Ukusungulwa kwe uMkhandlu Wombuso

Ukusungulwa uMkhandlu Wombuso, umzimba kuqala Ephakeme zakonosoveschatelnogo eMbusweni isiRashiya, okwenzeka ngo-1810, unyaka. Wayecabangela izikweletu owasungulwa oNgqongqoshe, ngaphambi kokuba uvume imithetho yombusi. Ukusungulwa kwe-Duma State, kanye ephakeme umzimba zakonosoveschatelnogo iphutha nokusetshenziswa uhlelo lokhetho. Kulokhu omunye amalungu akhethwe yilo mbusi, futhi ezinye kuyakhethwa.

Isikhathi sokuqala ukusungulwa the uMkhandlu Wombuso kwenzeke imiyalelo yoMbusi. Eyokuqala amalungu amathathu nanhlanu babeyizikhonzi zesikhathi (ngokwendlela isimo) futhi wakhetha izicukuthwane omethembayo. UMongameli Uzithola umbusi, futhi akhe ngabikho - aqokwe kuye omunye amalungu eBhodi. Kusukela 1812 kuze 1865 ngonyaka kwaba usihlalo Ephakeme Umzimba we uNdunankulu.

Ukusungulwa kwe uMkhandlu Wombuso wacabangela kumiswa Commission on nokubhalwa imithetho kanye neHhovisi, eliholwa uNobhala kaHulumeni. IHhovisi asebenzelana olugcinwa hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ekuhleleni imibhalo izikweleti athunyelwe sezingxoxo, kanye befeza umsebenzi kulo mthethosivivinywa.

Ukusungulwa kwe uMkhandlu Wombuso aye wavumela ukuba ucabangele izikweletu ngemuva ezingxoxweni zabo eminyangweni. Ngemuva kwemvume ngumthetho uMbusi kuziwa phakathi force. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umbusi kwakungaphumela uyavumelana ne kokubili iningi futhi uMkhandlu WoMbuso amancane ezinhlanga ikani kanye akabadikili yimuphi umbono.

IKomiti lalinabashumayeli chairmen zeminyango. Kuyinto unesibopho ngihlola project tingucuko zezinkonzo.

UMkhandlu State Sabuye saxoxa abasebenzi kanye nezikhungo isabelomali, izikhalazo ezimayelana izincazelo yeminyango iSigele kanye neminye imigwamanda. Lapho izidumbu ophakeme esebenza Commission neticelosikhalo. UMkhandlu Wombuso kwenziwe umsebenzi obalulekile ukuthuthukiswa nokushicilelwa Ikhodi Imithetho futhi ngokugcwele Collection lokuqala Legislative of the Empire, Russian. Ngakho, ngo-1833, unyaka leli zwe lwenzelwe kanye okulungiselelwe amavolumu amathathu lantathu Collection Gcwalisa imiqulu nanhlanu Ikhodi Imithetho. Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Alexander II, uMkhandlu WoMbuso nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni zomthetho nohlaka kwekuhlela kabusha 1860-1870-yalolucwaningo.

Ngemva ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba Manifesto 1905 e-apharathasi zokuphatha izimo kabusha. Ngakho, uMkhandlu Wombuso lalenziwa lwekamelo eliphezulu lika-iPhalamende yezwe. Kule isigamu iphuzu wabahlanganyeli iqondiswa umbusi, futhi engxenyeni yesibili wakhethwa. Ukukhethwa senziwa ngokuhambisana curies professional kanye ekilasini. Amalungu babe abameleli imiphakathi ezihloniphekayo, Zemsky inhlangano yabefundisi kulokhu. Umzimba ophakeme libona bill, wadlula Duma State ngaphambi ukwamukelwa imithetho yombusi. Umbusi ngesikhathi esifanayo ucabangela kuphela labo iziqondiso eziye kugunyazwe kuzo zombili emakamelweni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uMkhandlu kanye Duma kwadingeka amalungelo ezingokomthetho ezihlukile.

Ngo-1917, emva kwempi, High Authority abasekho.

Ukunikeza ukusungulwa kwe-uMkhandlu Wombuso senzeka ngo-1991 ngu- isinqumo uMongameli eU.SSR Gorbachev. Waba futhi onguSihlalo we Supreme umzimba. UMkhandlu Wombuso yayikhona ngaphambi iSoviet Union iwa. Nalapha futhi, lenzeka uMongameli Putin. Ukusungulwa kwe uMkhandlu Wombuso njengoba umzimba ngenhloso yokuthola ivoti elifanele kwaba ngo-2000, ngosuku lokuqala Septhemba. Ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi yayo esiphathiswe iHhovisi likaMengameli we-nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe.

Njengengxenye uMkhandlu Wombuso kukhona abaholi abaphezulu kusukela Federation. Ngokuhambisana isinqumo sikaMongameli nezinye izisebenzi zikahulumeni zingase ekhona emzimbeni.