Ukwakhiwa kophahla ngezandla zakhe: izici, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezincomo

Ukwakhiwa kophahla ngokuvamile abanikazi bezindawo ngokwabo. Uma kuziwa umklamo gable, inikeza lula ukusebenza futhi ukufakwa. uhlelo okunjalo kungaba izakhiwo okuthembekile esehlanganise futhi ukwengeza isikhala ephilayo ngaphezulu ngekamelo, uma Sakhiwo sangekhatsi ilungile, ikakhulukazi mayelana engela elikhulu emthambekeni.

Ukukhethwa uhlelo

Ukwakhiwa gable ophahleni hlobo, ungakwazi nokuqalisa uwedwa uma amakhono ukusebenza ukhuni futhi ube imiqondo zobunjiniyela design izikimu. iqhaza enqubeni okhandlayo kufanele uthathe ngosizo abantu abambalwa abazimisele ukwamukela. Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana bi ophahleni ezakhiwe. Ngaphambi kokuba unqume, akhethe okuhle, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi uzobe elise ngaphansi kophahla - isikhala ophilayo noma ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. uphahla Gable ungaba naslonnoy noma isakhiwo uyahlanganyela. umehluko yabo itholakala izakhi obandayo nokubuyisa.

Ulenga Umkhqizi

Ukwakhiwa kophahla kungaba kwenziwe ngesisekelo ukwakhiwa ukulengiswa truss. Uma indlu ayinakho izithiyo capital, uhlelo truss kufanele kube ukuncika kuphela odongeni ohlangothini usebenzisa uhlanganyela i design lula. Kuyinto osebenzayo, uma ibanga phakathi kwezindonga kunesitha ilingane ibanga m 6 kuya ku-14. Uhlanganyela semishayweni siyonikeza umthwalo umxhwele enhloko-dolobha uhlangothi odongeni. Ukuze wehlise ke ukusebenzisa izakhi idayagonali futhi ovundlile yokuxhuma. Bayoba silungise semishayweni bodwa futhi ube amagama alandelayo:

• kokuqina;
• ezivundlile;
• besokunxele;
• ugogo.

Kukhethwa impahla

Elements ukuthi ukusekela uhlelo ukuthi ingalungiswa ukuze ugodo ridge noma imishayo nganoma yingasiphi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezansi kube semishayweni kungenziwa akhiwe kokuqina oluzosiza njengoba imishayo phansi. Ukuze luyakhukhumeza nemishayo yokhuni akhethiwe billet obukhulu, okuyinto kuyiqiniso ngoba okwenzeka lapho elisophahleni kuyinto yokuhlala. Ukwakhiwa kophahla kuhilela ukufakwa Trusses, okuyiwona ibhodi kufanele ibe usayizi 55 x 200 mm.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi

On okuphambene izindonga umthwalo eziveza kufanele sibeke ungangenisi amanzi, njengoba ingaba njengesihluthulelo ukufulela impahla, kubalulekile ukubeka izingqimba eziningana. Top mauerlat fixed, elisetshenziswa nqubo amahange kunesidingo. Le ngxenye ine uhlobo ugodo onamandla, okuyinto uyobasekela futhi semishayweni isilungisiwe. On kuba ibha kokuqina ezizosebenza njengoba joists phansi.

Ukuze mauerlat evame ukusetshenziswa ibha kwesigaba sikwele ne izinhlangothi 120 noma 150 mm. Butt ukuze mauerlat ziyakhula 500 kuya 600 mm imishayo eziveza odongeni embondelene, okuzoba phansi ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Ukuze ukuphepha nenduduzo ku imishayo ngikho okuzokuba ebhodini. Lokhu izohlinzeka lapho sizokwazi ukuxhuma semishayweni.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, ophahleni okuyinto has a design gable, ihlinzeka elibona nxazonke semishayweni kwelinye ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala ihilela ahlabayo emakhoneni kanye kunenze nisondelane amapuleti noma amapuleti lokhuni. Indlela sesibili kuhilela kumiswa anemifantu enisemikhawulweni semishayweni. Ukukhweza Ngakho eyenziwa imishudo. Yekuchumana kungenziwa abethela imishudo ngoba rigidity. Kwezinye izimo, ukwakheka anemifantu kadoti, bese aboshelwe semishayweni, kulobu buchwepheshe sibizwa ngokuthi i-ukugqagqana lwemidlalo.

iseluleko professional

Omunye izinhlelo ebaluleke kakhulu indlu ophahleni. Ukwakhiwa kophahla kunikeza adalule ku mauerlat lokuqala semishayweni ezimbili emva kokuba enamathiselwe. Kusukela le misebenzi incike evenness ka lonke kube semishayweni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinto zisethwe kahle, kufanele bacije anemifantu eyokuma kuze kube semishayweni mauerlat esiphezulu uvalwe.

Ukuze sinikeze rigidity ezengeziwe kuze kube semishayweni, ngaphezu Slots kufanele usebenzise metal emakhoneni, izakhi ukuzisebenzisa anamekwe mauerlat ngezikulufo. Lapho nje lo mbhangqwana wokuqala ka semishayweni ifakiwe, bunch efanayo ivuliwe ehlangothini lwesibili isakhiwo. Phakathi lezi zinto is tensioned intambo ukuthi uyokwenza ezingeni. Ngokusho ke, kufanele kube level zonke pair truss. Phakathi kunomshayo ngemuva kokufakwa ukulungisa ugongolo bulala, esemgwaqweni ngezansi.

Yini kubalulekile ukukhumbula lapho ukusebenza

Imishayo ezifakiwe kokuqina. Uma igumbi ophilayo, ugongolo kufanele ngamakhasimende okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi lwalumenza isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ophahleni. Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa uphahla eminyakeni yamuva uya eyenziwa ngumnikazi impahla bebodwa. Uma uhlela ukwenza igumbi abavamile elisophahleni, kokuqina kumele ibekwe ngezansi bese ukusebenzisa izakhi yokugcizelela ngokuvumelana uhlobo emithambekeni noma Racks ezokwenza ukuxhuma joists nemishayo yokhuni.

Konke ukuxhumeka kumele kuvikelwe i rigidity ngezikulufo noma izipikili, kanye sisabalalise ukudla emakhoneni noma izingcwecwe zensimbi ezilula. Uma uhlelo truss usuphothuliwe, ibhodi ehlanganisa phansi, kufanele screwed noma ebethelwa joists ke ungakwazi uqhubekele ilungiselelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Iinsetjenziswa ophahleni ezithambile

Ukwakhiwa kophahla elithambile, ungaqala esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela amathuluzi:

• ummese;
• isando;
• hacksaw;
• ipensela;
• roulette;
• trowel.

Umsebenzi akudingi amakhono akhethekile. Njengoba kungase okokusebenza esehlanganise ingasetshenziswa Tile ezithambile okuyinto wabeka nge engela ukuthambekela kwalo ebangeni kusuka 12 kuya ku-90 °. Indaba has a isisindo ongaphakeme, ngakho ayinawo umthwalo omkhulu ophahleni. In the isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungiselela isisekelo okuvame ukusetshenziswa kulolu:

• Nhlangothi zombili ibhodi;
• OSB;
• plywood amashidi.

Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe izimo esemqoka umusa ukudalwa surface ngokuphelele flat. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igebe ukupholisa. Ubukhulu bayo 5 cm noma ngaphezulu. Thola hood kumele kube phezulu, ngenkathi kuvulwa supply kufanele kube ezansi. Leli gebe iyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe nesenzakalo frost ebusika, nokwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi ehlobo.

Manje singakwazi ukuqhubeka ukufaka impahla ulwelwesi, it is iphuma out phezu kwawo wonke obuphelele. Njalo cm 20 kumele kuciniswe onqenqemeni, uxhumano kumele kokuvalelwa ingcina. Ubuchwepheshe esigabeni esilandelayo kuhilela ukufakwa bekhetheni komzila, bayoba ziqinisekise ukuthi ziyakuvikela lokhu sheathing kusuka kwezulu. Setha ngesikhathi strip ulwelwesi Cornice, ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni ukuvuza. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukweqelana ka 2 cm. Ukuze sivikele emaphethelweni sheathing kudingeka phambi ipuleti. ukufakwa yabo kungenzeka ukwenza esinyathelweni esilandelayo, ukuhlinzeka ukweqelana efanayo. Fixing Kwenziwa imikhawulo ophahleni ngezipikili ekhethekile.

Amathiphu umsebenzi

esigodini ujenga welula umata, kufanele kube umbala elihambisana izinto ezihlanganisa. Sidinga lesi sici ukubekela eceleni umswakama esigodini. Qinisa emaphethelweni kungaba ziyakhula 10 cm ukufulela izipikili. Manje kufanele uqale ebeka tile. It is agibele amahhashi kanye kulo uphahla futhi isetshenziselwe wenze lokhu base self-Yesigcilikisha.

Le filimu okuvikelayo kufanele zisuswe ngaphambi nje kokuba izindwani obandayo. Qala umsebenzi kusweleka ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi uphahla eziphephile, ngasekupheleni ophahleni. Susa emaphethelweni phansi Tile kusukwa phansi cornice kuyadingeka ngayinye 1 cm. Impahla Ukumboza wokuqala ethe njo futhi ngemva eminye abethelwe. kufanele usike futhi lezo 10 cm imiphetho tile emaceleni. Ukuze uvule strip esigodini ukhaphethi impahla ezigodini zigundiwe kuya ku-15 cm. Ukuze sivikele ophahleni ungqimba aphansi kanjalo kufanele buyela ucezu plywood.

Izindleko umsebenzi

Uma ungenalo ohlela bahlanganyele ukwakhiwa kophahla ngokwakho, khona-ke kufanele sibe nesithakazelo intengo ukwakhiwa ophahla. Ukufakwa lath izobiza ruble 150. ngamunye imitha square. umusi kudivayisi isithiyo kubiza ruble 100. ngamunye imitha square. Uma udinga vimbela ukuhlangana ophahleni, khona-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi bakhokhe ruble 200. ngamunye imitha square.

Ukwakha uphahla metal, ochwepheshe uzokubuza ukufakwa ruble 500 impahla. ngamunye imitha square. Zophahla ezimise okwama-tile izobiza umthengi ruble 300. ngamunye imitha square. Ukusebenzisa inqubo isebenza amathayili usimende-isihlabathi, iqembu uzokubuza ruble 600. ngamunye imitha square.

Izindleko ekwakhiweni kophahla anganikeza olungeziwe ukufakwa umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, cornices ngibopha izobiza ruble 670. imitha ngalinye. Uma kudingeka, iqhwa unogada obandayo extra ukhokha ruble 550. imitha ngalinye. Skylights ezifakiwe ngentengo ruble 5200. yileyo naleyo ingamashekeli.