Ultrasonic icala: imfundo, umdwebo, Ukucaciswa, abakhiqizi, yokuqinisekisa

Investigation komzimba esebenzisa amagagasi ultrasonic waqala nokuqalisa ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule. Idivayisi yokulinganisa ibizwa ngokuthi "icala ultrasonic." Ngokushesha ngemva indlela ukutholakala bazulazula udumo ububanzi phakathi onjiniyela kanye abantu abathintekayo ucwaningo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana umshini

Ultrasound lingena ngokusebenzisa zamatshe impahla okuqinile, futhi kungenzeka ulungise ngisho khona ufa amancanyana etholakala maphakathi into. Idivayisi ivumela ukunquma ukungapheleli 7-50 mm ukujula nge ukunemba ± 1 mm.

Ultrasonic icala imitshina namaleveli ahlukahlukene ukuzwela. inkomba okunjalo kunqunywa ubukhulu ukukhubazeka encane. Ububanzi ukusetshenziswa amayunithi ubanzi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa izinsimbi.

Enembile kudivayisi isikhombimsebenzisi unikeza ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kanye umfaniswano kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Idivayisi izici ngokunemba, senza akwazi ukubonisa izingane ukuze bathole imiphumela ephezulu ezingeni futhi ukuthola ubukhona zamehlo.

Izindawo ukusetshenziswa ithuluzi

Icala ukuthola esekelwe ultrasound singasebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi zokwakha uzingela khona imifantu kufihlwe, ikhule ezimbotsheni, slag nezinye zamehlo.

Ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Welds. Lona isicelo eyinhloko iyunithi.
• izinsimbi Primary ibhuloho imishayo, nemishayo, izinduku, amashubhu workpieces.
• Ingqalasizinda. Aboshelwe uxhumano, imizila ngoba izitimela isakhiwo sensimbi.
• Petrochemical umkhakha. Ihlola amadamu yamapayipi, umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo.
• Control ukusebenza zamasondo futhi imiphini ukuqeqesha izimoto, izindiza kokwehla gear, ukumiswa izinjini, crane Booms, drive imiphini, amathangi nezitsha ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
• ukukhiqizwa esifundeni. Kuvulwe Welding ezivuzayo, amalunga soldered, imikhiqizo eyenziwe thusi, ukulawula ngokukhuthazela izinto oluyinhlanganisela.
• Ihlola izinto izindiza izingxenye, ophephela abaphehla ugesi, izinjini.

Isicelo icala phesheya

Ngo umkhakha, ultrasonic icala imitshina ziye zasetshenziswa le-yalolucwaningo 50. Khona-ke uchungechunge lokuqala amadivayisi tube udaliwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iye efunde anolwazi isicelo ultrasonic wokuhlola indlela.

Emazweni European, ukuhlolwa uthathé ukuma eqinile. It ebangela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu umthamo isamba wokuhlola umkhiqizo. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi, naphezu ezishintshayo zomsebenzi, le ndlela kunikezwa ukunakwa kakhulu.

Lokhu kuthiwa kubangelwa yokuthi semali yomsebenzi owenziwe ngaso kumasayithi afana ne izitshalo ngamandla enuzi, amapayipi letehlukene, izakhiwo zensimbi, izimoto, kanye nabanye. Isici esiphawulekayo zonke lezi izakhiwo kuyinto ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo, okuyinto nzima ukusetshenziswa ezishintshayo.

Ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi imboni yasekhaya

Esikhathini yasekhaya ukulawula umkhakha ultrasound usesikhundleni okuholela. Lokhu kufakazelwa inani ochwepheshe abenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-2000, ngokwemibiko ye-Ural Certification Centre, kwathiwa ihlolwe 1475 radiographers. 38% zazo ziye zaba kongoti bolwazi by indlela ultrasonic. Ehlukile Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inombolo obuqand abasebenzi kusekelwe kokulawulwa Welding ezivuzayo.

Umgomo we operation iyunithi

ultrasonic umsebenzi icala umtshina kusekelwe emisebeni pulsed. amagagasi kubonakala umsindo elotshiwe bese uvumele ukuthola zamehlo. Dlala amaza omsakazo ushintshwe B1-I3 amapuleti piezoceramic. Bona ngokusebenzisa ungqimba impahla couplant basakazwa ngesimo ugodo nesiqondiso transverse.

I kubonakala ultrasound kunyakaza isinyathelo B1, B3 ipuleti piezoceramic. EMF kusebenze kwenzeka, okuyinto kuba izinguquko namandla futhi engena inkinobho icala.

izindlela ukulawula Main

Kukhona izindlela ezehlukene lokulawula. Okuvame kakhulu, kokuba kahle eliphezulu, zihlanganisa:

• indlela echo;
• indlela on mirror-isithunzi esekelwe;
• reception ngokwethukela.

Yini kuwukuthi icala?

Kuyini Ultrasonic Flaw? Isikimu umelwe:

• generator ishayela ;
• okuwuphawu ukukhubazeka;
• broadband yokukhulisa izwi idivayisi;
• idivayisi isikhathi umgwaqo amplitude;
• voltage Regulator;
• ukuguqulela kudivayisi.

Ukushayela iyunithi

imidvwebo wokuhlelwa kwendikimba amadivayisi njenge ultrasonic icala imitshina babe eyinkimbinkimbi okwanele.

Umgomo we operation zedivayisi kungaqondakala kalula uma ufunde ngokucophelela nge oyiyo. Usebenza kanjani nedivaysi efana ultrasonic icala umtshina, ukulaya uzokutshela.

Amabhulokhi eyinhloko isampuli amadivayisi yesimanje bahlinza isimiso elandelayo:

• A generator yakha pulses Ukushaywa, edonsa kunyakaza kagesi okuyinto ajabulise amagagasi ultrasonic kule divayisi ukuguqulwa.
• amasignali ultrasound kubonakala kusukela isici yamukelwa okufanayo (noma kuhlanganiswe wesifunda umdwebo enye ehlukile) Lidlulisela. Isignali ye-kuyashintshwa kube pulses kagesi enikeziwe uvo amplifier.
• Ukulungisa inzuzo ngesikhathi ibuswa umthethonqubo isikhathi ukuzwela kohlelo (TCG).
• Ukwandiswa kuya wayefisa isignali value zolimo ukuze ugongolo kagesi inkomba alamu okuzenzakalelayo isici (ASD).
• Idivayisi kokuvumelanisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza efanele bonke ukulandelana nesikhathi nodal izindawo kudivayisi kanyekanye ne kokuqala generator ishayela (noma nge abanye bayalibala ukwenza predetermined). It ikhuthaza zokuqalisa timebase electron-ugongolo inkomba.
• Scan kwenza ukuhlukanisa ngokufika isikhathi amasignali kuveza izinto okuyinto zitholakala endaweni amabanga ehlukene kusukela Transmitter. Synchronizer futhi unesibopho nokuphatha TCG emabhuloki bese SDA.
• Amadivayisi eyayigcwele kudivayisi yokulinganisa amplitude nesikhathi sokufika ishayela kubonakala. Icebo ukufakwa ezikudlayo kwenziwa e okuhlukile. Ukulinganisa kudivayisi IZINHLELO amasignali etholakele amplifier ne isikhathi esiphelweni zedivayisi ukuvumelanisa, kanye Imiphumela izinkomba digital electron-ugongolo inkomba noma ibhodi ehlukile.

kudivayisi Ukucushwa

Ukubeka ultrasonic icala umtshina iqala ukufakwa isizukulwane esitebeleni idivayisi voltage ukuguqulwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenziwe lakhetsiwe R39 Resistor. Khona-ke etholwe oyifunayo ukuphindaphinda imvamisa (120-150 cpm / s), ukukhethwa wenziwa Resistor-R2.

Inkomba amplitude 70-80 pulses / umzuzwana litholakala Ukukhetha dynistor V1. Khona-ke ifaniswe capacitors C22 futhi C26, okuyinto lushintsha setha umkhawulo ne izinjini rotary resistors-R30 kanye R35 kanye monostable multivibrator ukubambezeleka isikhathi pulses (10-25 microseconds) nendawo ezizobekwa elawulwa (7-45 microseconds).

Ihlola amadivayisi

Ukuqinisekisa le ultrasonic icala umtshina ezenziwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• Eyokuqala itholakala ukufakwa wesifunda umdwebo ekhethekile simulating kudivayisi likhipha isignali test. Yini embi ngalo kule divayisi iyona ukuphazamisa busebenze kudivayisi nokungakwazi hlola block umsindo.
• Akwaziwa futhi indlela olwenziwa sekulingisa amasignali echo, emisebeni yabo iphethini ukumisa. Khona-ke, ngemva reception iyenziwa icala ipheshana Electroacoustic kuphela. Kukhona yayihlanganisa likhipha nokwamukela izingxenye kagesi kudivayisi iyunithi ehambelana Uphenyo kagesi kanye amakhebuli yokuxhuma probe unit. Yini embi ngalo kokuhlolwa sinjalo ukusetshenziswa kuphela indlela icala kokuba wave okuqhubekayo amagagasi ultrasonic nokucubungula amasignali esekelwe umphumela Doppler. Le isixazululo akuvumelekile sokuphatha onobuhle eziningi zalezi zinsuku amadivayisi basakaza emhlabeni wonke.
• Ukuqinisekiswa eyenziwa ultrasonic icala umtshina, kanye nezinye izindlela. Kusekelwe yokuthi iyunithi acoustic ogibele isampula ngokusebenzisa uketshezi kulungiselelwa ukuxhumana ebusweni isampula. Lokhu kunikeza elihlangana acoustic phakathi block isampula kanye umsindo. Iyunithi acoustic likhipha amagagasi ultrasonic e isampuli. Kubonakala kusukela kwangaphakathi amasignali kugqame echo yamukelwa futhi iyakhula e isampuli. Kuyinto Ukukhetha yesikhashana, okuyinto sidla kudivayisi inkomba. On izinga iyunithi yahlulelwe ezingeni izinkomba alamu. Ukuqalisa le ndlela osebenza idivayisi metal noma i ingilazi organic nge reflectors ngokufanele ngaphakathi. amadivaysi Okufanayo esetshenziswa zonke abakhiqizi icala phambili emhlabeni wonke.

onobuhle Popular icala

Ohlwini ebanzi kumadivayisi, kukhona of high, kungase kuqashelwe, ultrasonic abakhiqizi icala umtshina ezifana OmniScan, Epoch, Sonic, Phasor. Futhi phakathi amadivayisi yasekhaya, kufanele sinake CA-2 brand, CA-3, 'Ukunikeza ", amadivayisi A1212 chungechunge. Ziyakwazi okuthembekile.

Domestic Series UD amadivayisi akunakubangelwa jikelele, njengoba nje kuphela anhlobonhlobo izilinganiso namakhono obuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ezimeni ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi izimo kanye nezinhloso ezithile. A isibonisi ebanzi ikhomba ukukhanya kanye umsindo lula ukusebenza ngedivayisi.

abakhiqizi Foreign of ultrasonic test amathuluzi iveza ezihlukahlukayo izilungiselelo nezimo. Banezinhliziyo okuncane ezimangelengele, usayizi amancane. Lena akuyona nje icala, idivayisi jikelele ngoba isisebenzi abavamile.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngesisekelo amadivayisi OmniScan kokuba iqoqo elinothile imisebenzi ukuthi umthetho afanayo ikhishiwe. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze sandise amakhono nesilinganiso futhi uthole umphumela olunembile.

ezincwadini Wide ingxenye akumelwe kuholele ukudideka yomthengi. Ngemva ultrasonic icala ezahlukahlukene futhi kudivayisi ngayinye kunezinzuzo zako siqu nangempumelelo lapho esetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile.

Universal ultrasonic icala umtshina, idivayisi Ubukhulu encane, idivayisi ukusebenza amaza ephansi, idivayisi ifakwe bezinhlamvu zokuzivikela - ngakho ibanga ocebile kwenza ukuthola idivayisi ezifanele ezingasetshenziswa ukulawula isimo sezulu izinto ezahlukene.

Okufanele funa uma uthenga?

Lapho ukuthenga imoto, sinake izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthwala zedivayisi. Inkomba elilungile liyokhanyisa isisindo zedivayisi. Uma idivayisi kuyinto compact, khona-ke isibili ezinhle.
• Lula ukusetshenziswa. Izilungiselelo ngaphansi eziphambili, kuba lula ukusebenza ngedivayisi.
• esibonakalayo stroke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kukhona ngokuvamile baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile imfundamakhwela kuwo nje abaqondi. Interface ngempela kumele kube sobala ukugwema ezinye izinkinga lapho uvula eyodwa noma enye indlela.
• Ukuba khona lewaranti futhi inkonzo. Qaphela abahlinzeki imishini kanye nabathengisi.
• Idivayisi kufanele ifanelane transducer piezoelectric ekhiqizwa phesheya. Into efanayo nalo libalulekile lapho uthenga amadivayisi yasekhaya.
• Ukuba khona nje, imiyalelo ecacile yokusebenza kahle evezwe.