Ukwelapha ngemva ukutheleka ehlobo nasebusika isikhathi

Ukwelapha Ukhonkolo ephelezelwa zamakhemikhali, okuyinto kakhulu kuthinta khona amanzi. Ngo mass ukhonkolo ngesikhathi dilution sengezwe isamba elanele uketshezi ukuqinisekisa hydration. Ukuze le nqubo ukuze uqhubeke kuze kufike isikhathi lapho ukhonkolo Uqinisa ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukuba ubuyise izindlela zokuphakelwa kwamanzi noma ukuthatha izinyathelo abalonde. ukunakekelwa Isekelwe ngemva ethela ukhonkolo ukulondoloza isimo ezimanzi ngesikhathi esithile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa umswakama noma ukungcola kobuso formwork kanye ukuhwamuka yayo. Kungenzeka futhi indiza ogelezayo nokumanzisa ehlelekile.

imithetho

Ukhonkolo GOST esindayo 26633 2012, etholakala usimende ephansi zakuqala-amandla, abaneminyaka zisesimweni ezinomswakama okungenani amaviki amabili. A esifushane iyadingeka okusheshayo ukuqina usimende, kodwa kulokhu, umsebenzi eyenziwa ngokuphelele.

I ukhonkolo ezimanzi has a lokushisa ephansi iqhathaniswa ne ezivamile. Lokhu isici esihambelana impahla aluminous, njengoba kukhona ukwehla ngamandla alo laphindeka kabili lapho esingeqile kombundu lokushisa 32 ° C.

Elawulwayo sokwelapha SNIP 3.01.01-85. Zonke izindlela wesi umswakama futhi lokushisa izimo amiswa luhlobo phrojekthi.

Izici ukunakekelwa ehlobo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokunakekela ebusweni ehlobo ukuvimbela iphele out. Kumiswa nomswakama imodi efanelekayo kunemithetho elula ezidinga ukubulawa ehlelekile. Sun imisebe futhi ngokuqondile umoya zibulale evele obala, ngakho kudingeka uvikelwe kuzo. Isetshenziselwa lokhu ubumanzi enamathela incipient, isibonelo, noseyili noma burlap. Le filimu polyethylene zingase futhi zibe impahla ukuvimbela omiswe. It ikuvumela ukuthi luvimbele nesenzakalo imibuzo efana: "Kungani crack eziphathekako kukhona usawoti kugasela"

In the ukungabikho kwamanzi ekhethekile lokunameka amahora ambalwa emva kokuqedwa waphuzisa noma egcwele isihlabathi. Imvamisa ukuthambisa ezithinta izimo kuma, kodwa ngokuzimela kuzo, luthi alufane kumele kube njalo ezimanzi kuze ukhonkolo iye yazuza kakhulu yezikhwepha isethi. Ungasebenzisa hoses ne spray ukuchelela.

Ngaphansi isimo okushisa aphakeme phambi concreting imisebenzi formwork lalinamanzi amaningi. Uma lisuswe ngaphambi kokuba aqede elapha, kudingeka asenze raspalublennyh izindiza mpo. Ukuze izifunda, kushisa sezulu ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo uhlelo izimbobo ezincane ukuchelela evele mpo nge eyehlelayo abukhali.

Ezinye izici ezingezinhle

Ikhwalithi ukhonkolo wabeka zingase zingathinti nje ukushisa, kodwa futhi komhlaba. Ukuze ugweme isenzo nolaka sokulungisa ungqimba ukwahlukanisa noma amanzi. Kwenziwe msebenzi ngoba usimende alumina izinsuku ezintathu, futhi izinsuku 10-14 nakwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Obalulekile angaphezulu aqukethe usawoti ongaba ukuthambisa kungaba izinkinga design. Ngemva ukuhwamuka kasawoti bahlale impahla liquid kuholela ukwehla amandla ukhonkolo. Kulokhu, kuphela wadalula ocwebezelayo enamathela okuyinto ibekwe at ibanga ngamasentimitha ambalwa isakhiwo. Imibhangqwana oswakanyiswe ingxube, lapho lo sawoti bahlale material ukwemboza.

