Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe eqenjini elilungiselelayo nakwabakhulu

Umbuzo wokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokuqonda kwengane yasenkulisa kanye nezingane zesikole ezikhulile wakhuliswa othisha nabafundisi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini lama-20. Inkinga yabangelwa ukuthi abantwana beza esikoleni abangazange babone umhlaba wonke. Abaqashi bokuqala babengakwazi ukuxhumanisa izigwegwe eziningana zemfundo ukuze bathole impendulo yombuzo obhalwe uthisha. Othisha baqala ukusesha ngenkuthalo izindlela zokuqeda le nkinga, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lapho kubonakala khona amakilasi ahlangene ku-DOW.

Indlela ehlanganisiwe ekufundiseni izingane zasenkulisa

Ngesikhathi samanje, isihloko sokusebenzisa indlela edidiyelwe yezemfundo zasenkulisa kuphakanyisiwe futhi. UMnyango Wezemfundo weRussia Federation wamukele imithetho emisiwe ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezihlanganisiwe ku-GEF okufanele zenziwe kuzo zonke izikole zase-kindergartens.

Ukubaluleka kwendlela

Ukubaluleka kwalezi zifundo ezixubekile ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhono abasebenzi basezifundweni ezenzweni zokudala imodeli ekahle yezinhlelo zemfundo zasenkulisa kanye nezemfundo kubonakala. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi odidiyelwe eqenjini eliphezulu le-enkulisa uhlose ukulungiselela izingane zokuphila esikoleni, ukwakha ubuntu obunemisebenzi enhle yengane.

Ngokuhlanganisa okuqukethwe kwemfundo yezingane zasenkulisa

Ukusebenzisana kwezesayensi ezahlukene kunomthelela ekukhethweni, ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwezemfundo, ukucinga izindawo eziphathelene nokufundisa, ukukhethwa kwezici ezibaluleke kakhulu. Isifinyezo sokuqeqeshwa kokufunda okuhlanganisiwe ku-phagus sikhombisa ukushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe kolwazi namakhono, okubandakanya ukucabangela okuphoqelekile. Ekupheleni kweseshini ngayinye, uthisha uthola impendulo, ukuze ahlaziye izinga lokufunda ulwazi ngabafundi, anquma lezo zikhathi ezidinga ukuhlaziywa futhi.

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi odidiyelwe eqenjini eliphakeme lesikhungo sokuqala esikoleni senziwa ngesifingqo esifanele sithobele zonke izidingo ze-Federal Education Standards. Ngaphandle kokumisa umgomo owenziwe ngamathathu - ezemfundo, ezemfundo, ezentuthuko - ku-synopsis, wonke amakhono namakhono ingane okufanele ayenze ngesikhathi sesifundo imisiwe. Iphinde ibonise imiphumela ehleliwe: ukuqeqeshwa, imfundo.

Izimo zemfundo ehlangene yesikolo esandulele

Emisebenzini yabo uGF Hegel, I. Ya. Lerner ubona ukuthi kuhlangene kanjani ukuhlanganisa amagatsha amaningana ekufundiseni izingane zasenkulisa. Umsebenzi ovulekile, ohlangene enkulisa kusho ukubonisa abahlanganyeli amakhono ayingqayizivele athola abafundi. Esikhathini sezifundo ezinjalo, ingane ihlakulela ukuhlangenwe nakho kwezenhlalo, ifunda ukudlulisa ulwazi olutholiwe esifundweni ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila.

Le ndlela iyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwane obuhle ngokomzwelo wengane kubantu abakuzungezile, imvelo ephilayo.

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi odidiyelwe eqenjini lokulungiselela kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuntu bomntwana.

Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zemfundo yasenkulisa?

Ulwazi olutholakala phakathi nesifundo lusiza ekwakheni umbono wezwe wesayense kubantwana besikole . Umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe eqenjini elilungiselelayo kusiza ukuthola izixazululo zawo, ufundisa ingane ukuba "iphendule" ngezenzo zabo. Izingane zizibona njengabahlanganyeli abakhuthele emisebenzini enjalo, funda ukusebenza ngamaqembu.

Izikhombisi zomsebenzi

Izingxenye zalolu hlelo, oluvunyelwe ku-DOW ngayinye, zihloswe ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wokuqonda wengane. Njengenye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zezemfundo zasenkulisa, sibona ukuthi kukhona kuzo zonke izindawo zokufundisa ezilandelayo:

• Ukubaluleka okuwusizo. Yizo lezi zigaba ezidlala indima eqoqayo ekwakheni isithakazelo somqondo.

• Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ubuchwepheshe beklasi elididiyelwe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kweziphakamiso ze-multimedia, izingxenye zevidiyo.

Ukudala uxhumano oluseduze nokuxhumeka okuphumelelayo kwezikhombisi-ndlela ezahlukene, othisha bazama ukunikeza izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile kulezi zinhlelo.

Umsebenzi ohlangene eqenjini elincane lama-DM kungenzeka ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okukhuluma. Lelikhono liyodingeka ukuba izingane zasenkulisa ziphile empilweni elandelayo. Umsebenzi onjalo ohlangene eqenjini elincane lihlose ukuhlelwa kabusha nokwandisa ulwazi lwesilulumagama esikoleni. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane zasenkulisa zakha inkulumo efanele futhi ehlelekile.

2. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqashwa okudidiyelwe kuvumela ukwazi izingane zasenkulisa ngezwe elizungezile, ukuhlela futhi nokwandisa ulwazi lwezinto zemvelo, ukuthuthukisa isisusa sokucabanga. Isifundo sisiza ukwakha isithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo nezinqubo ezehlukene. Umsebenzi onjalo odidiyelwe eqenjini elilungiselelayo lisho ukusetshenziswa kwezici: ukuhlola, ukulinganisa, ukubuka, ukuhlaziywa, ingxoxo, ukufunda. Umsebenzi onjalo okhiqizayo uhlose ukwakha isiko lokukhuluma labantwana besikole esikhathi esizayo.

3. Ukulungiselela ulwazi. Umsebenzi odidiyelwe eqenjini elilungiselelayo uvumela ukulungiselela izingane zasenkulisa ukuqeqeshwa: ukuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwenkulumo, ukwakha ukuhlolwa okuzwakalayo nokuhlaziywa, ukuthuthukisa ukukhulumisana kolimi, ukujwayela izingane ngencazelo yamagama. Eklasini, ingane ifunda ukwenza imisho ephelele.

   Phakathi nemidlalo yokudlala indima, engabandakanya iklasi elididiyelwe emathematika, umsebenzi okhiqizayo uyenziwa, izingane zibona ukubonakala kwazo, ulwazi, isimo somzwelo. Uhambo oluhlelwe esitolo, lusiza izingane zibonise izimfanelo zabo zokuxhumana. Umsebenzi ohlangene wokudala awukhulumi kuphela ngamakhono wezibalo, kodwa futhi inkulumo, ukunakekelwa, inkumbulo.

Imfundo yomculo

Imfundo ehlanganisiwe yomculo itholakala ezinganeni zasenkulisa. Kungukuthi lapho ulalela umculo, uxoxela izingoma ezizwiwe, uthisha ufundisa izingane ukuba zenze izithombe zengqondo. Uma isifundo esihlanganisiwe emathematika sithatha ukwakheka kwengqondo, ukucwaninga komculo kunomthelela ngokugcwele ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga okudala, ikhono lokuxhumanisa izithombe ezicacile ngezincazelo zemibhalo. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zobuciko njengezithombe, ukudweba, ukudweba, kusiza othisha ukuba afake izingane ezweni lobuhle. Lapho ufunda izingoma, i-vocabulary yezingane zasenkulisa igcwele. Phakathi nezifundo izingane zijwayele ukwenza imisebenzi yobuciko, zifunde ukuhlukanisa i-ballet e-opera, imidwebo ekudwebeni. Izindabakwane eziningi nezinkondlo, okunye umculo ocebile, ukwenza njengento esemqoka, ukuhlanganisa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobuciko zanamuhla.

Ezifundweni zomculo, inkumbulo, ukubuka, ukunakwa kwezingane ukukhula, ukuxhumana komculo nemidlalo yeselula, kuvumela ukwandisa ukuxhumana kokunyakaza. Imidlalo yokudlala indima esetshenziselwa amakilasi angaphambi kokufunda isiza ukuthuthukisa umbono wabantwana emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisa imisindo, imibala, izithombe zomculo ezigqamile. Ukudweba nokulinganisa kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamakhono amakhono omsebenzi wezandla, uma engekho, kuyoba nzima ukuba izingane zifunde ukubhala kahle.

Izinketho zokuhlanganiswa

Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo olwenziwe eDow, umphumela omuhle unikezwa ngokuhlanganisa izibalo nomculo, ukudweba nokuthuthukisa inkulumo, imisebenzi yokufunda yezingqungquthela nokuzijwayeza nezwe langaphandle.

