Ukubika - Iyini?

umbiko Uhlobo uthandwa kakhulu emaphephandabeni Russian kanye angaphandle kusukela kudala. Ayikho ukushicilelwa self-ukuhlonipha ngeke akwenze ngaphandle-ke, ngoba luvula plethora Imininingwane ukubika amathuba lelandzisako I-intatheli ukusiza ukuwudlulisela umfundi lemali ulwazi mayelana umcimbi wamanje noma ngokoqobo nomphakathi.

Igama elithi "umbiko"

Incazelo kuka umbiko uhlukile ekuchazweni uhlobo. Ngakho, ukubika - journalism iyinhlangano uhlobo lolwazi injongo yayo eyinhloko ukudluliswa kolwazi olufanele ngqo kusuka yesehlakalo, okungukuthi, "amehlo" umlobi. Lokhu kusiza ukwakha umfundi acabange ukuthi kuyinto ekhona inqubo yentuthuko imicimbi, ubona konke kuchazwe umbiko.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama elithi 'umbiko "Uvele isiRashiya kusukela umbiko ngesiNgisi, okusho" ukudlulisa ". Ukuhunyushwa kwalesi umqondo ngokwako kukhawulela kwenkululeko izinhlobo Imininingwane yokubika simiso journalism, kusukela ulwazi sokudlulisa - hhayi ukuba sihlaziye kubo, funa ubuhlobo, ukuphenya ngembangela futhi ukwazi ukucabanga yalokho okungase kulandele. Umbhali nje has ukutshela izilaleli lokho ebona uqaphela imininingwane ethile encane kodwa elibalulekile elifundiswa awabonakali iso abavamile, futhi ukusiza abamukeli kwenza kube nokwenzeka sicace okwenzekayo, ababekhona ngesikhathi abantu yesehlakalo ngemvelo.

umlando yokubika

Ngo kokuqala value ababika - ke uphawula lezihambi, abantu ababekhona ngesikhathi ikhomishini izandla isimangaliso uNkulunkulu, kungekho izingozi, nokunye D. Kwakungeyona uhlobo okuyihaba, futhi, omunye angase ithi, wazalwa ngaphambi kwakhe, phambi. kwathiwa kanjani benziwa uhlelo ngalokulingene.

Omunye Abadali lokuqala yokubika unwitting khona usosayensi lasendulo isiGreki isihambi uHerodotus, ngubani uhlole-Asia Minor, aseBalkan naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Waloba konke akubonayo. La marekhodi kuthiwa ibalwe eqondisa umagazini ukuthi, eqinisweni, kwaba indaba.

Njengoba sekunama- yokunyathelisa washintsha umbiko. Kwakuthinta cishe akha uhlobo okuyinto izintatheli ziphathwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngekhulu le-18 eNgilandi abasebenzi iphephandaba Unelungelo ukuya emihlanganweni ePhalamende futhi udlulisele ulwazi "endaweni yesehlakalo." Izintatheli wezwa Imininingwane ifasitela lokuzula, thatha amanothi mayelana abahlanganyeli umhlangano, umkhathi kanye impahla elihambisana ebhaliwe, yebo, ku uhlobo yokubika.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 e Melika naseYurophu kwaba "yokuchuma" indaba. Uhlobo ekugcineni wathatha ijamo yazuza izici namuhla. Izintatheli Nginakile ekhethekile yokuya endaweni ababengayazi emhlabeni (amahlathi, emahlathini), kanye izimfihlakalo umphakathi ezizungezile, ubugebengu kwenqubomgomo kakhulu kwakunzima ubembule. Uilyam Sted, uNellie Bly, Genri Stenli - lawa nje izintatheli ambalwa abaye basebenza uhlobo of "yokubika". Lawa kwakungamadodana amakhosi wangempela izikebhe zabo, abahlupheka kakhulu umzamo izinyathelo sokulungisa noma iyiphi inkinga.

izinhlobo yokubika

Imihlobo kunazo yesiteleka alandisa kaningi lolu hlobo zihlanganisa umcimbi Ukusabalala, imibiko ezikhethekile, ukubika, uphenyo kanye nokubika, ukuhlaziya.

Izinkundla yokubika - lena indaba izigameko ezibalulekile neziphuthumayo, kanye izenzakalo lapho ukubaluleka kwazo kwangaphakathi, futhi hhayi kuphela incazelo. Umbhali akatsheli konke akubonayo. Kudingeka sithathe amaqiniso yesiteleka kakhulu futhi iziqephu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulesi Umbiko - ukudala "khona nomphumela".

umbiko Special - ke uhlobo, kufaka ukuthuthukiswa kanye nencazelo izihloko ezihlobene, kanye izilaleli bajwayelane Imiphumela kunoma isiphi isimo.

Yokubika, uphenyo Kuhlanganisa ukuthola ulwazi kwezinye izimo eziyinkinga ezivela emithonjeni amaningi, usebenzisa izingxoxo ukucacisa wonke isithombe okwenzekayo.

Umbiko-amazwana igxile ukutadishwa ubuso zezenzakalo ezichazwe. Umbhali kufanele ukuqonde futhi sichaze yonke imininingwane.

Umsebenzi, umenziwa indlela yokubika

Kuyinto kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa lezi nemingcele kuyadingeka elichaza noma yikuphi uhlobo lesibonwa. Ngakho, isihloko nokubika izenzo isenzakalo esibalulekile langempela, okuzoba ezithakazelisayo emphakathini. Umsebenzi kuyinto ukuze uthumele i-copyright yokuvela, zichazele kahle ngokuzokwenzeka okwenzekayo. Indlela - ukudalwa abamukeli "kokuba khona nomphumela".

Ukwakheka yokubika

Ukubhala umbiko abukhali, okuzoba ezithakazelisayo ukufunda, kudingeka ulandele isakhiwo ethile. Singasho yizinqamu ezintathu: esichasiselweni yesenzo (kufanele lifake amehlo umcimbi elikhanyayo), the main okuyingxenye (incazelo okwenzekayo) futhi imiphumela yokubika (sengqondo komlobi umcimbi amazwana yakhe). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umbiko - akuyona uhlobo kohlaziyo, ngakho intatheli uma ubhala okokusebenza akufanele ufune izimbangela, ubudlelwano futhi wenze izibikezelo.