Ukuphakama "Motherland" (ebaziwe). History of the lesikhumbuzo

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ngokusobala, ngeke kukhohlakale. Too kanzima sanikwa us ahlula. Futhi kuyo yonke imizi lapho, noma isikwele, noma amapaki lapho namaqhawe alo efakwe izikhumbuzo.

Owesifazane ngenkemba

On the adumile Mamayev Hill (Volgograd), lonke Ensemble. It is Kunikezelwa kulabo owanqoba impi ye kwaseStalingrad. isikhungo ngemibono kanye compositional lokhu izakhiwo ezinkulu - ebaziwe, okuyinto emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa. ibizwa ngokuthi "I-Motherland Izingcingo!" Noma kunjalo, akuyena wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi akusilona uqobo ezimele futhi ingxenye triptych, kodwa central.

Ingxenye yesibili ye eziyinkimbinkimbi - ukwakheka "I ezingemuva - onqenqemeni". Wenziwe futhi umi Magnitogorsk. Lolo thando ungalubonisa njengoba usebenza ngezandla iqhawe inkemba. A kokuzihlanganisa nje esifundeni esise-Ural. Futhi siqedile lonke Ensemble ubuye lesikhumbuzo owaziwa - ". EyiQhawe umkhululi" Indawo - Berlin.

eliphakeme

Abaningi banesithakazelo ukuphakama esifanekisweni "I-Motherland" e Volgograd. Impendulo: 85 metres, kanye nokukhula abesifazane - 52 m Isisindo Izakhiwo - 8000 wamathani .. inkemba obuphelele - 3300 cm nesisindo engengaphansi kwengu-14 000 kg.! Lawa "ipasipoti" Amapharamitha kwalo mkhiqizo esiyingqayizivele.

Ngonyaka kwaqedwa ebaziwe kwaba emhlabeni ngobukhulu. Waze bawungenisa Guinness Book of Records. Qhathanisa: i Statue of Liberty kuyinto 46 amamitha imele esisekelweni, kanye nokukhula Kristu (uMhlengi) - 38. kuphela Namuhla, ucabangela ubude indlela "Motherland", izazi wathatha 11 th wakhe indawo uhlu ezikhumbuzo eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Kwakuyisikhathi kudala

Ukwakhiwa yisikhumbuzo wanika libaluleke kakhulu. Sicabangela zonke. Futhi ukuze lokho okulunyonga "Motherland," ukuphakama esifanekisweni. Akugcini iyiphi imali, noma zakhiwa ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje kakhulu. Sacela abaculi engcono. Into esemqoka lapha kwaba evgeniy Vuchetich - Umculi Yabantu zase-USSR, umakadebona kweMpi Yezwe II. Wenzé usuvele lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo amasosha Army Soviet (eminyakeni eyishumi edlule), okuyinto lihlotshiswe Berlin sika Treptow Park. Futhi, umsebenzi wakhe - "izinkemba zibe ngamakhuba". Ukuqopha ihlobisa phambi kwesakhiwo UN eNew York.

ubunjiniyela ithimba Chief ezikhonjwe UNikolai Nikitin - UProfesa wezakhiwo futhi udokotela wesayensi lobuchwepheshe. Esikhathini 50s azidala kwakhiwe eMoscow State University. Esikhathini esizayo, ngeke sikukhokhise ukusebenza Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo. Manje izibalo ezidingekayo yinkimbinkimbi ekhethekile. Ukuze ngalesi ukuphakama yesikhumbuzo superlarge. "Motherland" Volgograd kumelwe singabi nasici.

Ukuze uthole iseluleko kusukela iphuzu lempi umbono wathatha Vasily Chuikov - Marshal. On phambi kwayo, ngokuthi "Commander-isiphepho". Nguye owayala 62 th Army, elingazange sisukele isitha Mamaev Kurgan. Phakathi ekumeleleni kwaseStalingrad, Chuikov necebo amaqembu akhethekile ukushaya. kungazelelwe Angena ngendlov 'iyangena endlini, wedlula kubo ngokusebenzisa Izinsiza ngomshoshaphansi. AmaJalimane akakwazanga ngisho ukutshela lapho igalelo wawa.

Ngemva kwempi, Marshal ukhishwa imisebenzi yakhe yasekuqaleni lesikhumbuzo: kuvunyelwe (ngesicelo sakhe) ukuba wangcwatshwa Mamayev Hill, eduze 34505 amasosha owafa sivikele kwaseStalingrad. Ngo-1982, futhi iningi kwamasosha umkhuzi wawo wangcwatshwa eduze "Motherland".

Architectural nobunjiniyela ithimba wadala sibalo owesifazane (ukuphakama esifanekisweni "I-Motherland", njengoba sishilo, - 85 metres), okwenza nesinamawala, isinyathelo lisebenza phambili. Esandleni sakhe - inkemba eyaphonswa abahlaseli. Kuyinto kungukufanekisa: izwe ishayela abantu empini nesitha.

prototype ye ukubaza

Futhi ngubani ngiyazibuza, wabe esebuza ngoba umbazi? Angenele ukhetho - Valentin Izotov - atholakala ngengozi. Manje umhlalaphansi, umhlali Volgograd. Futhi lapho eseneminyaka engu-26 ubudala. Wayengummeli isikhonzi endaweni yokudlela. Elapho wabona umsizi Vucetic futhi umqophi L. Maystrenko. Wabathanda kakhulu lab 'kanzima ebusweni esiqinile, kwezemidlalo sibalo Izotova, ukubukeka kwalo okunenjongo. Candidacy sivunyiwe.

