Uhlobo Old izincwadi Russian

izincwadi Old Russian evela izikhathi Kievan Rus. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka ayisishiyagalombili uye besibhekene izigaba eziningana ukuthuthukiswa. Eyokuqala - kuyinto ukuvela zezimbali izincwadi Kievan Rus. Le mpikiswano iphathelene ngesizathu izinganekwane lwamaSlav, lo ngomlomo abantu nokufunda (emva kusungulwa NobuKristu) isipiliyoni etemibhalo waseByzantium futhi Bulgaria.

Manje esinawo ezimbili izinhlobo izikhumbuzo izincwadi Old Russian: original kanye elihunyushwe. Nge ukwamukelwa of Christianity, ukwakhiwa amathempeli kanye nokwethulwa imfundo esikoleni liye lenyuka ukufunwa izincwadi esonto lobuKristu, izincwadi zemikhuleko. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni izincwadi elihunyushwe ogunyaziwe Church (Paterik, izimpilo, izincwadi waseBhayibhelini njll). izincwadi ehunyushiwe wafika Russia ziqhamuka waseByzantium. It amazwe kwasekuqaleni ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba izidingo ezingokoqobo nkolo entsha yobuKristu. Isebenza hhayi kuphela alondolozwe ngokucophelela futhi kuphinde okungukuthi ama-career abo etemibhalo baqhubeka ngezizathu zenhlalakahle kanye zomlando namasiko amasha.

D. Likhachev waveza ukuthi eByzantium wathutha kude zonke izinhlobo zezincwadi Old Russian. Ezinye ungazange behlakaniphe emhlabathini wethu, futhi abanye zadalwa kabusha, iyodwa. Lokhu kungenxa etigabeni letehlukene ekukhuleni komphakathi zaseByzantium Old. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, usebenza zezinkondlo, zolimi olubhalwa, futhi kwahunyushelwa conceptualized ngezindlela ezintsha. Okwenzeka izimbongi lokuqala Bulgarian akuzange kumenze ukuqhubeka eRussia. Kungokufanayo kunjalo izaga. EByzantium, baqala ukuqoqa wangekhulu le-12, futhi iqoqo izaga Russian waqala kuphela ekhulwini le-17. Kule kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka sokwakha izinhlobo izincwadi Old Russian kuya WaseByzantium uhlobo uhlelo. Eyayiyikho emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko.

I izinhlobo eziyinhloko izincwadi zasendulo ethulwa imilando, 'izimfundiso' imisebenzi hagiographic (menology) eyiqaphuqaphu-nozwela temibhalo yephrozi.

Abaningi babo kwakungabantu ezifunwayo amasevisi. Ngezenzo wasebenzisa imibhalo waseBhayibhelini, eyahunyushwa ososayensi-othisha uCyril noMethodius nabafundi zabo ngolimi lwesiGreki. Ezinye izinhlobo kwezincwadi Old Russian senzelwe olukhandlayo ukuphila Izigodlo. isiqondiso walo uye ngisho ngasese ukufunda, lapho kuye kwaba izinhlobo eziningana silokhu sithi, Uhlala.

Njengengxenye ezinye izinhlobo baye basungula umkhiqizo omusha (isibonelo, izimpilo ezintsha kancane kancane kwavela mayelana nesigameko nokunxusa santa). Abanye anqunyelwe ububanzi eminye imikhiqizo, kanye nokwethulwa abasha akuvunyelwe (iVangeli, amaHubo, taPawula zabaPhostoli). Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, Bobabili baqhubeka izici zabo esisemthethweni.

amasiko Ngaphansi eboshiwe abangu okuthiwa 'wokuziphilisa' izinhlobo zezincwadi Old Russian. Nokho, babengakwazi wokuziphilisa okuqukethwe nenhloso ukufunda emhlabeni. Basuke ungaboshwa yokukhulekela (nakuba futhi kwadingeka ingqikithi isonto), ukuba nezikhathi ezithile zokuphila komuntu ingafundwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngakho akazange abe izimpawu elawula zangaphandle. Lezi izinhlobo, futhi, beza eBulgaria futhi wayiyisa eByzantium, zihlanganisa imisebenzi zomlando ( "The Tale of kweJerusalema," Iosifa Flaviya, "Devgenievo isenzo"), zemihla ngemihla kanye Apocrypha. Laba yokugcina hhayi ungcwelisiwe isonto futhi wabhala isihloko Old and New Testament, okuyinto kulekelelwa futhi elicwengisiswe iBhayibheli. Amaqhawe ethandwa kakhulu-Apocrypha kwakungamadodana zabaphostoli uPetru noPawulu, u-Eliya noMose; Esinye sezibonelo esicace msebenzi - "Ukuhamba Virgin ngokusebenzisa Hogo."

Kusukela ngekhulu le-12, izincwadi Old Russian isivele ifinyelele ezingeni yentuthuko ukuthi hhayi kuphela hhayi emi namanje, kodwa nazo zathonywa ukuthuthukiswa isiko lamazwe aseBalkan.