Visual acuity - siyini lesi imithi?

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka overestimate ukubaluleka umbono umuntu. Ngalo, sithola share sengonyama kolwazi ngezinto elisizungezile. Izikhathi eziningana sibhekene isidingo azokuqhubela isifundo of acuity ezibukwayo, kusukela ebuntwaneni zakuqala yokwamukelwa enkulisa futhi esikoleni, futhi idivayisi zokugcina ngomyalo lodokotela bakhe ngomsebenzi futhi ehhovisi wekuhlanganisa noma izincwadi zokushayela.

Ehhovisi kudokotela wezifo zamehlo uhlole iso izici ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi acuity ezibukwayo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi visometry. Indlela kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa amatafula ekhethekile neqoqo uhlamvu olunikezwayo isiguli cabanga ibanga elithile. ERussia wabeka ikambisolawulo 5 amamitha. Kwezokwelapha, acuity ezibukwayo - ikhono ukubona, abuye ahlukanisa phakathi into eduze ezimbili. Kuyinsakavukela kulapho beya nomuntu oyedwa angabona ibanga elingamamitha ambalwa amaphuzu amabili, ne ibanga elibahlukanisile kuyinto 1.45 mm.

engela ezibukwayo

It inquma usayizi sobala lezinto ukuthi sekuseduze njengentfo lehlukile, amaphuzu amabili hhayi tho. Into eyodwa kungabonwa yiwo wonke iso ngezindlela ezahlukene. It kuncike ibanga: i incipha engela yayo umbono ukwanda, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ubukhulu isithombe kuyi-retina. Lokhu uzokutshela ophthalmologist. Ngesikhathi reception, uzobe aphethwe kwencazelo acuity ezibukwayo. Yonke idatha uzorekhodwa irekhodi yezokwelapha.

Ubukhali inquma engela kulencane umbono lapho mhlawumbe namanje eseduze nezinye umbono ngalinye ngokuhlukile. Le ncazelo of kobukhulu yavela eminyakeni 200 edlule. It is lisetshenziswe imithi yesimanje kuze kube manje. Ngokusekelwe iziphetho edonswa usosayensi oyiNgisi Robert kaHooke, itafula we ophthalmologist German Snellen yasungulwa. Doctor of kuyinsakavukela bokuphila okuhambelana 100% umbono, wamukela umbono engela elilingana degree elilodwa.

Snellen ithebula siqukethe imigqa 11. Ngenhla incwadi enkulu enhlokodolobha kumugqa phansi nezinye usayizi liyancipha. Eye izivivinyo kwenziwe at ibanga 6 amamitha. nokucija ibalwa kanje: inani izinyawo ezincwadini - iyona numerator, le zifana - ibanga ukuthi kubhekwa umuntu engcono bakwazi ukufunda izinhlamvu.

Eye izivivinyo for Sivtsev

Ngamunye wethu ukhumbula Sivtseva itafula ehhovisi kudokotela wezifo zamehlo, esetshenziswa ngodokotela Russian. Leli thuluzi elula namanje ethandwa kakhulu. Ithebula Sivtseva - kuyinto imigqa 12 nezincwadi ezinkulu nge Stitch ngayinye elandelayo sinciphile. Sibekezele edilini ubona izinhlamvu kuphela. Eqinisweni etafuleni izincwadi ukwesekwa. Ngokwesibonelo, «D» ngakwesokunxele ikhombisa ibanga kusuka lapho indoda kumelwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi izimpawu. Ukuze eluheleni kuyinto 2.5 metres phezulu - kabili. Ngakwesokudla uhlamvu «V» amanothi acuity ezibukwayo amayunithi ngenkathi ufunda kusuka 5 amamitha:

• kuyinto uhla ebonakalayo ngezansi - 2.0;
• ebonakalayo kuphela irowu engenhla - 0.1;
• njalo umugqa yeshumi iyabonakala bekude 5 amamitha - 1.0 (umbono ovamile).

Visual acuity - isilinganiso ukuthi kungaba ezingaphezu kuka yinto evamile ukukhuluma 1.2 kuya 3.0. Ngaphansi izenzakalo sokugembula, myopia, hyperopia, cataract, astigmatism, ukufiphala kwamehlo nokucija angawa ukuba 0.4 kanye 0.05. Umehluko omkhulu yilona banga lapho umuntu ngokusobala into. Ake sithi, uma acuity ezibukwayo 1.0, ungabona inombolo imoto kusuka 40 metres, nge Inkomba 0.4 - 16 m, kusaba khona, uma kungenjalo izinombolo ne izinhlamvu uhlangane.

Uma acuity ezibukwayo anda ekuphileni kwansuku zonke azuze lesi simanga kancane. Abashayeli ukubona izimpawu zokuqala nezinye izinto, kodwa ikhono kulaba bantu akahlukile labo obona kahle.

Ithebula Orlova

Ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izingane abangakwazi ukufunda. Lapha, esikhundleni izinhlamvu ephrintiwe isithombe. Umgomo we operation kuyafana etafuleni Sivtseva - usayizi irowu incipha downwardly. Uma ingane ayiboni izinhlamvu ukusuka ibanga 5 amamitha, acuity ezibukwayo ngakho iphansi. Kulokhu, lo examinee imenze etafuleni ngezinyawo ezimbili, kuze angasiqamba athini kumugqa ophezulu isithombe kahle. imithetho sokuqinisekisa:

1. Izinga eliphezulu sokukhanyisa (700 lux).
2. Okokuqala wafunda ilihlo langakwesokudla, kwesibili - kwesokunxele.
3. Amehlo musa zazhmurivayutsya bese ufihle ngemuva ichopho.
4. Ngo imigqa 1-3 amaphutha azamukeleki. C 4-6 imigqa - iphutha elilodwa. C 7-10 ezimbili uvunyelwe.
5. On ukubukwa uphawu ivelele hhayi imizuzwana ezingaphezu kwezintathu.

Lula futhi ukusheshisa ezibukwayo acuity optotypes usizo namaphrojektha. Ubukhulu emincane of the symbol kabusha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga esikrinini uhlala ingashintshiwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli kanye Phiko esikrinini at elifanayo.

Ukuze sithole acuity ezibukwayo ezigulini ngisembhedeni itafula ekhethekile ibalwa at ibanga 33 cm kusukela iso. Control lapha ukuqaphela izimpawu wedwa futhi ukufunda khulula umbhalo encane nge uphawu kude lapho kuhlolwa kwenziwa.

Uyini iso futhi kusebenza kanjani?

Visual acuity - lokhu amazing ukusebenzisana kwamehlo, ingqondo kanye nobuchopho. indlela Okubi kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi we grey ndaba, ukuhlinzeka kudluliselwa, ukucubungula ukuhumusha ulwazi engenayo esuka isitho ezibukwayo, ayizange wafunda kuze kube manje. Sikhuluma ngezinto esiyingqayizivele - ukusebenza iso kanye ekufeni. Athuthela ohlangothini, phezulu naphansi, kusinike isithombe esibanzi mayelana esiphezulu.

Qhathanisa iso ukusebenza ngekhamera, asetshenziselwa eziningi, akulona iqiniso. Yebo, isitho ezibukwayo - kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi optical, ehlanganisa i-cornea, lens, umzimba Vitreous futhi umswakama. Nokho, amadivaysi optical nje ukususa isithombe kwi ifilimu, futhi abantu bakubone ukushaya kuyi-retina ulwazi futhi, kusukela lesi senzo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Mayelana amehlo Ziningi ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi awazi:

• Nsuku zonke, amahora angu-12 ngesikhathi eshaywa umuntu echitha imizuzu 25.
• Myopia - isifo Japanese. Kanji izinhlamvu ziqondakala nzima, ngakho-ke uma ukufunda isikhathi eside ukuze ulungise iso ngesikhathi ibangana. It yona le zamehlo.
• Izinsana uqale blink ne-onezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
• Wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni aluhlaza-grey amehlo. ngemva kweminyaka emibili kuphela ithengiswe umbala yangempela.
• 2% kuphela abantu phansi babe amehlo aluhlaza.
• Iphethini esweni iris kubantu, kanye zeminwe, uhlukile. On kungenzeka ukuthi lowo muntu.
• Le ndoda nge 150 ugxeke ekhulwini ngamunye.
• Ngamehlo evulekile ngeke baphendukele thimula.

Indlela elula ukuhlola ukuthi evamile acuity esizibonayo ukubheka isibhakabhaka ebusuku, ukuthola i-Big Dipper. Uma isibambo ebhakedeni eduze inkanyezi isilinganiso bubonakala enye encane, nokucija evamile ngakho. Ngale ndlela, i-ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-Arabhu lasendulo.

Visual Amalungelo acuity: izimpawu

Kukangaki sizwa abashisekela ukuthola isikhathi sokuvakashela kudokotela wezifo zamehlo, lapho amehlo obukhulu, ingasaphathwa isilinganiso ukuze uvikeleke? Nokho, Ukuwohloka kwenzeka kancane kancane. Futhi omunye akusho ukuqaphela zisuka ukuthi acuity ezibukwayo incipha.

Indlela yokwelapha esebenza ngempumelelo kungaba kuphela ngethemba ukuthola ngesikhathi esifanele yokungafaneleki. Izinhlobo ezivamile ukwephulwa yilezi: kude-okwesa- / myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, lolu ngwengwezi. Izimpawu ezisikisela kwehle acuity ezibukwayo, lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Senziwa jamela kanzima izinto babebhekwa kahle ngaphambili. Okubalulekile, ukuthi uye waba yinto yokuhlekwa ukubona sibi - labo eduze noma kwalabo abakude.
2. Ungakwazi ngokucacile ubone isithombe phambi kwakhe futhi ezimbi, uma ikhanda kancane azithathe ukuze ohlangothini. Lokhu kusikisela ziwohloke olungaphelele izinga.
3. Ubuhlungu, ukulunywa, angaphandle umzimba ukuzwa, ukoma, ukushiswa kungenzeka kungahlali izimpawu yokuphazamiseka acuity ezibukwayo, kodwa uvame ukuhambisana nezifo ezimbi esweni futhi bathi overvoltage.

izimbangela sokugembula kuphazamiseka zentuthuko

Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka - yimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni wonke we encishisiwe acuity ezibukwayo. Lokhu ukwephulwa Imininingwane noma olungaphelele obala we-lens, yona itholakala emva iris futhi umfundi. Lapho esemusha, ngokungabi bikho izifo azalwa naso umfundi esobala ngokuphelele futhi nezimo, ludlulele iso zonke imisebe yokukhanya, futhi kweso ligxile ezintweni ezikude naseduze. Njengoba bekhula, lens kuba esinamafu futhi kancane kancane ilahlekelwa ikhono ukugxila izinto at amabanga ehlukene. Cataract - isizathu esiyinhloko ngenxa lapho asathuthuka ongaboni futhi ubumpumputhe. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, ngamunye 6 umuntu uthi lesi sifo, ngemva 80 - ngamunye. Izimpawu esweni :

• angaboni kahle, kwehle acuity ezibukwayo kancane kancane.
• Ukubukeka lezinto usabonakala.
• Ukunciphisa ukukhanya umbala.
• Umbala Umfundi emhlophe.
• Ibanga ukubonakala eduze.
• Ukuvela emhlabeni ukukhanya imithombo elikhanyayo kungamangalisa halos.

Intuthuko acuity ezibukwayo afeze ngenye indlela - ukuqhuba operation microsurgical, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho lens empunga kufakwa nolwelwesi yokufakelwa. Lona umsebenzi ephephile, ngemva kwalokho iningi ngokuphelele iziguli kabusha ibe acuity okusezingeni eliphezulu ezibukwayo.

Hyperopia futhi myopia

Ezikude (hyperopia) - isifo yakheke okuyiwona isithombe ngemuva retina. Imbangela yalesi sifo ngo-eksisi iDemo noma simpofu ocular amandla refracting lens, okuyinto enganele ukudala ibanga evamile eqondile.

Ukubona eduze (myopia) - ukudalwa into phambi retina. Lesi sifo yezokubona futhi Axial. Esimweni sokuqala kwandisa amandla yezokubona lens noma i-cornea, okwesibili - ubude iso. Ukwakhiwa enganele ubude ebalulekile.

Astigmatism - ukuhlukumeza kubangelwa izinguquko ukuma yeso. Kuba okusaqanda, ngokuphelele eyindilinga iso evamile. Pathology ngokuvamile eba yobuntwana kuhambisana myopia noma hyperopia. Uma isikhathi kungaqali ukwelashwa - lokhu kungaholela ziwohloke elibukhali acuity ezibukwayo noma strabismus.

presbyopia

"Lesi sifo sifushane ngesandla" - ngakho-ke lesi sifo ngelinye igama. Abantu abaningi abaphethwe lolu hlobo ukuhlukumeza, ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Lapho presbyopia ukulahlekelwa acuity ezibukwayo kubonakala ukulahlekelwa ukubonakala lezinto amancane nefonti eduze. Kufanele basunduze iphephandaba, efekethisiwe wahlanganyela ibanga.

Izimpawu kanye Izimbangela presbyopia

Into yokuqala ukuthi kumele wazise umuntu - ukufiphala izinto uhla close. Enginakho ukuba nzima amehlo akho ukulungisa isithombe nokucija ngenxa yalokho eba iso ukukhathala, ukuphathwa ikhanda, amehlo uhlobo. Zonke izinguquko elihlobene ne presbyopia ngenxa izinqubo ezihlobene nokukhula e isakhiwo lens nemisipha intraocular.

Indlela esobala kunazo zonke emhloleni ukulungiswa - izibuko afundza lens lesichubekako, ezisetshenziswa kuphela lapho besebenza amakota eduze. Ukuhlinzwa zingenza, kodwa lokhu kuyinto kakhulu, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa engatsho lutho.

amblyopia

iziyaluyalu sokugembula, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda amehlo ababuthakathaka ". Ingabe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke izifo ekhona ezinganeni, elihlobene ne sitho ifihlekile. Kuyinto ukugula okungathí sina, okuholela yezinkinga eziyingozi. Isizathu oholele kuwukwephula ezinjalo acuity ezibukwayo angayizuza isici noma anomaly azalwa nako. Amblyopia kwenzeka uma Ukuwohloka esisodwa noma zombili amehlo kanyekanye.

Utfutfukisa zokugula ngokuvamile ngokumelene isizinda strabismus, ale nkinga, astigmatism, hyperopia, opacity corneal, nystagmus. izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka cortex ezibukwayo. Ulwazi wathola ifomu ngendlela esontekile, ongena iso, ezibukwayo acuity liyancipha futhi akuyona ukulungiswa izibuko.

izimbangela Asizayo ka ongaboni

Njengoba ezengeziwe engcupheni ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo sokugembula ihlaba umkhosi:

1. umsebenzi eside ngesikhathi ikhompyutha.
2. Overstrain imisipha ocular.
3. Kalufifi Igumbi emsebenzini.
4. Ukuba khona ezintweni ezibukwayo (imibala egqamile kakhulu futhi ukukhanya namandla, nokunye. D.).
5. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukubhema.

Visual acuity: ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela

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