On umsebenzi ngesikhathi uValentina kwathatha iminyaka emibili. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, kunqubo - engathí kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi i ukuphakama Amazing ebaziwe. "Motherland" e Volgograd futhi eqinisweni lwaduma. Kusuka noma kuphi ukuzobona wakhe, ukuthi ngincome abavikeli yezwe. Ebusuku lesikhumbuzo (ukuphakama "Motherland" Iyamangaza ngempela) ewela ukukhanya searchlights enamandla, futhi umbono uya uqina.

Eqinisweni abathandwayo. Lapho wakhulelwa ukuklama ifulegi kanye elingenamikhono izingalo (Volgograd Region), sanquma ukuba basekele ngal. Okunye imicabango yabantu mina angihlubukanga. Futhi phezu German Democratic Republic Isitembu ekhishwe ngo-1983, iyona emfanekisweni ofanayo.

umsebenzi kunzima

Lapho siya kule ndawo, wena akuqonde ngokugcwele yezimpi. izinyanga engaphezu kwamashumi amane (noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, izinsuku ezingu-140) babe olunegazi, izimpi ezinzima kakhulu iphuzu elilodwa kuphela - ukuphakama inombolo 102. Futhi zonke izingxenye kuleli zwe namanje yingozi. Nakuba uye kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 kusukela kukhona isibhamu kakhudlwana futhi volleys, nabantu egqumeni namuhla bese uthola amagobolondo angaqhuma. Yingakho leyo ndawo behamba wakhetha ukuvuselela ubuqhawe babantu.

Ukwakha lesikhumbuzo engavamile (ukuphakama "Motherland" likhulu kakhulu) esaqala ngo-1959, futhi entwasahlobo. Kwaphela ekwindla ka 1967. Lokho eminyakeni engaphezu kuka eziyisishiyagalombili umsebenzi kwakwenzekani enkundleni. Okokuqala - kubekwa isisekelo kakhonkolo. Setha phezulu kwebhokisi isizinda. Abakhi kulindeleke ukuba abeke esisekelweni itshe. Kodwa lokhu kuwuphawu wesekela likaNobhala Jikelele Khrushchev, wathela phezu amathani ayinkulungwane 150 emhlabeni ngenjongo nakakhulu ukuqinisa isisekelo. Ngakho-ke, phezulu indunduma amazwe namuhla.

Ngaphansi ebaziwe (ukuphakama "Motherland" Kuyamangaza) aminyene (isigamu imitha) ipuleti futhi kumila 16 amamitha.

isakhiwo encishisiwe

Lapho kwaba sibalo ithuba yazalwa ngowesifazana, wena waliphonsa lapha egqumeni. Kodwa uma kungenjalo, uma ukuphakama esifanekisweni "I-Motherland" e Volgograd likhulu kakhulu! Kodwa ezincane (ncamashi kayishumi) kusakhiwo wayemi eduzane. Futhi kancane, ebuka yokugxiviza wathela uqimba ngoba uqimba. Futhi eqoqwe "ngowesifazane." Imishini nge umthwalo efika lapha ubusuku nemini. Yonke into yayenziwa ngendlela kahle kakhulu. Ukhonkolo, isibonelo, wathatha nse liye sandiswe iVolga emifula. Futhi fillers kuso, futhi, wakhethwa ngokucophelela.

Kodwa lapha lonke sibalo usulungile. Khona-ke athatha ikhanda lakhe. Nokho, waphonswa ngokwehlukile. Nesiphakanyisiwe ngendiza enophephela emhlane. Kungenjalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba benze. Ukuphakama "Motherland" akuvunyelwe.

Abaningi ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele ngenkemba. Waqale ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, Unamekwe izingcezu eqinile (eyenziwe titanium). Nokho, umoya ke wazamazama ngokomzwelo kanzima. Yingakho ngo-1972 ukuthi sisuswe lesi sikhali futhi wafaka elinye Uhlaka lwensimbi.

sokubuyiselwa

imisebenzi Ukususwa kwaleso sikhunta kwabiza kwenziwe 1972 futhi ngo-1986. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, sasi- ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwalo. Phela, ukuphakama lesikhumbuzo "I-Motherland" Volgograd kancane ukusho ehloniphekile. Kuyinto enkulu! Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi konke izinguquko, ukuguga buthakathaka. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukushuba we izindonga obuphathekayo lesikhumbuzo -. 25-30 cm Ngaphakathi, ke yakhiwa amaseli ezinkulu ngabanye. Uhlaka kukodwa kunzima, kodwa babeke 119 izintambo kusukela metal okuhlala. Futhi njalo ibhekene ukungezwani enamandla.

inkemba Heavy naye nje usayizi emangalisayo omkhulu we zithonye emoyeni. Futhi lapho, lapho wayebethelwe khona enamathiselwe esandleni sowesifazane, kwaphakama pereizbytochnoe voltage. Umklamo we inkemba zikhubazekile nge sikhathi. Ngakho lokho wasebenza futhi inkinga.

umbukiso phansi

Kusukela ukuphakama "Motherland" mkhulu, futhi kufanele ukuthola ngalo obumbeni zenhlabathi, kancane kancane beya phansi iVolga, izazi ziye bahlabe umkhosi. Phela, esifanekisweni kungase igoqe. Yena osevele waqhubekela 214 mm. Futhi cishe 80 wamaphesenti izibalo ovumelekile kokuqala ngayinye. Kodwa ochwepheshe bathi amandla kuhlelwe engakaze isiphelile.

Wakhulelwa le phrojekthi ngezwa ngingayithandi 272 mm. Futhi base yayo kancane zikhubazekile. Vele into kwezinkambiso wathatha mm 90 kuphela. Ngemva komunye bayobuyiselwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside.