Ummese ngengilazi mlilo. ummese Obsidian

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu uye wafuna lula umsebenzi wabo ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amadivaysi. Omunye amathuluzi kuqala kwakungumprofethi ummese. Uma nje abantu abazi mayelana impahla metal ekukhiqizeni zawo zazilotshiwe amatshe kanye obsidian. Ummese ngengilazi wentaba-mlilo kabanzi ukusetshenziswa isiko lasezindlini zezizwe lasekuqaleni. Wayengeyena nje ithuluzi asizayo futhi isikhali ngempumelelo, kodwa futhi yabonisa isimo amadoda, emelelwe isibindi namandla akhe.

obsidian

Yemvelo ingilazi mlilo, ezakhiwe lwaluyophola ngokushesha kakhulu lava okuyinto, ngokuthi obsidian. Kukhona legend ukuthi isitshela itshe esingajwayelekile abokuqala eYurophu sibonga Roman Obsidia, kungakho igama.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama itshe livela lesiGreki elithi "obsis", okungukuthi ube ngumbukwane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abamnyama obsidian bhila esibukweni.

izakhiwo

Lapho echaza Izakhiwo zanoma ingilazi wentaba-mlilo uqaphele izici ezilandelayo:

• zohlobo has a isakhiwo omkhulu, glasswool ngokugcwele microphenocrysts ezingavamile;
• umbala iphethini incike microinclusions itshe magnetite feldspars ugodo, insimbi oxides, njll.;
• obala incike inclusions, degree yayo kuhluka opaque ukuba esobala (noma angenisa ukukhanya);
• Ukwakheka variable (ezahlukene rhyolite ukuba basalt ingilazi): Silicon dioxide - 75%, amanzi - ngaphansi kuka-1%;
• isicwebezelisi abushelelezi, ingilazi;
• ostrogranny kink, conchoidal ezinkulu;
• kungekho cleavage;
• ethambile;
• amorphous.

izinhlobo obsidian

Ukubunjwa obsidian ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziseqhulwini:

• rhyolite - oyiyo sifana egwadle;
• gabbro - iqukethe inclusions nge pyroxene wokusanhlamvu;
• porphyry - ezihlukahlukene egqamile ebomvu andesite;
• diorite - kusekelwe zinhlayiya ka feldspar, sifana egwadle;
• Fuck - Vitreous ezihlukahlukene olungaqinile.

Ukwakheka lava okusheshayo nemibandela ingilazi ukwakheka kwezintaba-mlilo kuthinte umbala impahla:

• Isithwathwa. Omunye zinhlobo enhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi jikelele omnyama noma ansundu isizinda zibonakala namabala amhlophe kancane esilufifi efana amakhekheba eqhwa.
• Rainbow. It kungabonakala izingqimba ngokucacile akachazeki eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, shades oluhlaza. Ukulandelana imibala kuyinto enhle ikakhulukazi Imi. Ibizwa nangokuthi umsila peacock noma nomchilo phakathi kwamabili.
• Black. igama Trade e-US - entabeni noma emnyama jet Nevada idayimane. It has a ezijulile okumsulwa umbala omnyama.
• Apache izinyembezi. Ngohlobo Lomuntu Okufanele Ube black obsidian - Ukukhetha oyindilinga.
• Black and red. Libhekene kushintshana imibala ezimnyama. Eyesibili isihloko kwezinhlobo banded - entabeni mahogany.
• Ekhazimulayo. Obsidian, Kwakugcwele igesi encane futhi Splashes ketshezi, enikeza nomphumela segolide noma isiliva. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona kukho ezimibalabala: blue-blue, obomvu, oluhlaza, noma rainbow.

Omunye izinhlobo amahle kakhulu pearl umthunzi latholakala Armenia. Lezi zilwane ezingavamile zihlanganisa Montana jade oluhlaza, obsidian, aquamarine esobala ogqamile futhi amnyama Stromboli onsomi.

idiphozi

I amaminerali litholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke. ezifakwa ezinjalo e-USA eMexico, eRussia, Hungary, Slovakia, e-Italy, Iceland, eScotland, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Georgia, Armenia, nase-Ukraine.

ummese lasendulo

Knife livela ezimpondweni namabhodlela wentaba-mlilo kwaba into yokuzinikela, futhi lalisetshenziswa isiko imihlatshelo ngabantu phakathi Aztec. Kwakuyisikhathi flat, esika nhlangothi zombili, kwadingeka leaf emise. ukucutshungulwa Manual of kwesokunxele ke engalingani, kodwa akusenzi impahla yayo kalula futhi ngokushelela ukusika inyama.