Ukuze kuvikelwe futhi hydration mix ukhonkolo kudinga isikhathi esibalulekile kanye umzamo. Ngakho-ke njalo basebenzise nebitume nopende ukwakhiwa, i-polymer iqina amafilimu lokuvikela evele nge amavidyo esikhulu, ecabanga ngixhumane nge ukhonkolo.

Imodi ekhethekile umswakama ezidingekayo walezinto kasimende engasindi nge fillers ohlobo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Ukwelapha nge-daylight saving time esebenzisa enamathela ifilimu nopende ukwakhiwa ukuthi bavikele umswakama.

lokushisa okuphansi

Yiqiniso, uma nethuba ukhethe isikhathi umsebenzi ukhonkolo, kangcono makudle zasehlobo. Kodwa uma ukuchitha concreting ebusika, kudinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile ukuvikela impahla ezivela umnkantsha ngaphambi lithola amandla efanele.

Esikhathini ukulungiswa isixazululo ngaphandle kwalokho modifiers ezikhethekile udinga ukufudumeza amanzi. Kulesi ukufakwa okuqhubekayo kumele kwenziwe. I eqandisiwe ungqimba engenhla alunge esebenzisa umusi isuswe ke ngokushesha lusebenza ku ethela.

Ebusika, sokwelapha kuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Kuncike umngcele uhla lokushisa luphahlekwa isakhiwo usebenzisa izinto nangokuvikela.
• Transformers ngamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu esetshenziselwa amalahle base siyelapheka.
• Sebenzisa uhlobo ukukhanya impahla noma ukhonkolo esindayo, GOST ohlinzekela emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni izithasiselo.

Ukudala ukushisa kwimodi ejwayelekile kungenzeka nge "amatende" ngenkathi amalahle isibhamu ukushisa. Kuyaphawuleka le undesirability ka kagesi Ukushisa izakhi ngoba mncane-ngodonga, njengoba lokhu kungaholela overdrying. Indlela yokuphuma isimo ukusebenzisa umusi ukushisa noma heater lefoni.

formwork

imiklamo Modern livikele ngokwanele kusuka iphele ukuphuma indiza evulekile ezisele kumele ayokhosela ngokushesha ngemuva ethela ku nesomiso.

Ukuze formwork ezenziwe ngokhuni ayikwazi ukudonsa umswakama futhi inikeza eliphezulu ukuqina ngokhonkolo, ubuso bayo sangaphakathi camera yenziwe ngohlobo olukhethekile zangaphambi uwoyela. Kungcono ehlelekile sishaye ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa khona.

lenyuka lisuka kwabangaba iphele ukuphuma Ukuvikelwa iyadingeka ukuze izakhiwo ezincane, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu afanayo ukhonkolo, lokhu kungenxa indiza athuthukile ngokuhlanganyela ivolumu etholakalayo. Ngokushesha kunamanye izindawo uqale zome imiphetho namakhona.

Ukusebenza evele ezinkulu

Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho ukhonkolo eqeda kubekwa livulekele surface elikhulu, ukunakekelwa ezifanele liyadingeka, ukuqaliswa kuyinto zazo kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana.

Ukunisela indinganiso ixhunywe hose piping nge umlomo wombhobho spray. Kwezinye izimo, ukufakwa okunengqondo yesimiso sokunisela ngenkasa kanye isenzo esiqhubekayo. Kodwa loku kungadala ukuqhakaza ngokhonkolo ngenxa yensimbi ziyoncibilika eziqukethwe amanzi. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa amapayipi eyenziwe Alloys ekhethekile.

Ngezinye ilungiselelo amadamu kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kukhona indawo enkulu evulekile ebhokisini ngalinye, ukuthi elapha ehlobo kufanele kwenziwe indawo yokufihla ikhanda kanye namanzi wokunisela.

Izici enamathela mncane

Ngenxa ukushuba encane sebefaka ukhonkolo has a ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo umswakama. Akhuthaza ukwakheka of dusting engazinzile ukumboza bafake. Idinga enhlanganweni yomsebenzi angawokuphulukisa ukhonkolo hhayi kuhambisane ukulahlekelwa umswakama. Ubulili Ngemva kokuqeda ironed wafafaza amanzi futhi kugcwele isihlabathi noma ukufihla izinto amanzi nemithi. Ukuhlelwa enamathela kungenzeka kuphela uma lapho kungekho amathuba umonakalo ebusweni. Sandy yokukhosela kufanele kube esemanzi njalo. Kukhona futhi ezinye izindlela esaziwa umswakama, kodwa abaqiniseki kahle.

Ukwelapha ngokuvikela amalungiselelo

A ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo zokuzivikela, ezisetshenziswa for sishaye mass eziphathekako zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: zaveza abamnyama, abamhlophe futhi kungekho nto enemibala emihle. Eminyakeni emibili ongakhetha abe nomthelela ezansi ithoni material. ukwakhiwa White zenzelwe beyomboza ukhonkolo okuvela elangeni, ukunciphisa Ukushisa kubangelwa elangeni futhi inciphise intuthu. Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi ukhonkolo has a white izakhiwo ebusweni impahla Ukuvikelwa efanayo emisebe yelanga, okuholela ukwehla amalahle bonke ubuso balo.

Isixazululo resin esetshenziswa lokunameka ebusweni airfields njengoba elapha kuze kuze kube amandla anele adingekayo namanye amacebo lokusamele kwentiwe. Ngenxa umbala omnyama bese ukhulisa ukushisa ukumuncwa, luthi alufane zokuzivikela has a nekghono ephansi kakhulu.

Ukuqamba esekelwe ibitume

enamathela Bituminous ukwandisa izinga lokushisa futhi kuholele ukuhwamuka asebenzayo. izingcindezi Thermal ukwandisa lapho kukhona izindawo elingenalutho, okuyinto enomthelela ukubukeka imifantu. Ngo sezulu liguqubele ibitume izingoma kunganciphisa ngokuhlaziya kodwa boma umoya amandla kawakho umswakama ukuhwamuka. Ukusebenzisa ezimhlophe enamathela snizhet ukushisa eyengeziwe ukumuncwa. Kodwa awukwazi ukuqeda zonke nemibi compounds okuvikela abamnyama njengoba ezinengilazi ezimhlophe ayafa ngaphansi kwethonya zezemvelo. Kunoma yikuphi, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuthi ukuqagela imifantu kungani ukhonkolo, kubalulekile ukuba amboze burlap noma ifilimu, bese moisten indlela evamile.

Ukuze izindiza, kulandele sigcwalisa futhi isicelo tube nemihubhe okunengqondo ezinengilazi of itiyela noma itiyela. Ukuze wehlise ukumuncwa ukushisa, eyenziwe ngomcako ukhonkolo ngaphambi Ukusabalala uyogcwala up.

Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa izindlela zokuzivikela ephawulwe, akha i nokunwebeka okuqinile ifilimu elincanyana. Bengakabi ngazuza okwandile ngenxa focus yayo emincane, kodwa uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, zingabantu wusizo nezomile, kushisa. ukusebenza yabo kwehliselwe ezifundeni ezomile.

nosawoti hygroscopic

Ukwelapha emva thusi futhi kufezeke usebenzisa nosawoti okuyinto ukuncela umswakama imvelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, uma nomswakama isihlobo uwela ngaphansi ezingeni esibucayi, umphumela reverse, esakhiwa ngo ahwamukayo amanzi.