Ubulili chromatin

Ngokuvamile e zabesifazane ezingane kanye andrology kunesidingo azokuqhubela luhlolo zofuzo zesiguli. Le ndlela ivumela eziqinile ukuze kutholakale imbangela isifo Kuvezwe, pick up the ukwelashwa ezidingekayo futhi ukucacisa umhlahlo ekuthuthukiseni izifo.

Ubulili chromatin - i Isikhombisi esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ezivamile zobulili emangqamuzaneni. Ihlahlubo wakhe kubalulekile ezimweni lapho kuziwa anomalies e nokwakheka Izitho zangasese zangaphandle. Isifundo siqhutshwa njengoba ukuthola izifo ezibangwa chromosomal kwezinso ebukhoneni kahle nentuthuko ngokobulili. Isizathu salokhu zingakhiqiza ukungabi zokwehlukaniswa emantombazaneni ne hypoplasia ezikhiqiza amaqanda noma ukunciphisa umsebenzi wabo abafana.

Ubulili chromatin elaqala ukutholwa ngu usosayensi John. Ibha ngo-1949. Ukuqhuba ucwaningo of ezinzwa amakati, yathi azungeze kumiswa nucleus chromatin. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sici esibalulekile amaseli zesifazane ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo kubonakele ku iningi abamele oda ezincelisayo. Amaseli besilisa corpuscles enjalo azitholakalanga. UBarr umzimba kuyingxenye yazo zonke omzimba abesifazane. Futhi kwezinye izimo has uhlobo ezihlobene ( "drumsticks"). iseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo - izingxenye ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Lezi zihlanganisa wonke amangqamuzana omzimba ngaphandle gametes. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso bavunyelwe ukwandisa umqondo izindlela ubulili kunquma abantu nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Ukuba khona owesifazane umzimba uBarr imizimba ngenxa yokubakhona lamaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo ku-X chromosome amabii. Ngaphezu kwalokho umsebenzi has kuphela omunye wabo. Yingakho kumaseli yabesifazane siyohlale umzimba Barr. Lo mbono uphinde bavunyelwe ukuthola anomalies ekuthuthukiseni umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, esitokisini Ama-chromosomes e ezintathu kuzodingeka ithole amabili, amane - amathathu, njll Ukuxilongwa ukuthuthukiswa cell normal ingasetshenziswa kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Kusukela ngo-1953, lokhu okutholakele iye yasetshenziswa kakhulu ukucacisa ngqo inani X chromosome kubantu abanokukhubazeka zentuthuko.

chromatin ngokocansi noma uBarr umzimba, kanye mass amnyama sifana oyindilinga, esingunxantathu noma induku emise, okuyinto etholakala eduze kwamanzi engaphakathi ulwelwesi zenuzi. Lokhu ngasebenzi X-chromosome, okuyinto by ubukhulu bayo lingaphansi kuka 1 Micron. Ukuthola uBarr izindikimba amaseli 10-12% of the ucwaningo lubonise chromatin ngokobulili omuhle. Ucwaningo impahla ngokuvamile siphumelelisa loku epithelium we mucosa buccal (ebusweni kwangaphakathi), sangasese, izinwele follicle futhi amniotic fluid. Uma lesi sibalo ingeqi 5%, sikhombisa i chromatin ngokobulili ezimbi.

Ubulili chromatin kubangela umehluko nuclei interphase e kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso izici isebenze izinhlelo zangasese nokwakheka kwawo. Barr umzimba ezimbili: Y no X. I samuntu sokuqala isakhi isakhi Y-chromosome futhi itholwa ikakhulu amadoda. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo fluorochrome usebenzisa oku-ultraviolet. X-chromatin (uBarr umzimba) - is inactivated X chromosome. ukungaqaliswa kwalo kwenzeka emavikini okuqala wokukhula kwengane esiswini futhi lilondolozwe mitosis isikhathi eside.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi chromatin ubulili - isakhiwo ashukumisayo. It ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu isimo jikelele zomzimba kokudla amaseli. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqhuba ucwaningo is hhayi Kunconywa ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa amalungiselelo hormone, ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa, ngemva ukuphuza imithi elwa namagciwane kanye nezinye izidakamizwa.

Namuhla, phambi ubulili chromatin odokotela ukunquma ocansini genetic ingane, kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo amafomu ahlukahlukene basemtholampilo dysgenesis gonadal futhi hermaphroditism. Assays zokukhomba ingxenye kabanzi umkhuba forensic.