Ubude izingalo zifike 30 cm ububanzi -. 6 cm isibambo, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngetshe. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa okuqinile wood, uphondo noma isilwane amathambo. Crepe blade nge glue ukwenziwa ngokukhethekile izikali amathambo noma ngokusebenzisa imisipha kwezilwane, otshala amahlumela. Kube imisipha ubuchwepheshe ukugelelza.

imikhiqizo Stone

Ososayensi, izazi zemivubukulo zikholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa obsidian zaziqale cishe eminyakeni namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili edlule, futhi kubangelwa sezindawo impahla:

• okuhlala isikhathi eside;
• kahle ke ahlukaniselwe izingqimba;
• amafomu wajinge wanamatsela at tincetu oyingozi.

It is kabanzi womshini ezihlukahlukene ukusika kudutshulwa amathuluzi: izimbazo, imimese, scrapers, arrowheads, nemikhonto nokunye. Metal esikhundleni obsidian, kodwa hhayi kuzo zonke izizwe. AmaNdiya eNingizimu neMelika wayazi ibhizinisi nsimbi, baye Sekungamakhulu eminyaka esetshenziswa ummese ngengilazi mlilo. Ngaphandle kwayo, asizange sikwenze imicikilisho umhlatshelo nokugqumisa. Ngokusho kobukhulu izikhali ezinjalo lizidlula kude metal analogue.

imimese nomthelela ukusabalala ubudlelwane ukuhweba phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Abathengisi zithutha zikanokusho, izinto ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa emhlabeni wonke. Kwaba ehlonishwayo ukuba omuhle wobuciko, likhuluma mayelana nesimo nengcebo umndeni.

Ngaphezu amathuluzi wenza ubucwebe obsidian, izibuko, izinto zasekhaya.

imimese

Kuze kube manje, ummese obsidian uthola connoisseur yayo. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla inikeza esiyingqayizivele ngokuphelele izinto izinga ngokwenza izinto kulo muzi, okubalwa amathuluzi ukusika. Kodwa ingilazi yemvelo ubuhle akunakuqhathaniswa.

Ummese ngengilazi wentaba-mlilo ikhiqizwa kuhambisana namasu asendulo. Sebenzisa izinto ezifanele namathuluzi. Zonke lezi imimese yesimanje zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

1. Eyokuqala eziyisikhumbuzo. Nakuba imikhiqizo efana kungenzeka ukusebenzisa. Kuyabajabulisa ukuthenga abadobi abazingeli. Emazingeni sub-zero igiya ezimanzi iqala ukumisa ukuba ikhaba metal. Ummese ngengilazi wentaba-mlilo akanawo lo ethile, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyasikwa kahle, hhayi blunts abuye ahlahlele kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka. Enye plus ukuthi imimese kancane. Souvenirs abiza amabanga kusuka 20 kuya ku-100 aseMelika
2. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa imimese wenza njengoba ubucwebe. ubuchwepheshe sidilizwa akuyona njalo ofanele, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ngcono. Ubukhulu we izindwani zincike izifiso ikhasimende. isibambo ehlotshisiwe artsy ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo akunakwenzeka. Ukuze kukhiqizwe amatshe akhethiwe namabala ahlukahlukene - ke kuthuthukisa ukubukeka izikhali, kodwa kunciphisa izinga ukudla. Yeka ukuthi kuyinto ummese ngengilazi mlilo, inquma okuyinhloko. Konke kuncike yinkimbinkimbi ukukhiqizwa futhi ukubaluleka zokuhlobisa imininingwane.
3. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa imikhiqizo adalwe ngobuchwepheshe besimanje. Glass wokucwebezelisa phuca ithuluzi isici igawula, ikhaba uncipha ngenxa lapho izinga izindwani uyahlabeka. Yiphathe e isampula ezifana kuyinto elula futhi kunengqondo ngaphezu kwanoma le nozakwabo ubucwebe, kodwa ngenxa fragility we blade ingaphezu isikhumbuzo kuka ithuluzi.

ukusetshenziswa yesimanje

Ngakho, ulwazi lwezokwelapha Modern benza odokotela abahlinzayo bakwazi afeze ukuhlinzwa ibuthaka (ukuhlinzwa plastic, zamehlo). Nanotechnologies ezidinga ukusetshenziswa izindwani mncane kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, ngalezi zinhloso kabanzi ummese ngengilazi mlilo. Intengo nommese yasekuqaleni zokhahlamba kusuka $ 60-100. It kuncike ubuqili ikhaba. Ichopho ikhaba, noma kunalokho, ukuzisika yayo onqenqemeni kungaba njengoba mncane njengoba 0.02 Micron. cut Izacile some ngokushesha.

Yiqiniso, ubuchwepheshe yesimanje uvumele ukukhiqiza ezicashile cutting amathuluzi. Diamond scalpels abe ukushuba 0,003 Micron, zingabantu okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kunamandla obsidian. Kodwa amanani aphezulu endaweni eyodwa noma eziningi izinkulungwane zamaRandi awuzibhebhezeli ukusatshalaliswa yazo ebanzi.

Ukukhiqiza nommese isibambo azithathe enjalo oluqinile izihlahla ngokuvamile maple. Ne epoxy blade enamathiselwe nalokho. Le nqubo yokukhiqiza ivumela ukuze adalule ithuluzi ukufudumeza ukwelashwa i autoclave, ngaphandle umonakalo.

