolo ezahlukene lwamaSlav

Russian Federation, Ukraine futhi Belarus - endaweni yesimanje esempumalanga lwamaSlav. Lapha iningi labantu kungokwalabo amaKristu obu-Orthodox.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo Ukuhamba sezikhulu ubuqaba kwenzeka ekhulwini leshumi, lapho Kiev Prince uVladimir Veliky ukuthi Rus abhapathizwe. Kodwa ngo-1054 kwaba khona koqhekeko olukhulu ebuKristwini, lapho kwakukhona Orthodox ehlukile futhi enkolweni yamaKatolika. Eastern nezizwana eningizimu-asempumalanga bahlala bethembekile Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople, nasentshonalanga kanye eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye baba Abasekeli iSonto LamaRoma Katolika.

Esikhathini esithile emlandweni, amaqembu athile South lwamaSlav Islam. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emazweni awo babe ngaphansi kwejoka ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ukuze nabo-Turks usukwenzile eziningi ngoba befuna ngibenzele okuthile. Namuhla amaSulumane kukhona Gorani, Bosniaks, Pomaks, futhi inqwaba Torbeshi.

Ngakho, kulesi iphepha siye safunda ethnogenesis ezizwe Slavic, futhi kukhulunywa ngalo division yabo ibe amagatsha amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba baqonde ukuthi amazwe esimanje basonta indawo elalihlala nezizwe zaseningizimu, esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga.