Uhambo ku-intanethi. I-URL-ikheli

Ukusebenzisa i-Internet isiyindlela evamile kangangokuthi ngokuvamile siye musa noma ucabange kithi mayelana nenjongo amathuluzi ukuthi sisebenzisa njalo. Lapho udinga ukusebenzisa isixhumanisi, akwanele ubani ukubangela izinkinga. Kuphakathi sikulungele unamathisele kusiphequluli sakho, thwebula software, ebhokisini elifanele ku-server yakho I-Web, njll, Noma bebodwa ukuthole, ngokuvamile phezulu emkhakheni ezifanele yesiphequluli sakho. Ngakho "isixhumanisi" elithi umsebenzisi isilinganiso akubangi izinkinga, kodwa lapho umbuzo uwukuthi ukuthola i-URL-ikheli, babelemisebenzi eminye imbangela nobunzima ezithile.

Enkabeni yalo, amabili basondelene kakhulu. I-URL ibukeka akuhlukile ikhodi okufakiwe, okuyinto ngokuvamile ukubiza inkomba. Ukubukeka URL (i isifinyezo ngokugcwele igama imininingwane yemibala) izwe abalamacala Tim Berners-Lee, odume ngokuba inhlangano Geneva European Research Council emkhakheni zenuzi ezaziwayo. Kubonakala sengathi i-URL-ikheli ngo-1990 njengendlela ucacise amakheli yefayelaq ke lalisetshenziswa kube inkomba yokuthi indawo umthombo Web ku-intanethi. I-URL siqukethe igama ifayela ngqo, indlela ekhasini nesizinda.

Phakathi izinzuzo eziningi possessed URL-ikheli, kusimo yayo enkulu ukusetshenziswa e inqubo ekhuluma kuphela kwama-alfabhethi esiLatini, ngisho isethi encipha kwezimpawu. Ukusetshenziswa izinhlamvu akufakiwe kulolu hlu, kuholela yokuthi ngaphansi kwethonya algorithm wekhodi esetshenziswa senzeka hexadecimal. Kulokhu, i-URL-ikheli Umuntu ulahlekelwa zonke efundeka limelela iqoqo amadijithi nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.

Yiqiniso, eziyimbangela yalokhu sina kwephule i nezinye izilimi, okwaholela ukuvela komhlaba jikelele inkomba Iri amasayithi lapho isivele ikhona ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinhlamvu Unicode.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-URL-ikheli inezigaba eziningana ayimpoqo. Ekuqaleni olandelwayo eqoshiwe, kulandzelwe yikholoni futhi amasileshi ezimbili phakathi kwekamu kumele ikhombe domain kanye ne-port, bese ngokusebenzisa enalokho kuthambekela olulodwa icacisa indlela futhi ifayela igama ngqo uqobo.

Ngaphansi olandelwayo Kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe izindlawu kusho uhlobo lwenkonzo Inthanethi. Ngokuvamile, lokhu http. ukusetshenziswa ikhasi layo abavamile sewebhu, ulwazi kuleli cala lungabhalwanga. Https olandelwayo imithombo esetshenziswa ulandela mayelana nokuphepha kwabo. Lapho isebenza nabo, ngemfihlo lonke ulwazi okumele ngobulili. Uma kucacisiwe olandelwayo FTP, kusho ukuthi yokulayisha athula Kwenziwa ngokuqondile iseva lapho indawo ikhona. ifayela Symbol usebenzisa ukucinga amafayela kwikhompyutha yakho.

Usokhaya sizinda kunqunywa aphethe (I-Sebawoti http okuzenzakalelayo - www). Domain - igama lesizinda esetshenziswa kuwebhu. Ngaphansi port ukuqonda inombolo port for the (http okuzenzakalelayo - 80) aphethe. Indlela, efana lokuzulazula uhlelo ifayela ye-computer, sibonisa ukubekwa ikhasi iseva (kungenzeka zingatholakali uma idokhumenti lwemibhalo impande isayithi). lefayela ecacisiwe igama idokhumenti noma isisetshenziswa.