A nommese zingamelana kuze kube imisebenzi 20. I ethile iyona fragility we blade - nokucindezela lateral inqamuka. Enye into: akukho mishini ezimbili ezifanayo. ukukhiqizwa Manual ayikuvumeli ukwenza ngqo usayizi ofanayo futhi ukuma ukudla.

Kudinga ithuluzi enjalo, futhi zokupheka. Namuhla, abapheki ezandleni hhayi kuphela imimese metal. zobumba ezisakazekile. Imimese (Chinese, isiJalimane, isi-Japanese) efakazelwe zibe ithuluzi professional okuthembekile. Ngokusho izimfanelo zayo ngokomzimba ziyafana izindwani obsidian.

yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe

Knife Ukwakha kusukela ingilazi wentaba-mlilo wenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Icubungula preform wezigubhu. Workpiece ngokwayo kumelwe zibe ukuphindwa kabili kwalokho ithuluzi lokugcina. igalelo Strong eqondile ngo-90 ^ukuqhekeza impahla ukuze akha surface flat. Unqenqema ukhaliphile, kungaba usike.
2. Ukuze wenze ukudla ifomu ezinye spall kudingeka kancane uswidi. Ngenxa yalesi ithambo kanzima kakhulu noma ukhuni kumelwe abe "podstrugat" blade. Lo msebenzi udinga isineke, isikhathi kanye nokunemba.
3. Ethi awafike izindwani ukuphotha indlela. Esikhathini "nensimbi" ukusabalala cortex (noma ezinye impahla cushioning), it is libekwe ummese iloliwe, futhi induku noma ithambo chips ishq ngokunembile esihle (ngohlangothi phansi). lidlulisele Ngakho umumo flat nokunikeza blade yayo nokucija.

Isibambo wenziwe uphondo noma ukhuni. Ikhaba ogibele glue, ungakwazi ukukulungisa ngosizo imisipha noma izintambo mncane. ithuluzi ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa usike intambo, noma ususe umdlalo isikhumba.

Master nemimese yakhe

Jeff Hall (Dzheff Holl) - one of the amakhosi edume kunazo zonke, lowo njengofakazi, impahla womshini ummese esetshenziswa ingilazi mlilo. Yena uhlala futhi usebenza e-United States (Washington). Nakhu ukuthi ukuchaza wizadi:

• Ikhaba has a grey mnene ayevumela. Isibambo wenziwe uphondo izinyamazane American uzipho dragon emise. Ubude - 20 cm.
• Blade akhethiwe obsidian ne emithanjeni Smoky, omnyama abomvu. Nge-engela ezithile ikhaba ozuza sheen segolide. Isibambo senziwa ngendlela efanayo isampuli kuqala. Ubude - 17,8 cm.
• Blade eyenziwe omnyama ingilazi wentaba-mlilo (misela e-Northern California). Ngokukhethekile kusetshenzwe futhi isibambo ophucuziwe eyenziwe cactus Jeolla. Ubude - 16,5sm.

Kasibili yonke imikhiqizo Hall enikeziwe ngezitifiketi bokuba yiqiniso kwazo.

Kunenye ummese kunalokho ethandwa Obsidian ngokuthi "Inhliziyo ka Pele." Lena isampula isiko yendabuko izikhali kwabomdabu baseNdiya zomdabu zaseNingizimu Melika.

Bilateral blade esingunxantathu nge ekupheleni abukhali unamathele nenhle isibambo lwalugobile ezenziwe ngokhuni. Blade eyenziwe esobala ngokubomvu obsidian black komugqa impregnations. Ubude - 22.5 cm, ububanzi - 3 cm; isisindo - 80 amagremu. Lesi isibonelo esihle operation bhukwana lungasetshenziswa njengendlela into isiko, futhi njengoba isici lokubhalela.

imimese Chinese ngengilazi mlilo semali ahlinzekwa njengezinto eziyisikhumbuzo. Ababona njengoba elicwengiweyo njengoba amakhophi siko ezenziwe amakhosi, kodwa, nokho, kungaba isipho esikhulu indoda.

izinzuzo

Blade Obsidian has ahlabayo izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu kunensimbi. Akudingi yimuphi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Akukona crack, hhayi ukungenwa nokucekelwa enkonzweni. Akukona ukudunga noma ulahlekelwe nombala engokwemvelo kanye sekugcineni.

izinjongo eziwusizo, ummese enjalo ongakhonza njengesipho esihle, umhlobiso isici, esetshenziswa njengoba into isiko.

amaphutha

Yonke imikhiqizo ngengilazi wentaba-mlilo ulula kakhulu. Noma yimuphi umthelela noma uhlangothi ingcindezi kungabangela ukulimala ikhaba. Ikhaba ayikwazi ngaphansi hypothermia noma ukushisa. Kodwa nge handling ngokucophelela ummese ongakhonza iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nekhono ukusika kahle.