Izici zamakilasi ahlangene enkulisa

Izincwadi ezinqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-DOW zibonisa ukuthi kwakhiwa okuthile kokuzivocavoca okuhlangene. Njengesihloko kuleli klasini khetha izinto ezinamakhono amaningi, okucatshangwa kusukela ekubukeni kwezesayensi ezahlukene. Isakhiwo saleso sifundo sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo ezivuthayo, ezigxile, ezilinganiselwe. Le nhlanganisela ikuvumela ukuba wenze izinguquko kokuqukethwe kohlelo, hlela amahora wokuqeqesha.

1. Isingeniso. Le ngxenye yokuzibandakanya ihilela ukudala isimo esithile sezinkinga esizogqugquzela izingane zasenkulisa ukuba zithole izindlela zokuzixazulula. Isibonelo, uthisha ubuza izingane ukuthi kungenzeka ukuphila emhlabeni ngaphandle kwe-oxygen namanzi. Kungenxa yokuthi ngokucacile imigomo isethwe kanjani, imiphumela yokugcina yalo msebenzi wonke incike.

2. Ingxenye enkulu. Izingane zithola amakhono amasha, ulwazi, amakhono, ngaphandle kwalokho okungenakwenzeka ukuxazulula umsebenzi obekwe umeluleki. Lesi sigaba sisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izethulo, izingcezu, amaqoqo. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izingane zicebisa isilulumagama, zifunde ukuphendula imibuzo, zibuze.

3. Ingxenye yokugcina. Ukuze izingane zithole ithuba lokusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngokuzikhandla, umsebenzi osebenzayo ngempela usetshenziswa ekilasini ngalinye enkulisa. Ukubuyekezwa kolwazi olutholiwe kwenziwa nge-modeling, drawing, imidlalo yama-didactic.

Amakilasi ahlangene avumela izingane zasenkulisa ukuthi zibone umbono obanzi futhi obanzi wezwe elibazungezile. Ukuzivocavoca okunjalo kuyadingeka ukudala ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto nezinto eziyingozi. Ngesikhathi sezehlakalo ezinjalo izingane zakhiwa usizo olulodwa, ukuqwashisa ngeziko eziningi zobuciko nezokusebenza. Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kwezemfundo zasenkulisa akukhona ekuhlanganiseni kolwazi oluthile, kodwa ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga okubalulekile kwezingane zasenkulisa

Ukubaluleka Kwezenzo

Ukuhlanganiswa kubonisa nokuthuthukiswa komthetho wemisebenzi yokudala yobuntu, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa amagatsha amaningana yolwazi esikoleni. Phakathi kwezici ezihlukile zanoma yikuphi umsebenzi ohlangene enkulisa, ochwepheshe bathi inqwaba yezinto ezisebenzayo nezengqondo. Isifundo akhiwe hhayi ngaphakathi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhlanganiswa kwangaphandle kwezinto. Ngalesi sizathu, into efanayo ngaphansi kokucwaninga ithathwa ngokushesha kusuka ezikhundleni eziningana, isiphetho esiphezulu senziwa mayelana nezakhiwo, izici, ukusetshenziswa kwesento esaphansi kokucwaninga.

Izindlela zokulungiselela isifundo

Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi ekufundeni okuhlangene ku-DU, imisebenzi elandelayo yenziwa:

• Indawo yolwazi ichazwa, lapho ukuhlanganiswa kuzosetshenziswa khona;

• Okuqukethwe kukhethwe ngokucabangela izici zonyaka zezingane;

• Izinhloso nezinhloso zokucabanga;

• Okuhlukile kokusebenza okusebenzayo kunqunywe.

Isiphetho

Izifundo ezixubekile emaqenjini ahlukene ezikhungo zokufundisa ezikoleni zangaphambi kwesikole - ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ekwakheni ubuntu nobungane bomntwana. Imisebenzi enjalo isiza othisha ukuba baqhubeke bethuthukisa ikhono labo lobuchwepheshe. Basiza ukunciphisa umthwalo osindayo, ngoba bahlanganisa inhlanganisela yezinketho ezahlukene zemisebenzi. Bakuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngesikhathi esifundweni hhayi kuphela isifundo noma ihholo, kodwa futhi yonke insimu ye-enkulisa, ngoba emisebenzini enjalo yokudlala indima kanye nemidlalo yezindaba njalo ihlanganisiwe. Izingane eziya enkulisa ziyakujabulela ukwenza izabelo ezihlinzekwa ngabeluleki ngesikhathi samakilasi ahlanganisiwe ahlukahlukene.