UbuJuda - UbuJuda kuyinto ... Kuyini yehluke kwezinye izinkolo? Ingqikithi UbuJuda

UbuJuda - ingenye izinkolo endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka BC mina ekhulwini eJudiya lasendulo. Umlando izinkolelo is ngqo exhumene abantu bamaJuda kanye nomlando wayo ocebile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa isimo isizwe kanye nezimpilo nabameleli bayo abaHlakazekile.

inhliziyo

Labo abathi lolu kholo, bethi abaJuda. Abanye abalandeli baphikisa ngokuthi inkolo yabo yaqala ezinsukwini zika-Adamu no-Eva e Palestine. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ubuJuda - Licembu lelincane zezenkolo labantu abayimizulane. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Abrahama oye wenza isivumelwano noNkulunkulu, leso kwaba isikhundla eyisisekelo inkolo. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo mbhalo, okuyinto yaziwa kithi njengoba imiyalo, abantu kwakumelwe bebophekile ukuba balandele imithetho ukuphila zenzisa. Kunalokho, ukuvikelwa ukulungele nguNkulunkulu.

Imithombo eyinhloko Izifundo Jewish - iTestamente Elidala kanye neBhayibheli lilonke. Inkolo uyavuma ezintathu kuphela izinhlobo zamabhuku: abanye abaprofethi, abanye zomlando Torah - ukushicilelwa, yokuchaza umthetho. A ITalmud ongcwele kakhulu, ehlanganisa izincwadi ezimbili: Mishna kanye Gemara. Yena, ngenhlanhla, ulawula zonke izici zokuphila, kuhlanganise nokuziphatha, nokuziphatha kanye ngisho umthetho: komthetho we-civil kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu. Ukufunda iTalmud - Umsebenzi engengcwele ebalulekile, zihlanganyela kumaJuda kuphela avunyelwe.

umehluko

Isici esiyinhloko inkolo iwukuthi uNkulunkulu ebuJudeni ayinakho ukuma. Ngamanye izinkolo empumalanga lasendulo uSomandla luvamise noma ngesimo indoda noma wafana nesilwane. Abantu baye bazama ahlatiye ndaba yemvelo nangokomoya, ukubenza liqondakale abafayo. Kodwa amaJuda, ufunda iBhayibheli, ukusibiza ukukhonza izithombe, njengoba incwadi eyinhloko amaJuda ukulahla ngokunamandla servility ngaphambi imifanekiso eqoshiwe noma izithombe.

Njengoba UbuKristu, kukhona ke kukhona umehluko ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, uNkulunkulu ebuJudeni engabanga nandodana. Kristu, bakholwa, wayengumuntu ovamile ofayo, umshumayeli zokuziphatha amazwi zenzisa umprofethi wokugcina. Okwesibili, inkolo yamaJuda kuyinto kazwelonke. Lokho isakhamuzi yezwe ngokuzenzakalelayo iba umJuda, abangenalo ilungelo kamuva amukele enye inkolo. inkolo National esikhathini sethu - esifuze. Kuphela ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi simanga yanda. Namuhla, lihlonishwa kumaJuda kuphela, ebe egcina ungubani futhi nokuthi ungubani abantu.

abaprofethi

EbuJudeni, kuba umuntu oqhubeka isisindo intando kaNkulunkulu. Ngosizo imiyalo onke ifundisa abantu: abantu ngcono, bathuthukise izimpilo zabo esizayo, ukuthuthukisa ngokwengqondo nangokomoya. Ngubani kungaba mprofethi, uNkulunkulu uyazinqumela - UbuJuda uthi. Inkolo alikwenqabeli ukuphuza ukuthi choice zingqubuzane ukufa, okuyinto ngokuphelele engathandi ukuthatha emahlombe abo lokhu enomsebenzi obalulekile. Unika esibonelweni sikaJona, ngubani ngisho wazama ukubaleka onqenqemeni emhlabeni emisebenzini yakhe siqu engcwele.

Ngaphandle kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha nabaprofethi umoya futhi clairvoyant. Bona wabikezela esizayo, wanikeza iseluleko esibalulekile egameni Supreme iphathwa izifo ezihlukahlukene, ngisho waba nengxenye ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Ahiya kwaba umeluleki siqu kaYarobheham, umsunguli nombuso wakwa-Israyeli, u-Elisha - nomthelela ushintsho lobukhosi Daniel - uhulumeni eliholwa yena. Izimfundiso nabaprofethi bangaphambili afakiwe izincwadi Tanakh kamuva - ekhishwe izimo ehlukile. Abathandwayo, kodwa abashumayeli, ngokungafani nezinye izinkolo zasendulo abakholelwa kusungulwa "yokuchuma", lapho zonke izizwe abayophila ukuthula nokuchuma.

Imisinga UbuJuda

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka amaningi khona, inkolo ibilokhu kugucuka eziningi kanye ukuhlela kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, abameleli bayo zahlukaniswa amakamu amabili: the amaJuda adla ngoludala kanye abashisekeli bezinguquko. ONgcwele Okokuqala banamathele emasikweni okhokho babo futhi musa ukwethula emisha ezinkolelweni zakhe futhi canons. Okwesibili, kunalokho, wamukela Amathrendi ovulekile. Abashisekeli bezinguquko bagunyaze imishado phakathi kwamaJuda abameleli bezinye izinkolo, ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo uthando kanye nomsebenzi zabesifazane njengoba urabi. AmaJuda Orthodox baphile ikakhulukazi engxenyeni enkulu Israyeli yesimanje. I abashisekeli bezinguquko - e-US naseYurophu.

Ukuzama ukuyekethisa phakathi kwala makamu amabili ayephikisana baba okulondoloza yobuJuda. Inkolo, okwaphumela ukusakaza ezimbili, uthole phansi phakathi kule zamagama emisha kanye nesiko. Emthethweni azibalulekile ukwethulwa isitho umculo nezintshumayelo olimini ekhaya ezweni. Kunalokho, masiko kubalulekile njengoba ukusoka, iSabatha nokusanhlamvu uRuthe, awazange asithinte. Nomaphi umkhuba UbuJuda eRussia, e-United States noma imibuso yaseYurophu, wonke amaJuda agcine yokwehlayo ecacile, ukulalela abadala izikhundla ezingokomoya.

imiyalo

Ziyakwazi ngoba amaJuda - abangcwele. Abamele abantu bakholelwa ukuthi phakathi noshushiso eziningi nokululazeka isizwe sasinda futhi zaqhubeka ungubani kuphela ngokusebenzisa inhlonipho canons kanye nemithetho. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zinsuku awukwazi ukuya ngokumelene nabo, ngisho noma kusengozini ingukuphila yayo. Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa isimiso 'umthetho wezwe - umthetho "kwamiswa emuva BC III ekhulwini. Ngokusho kwakhe, iziqondiso isimo ziyisibopho zonke izakhamuzi ngaphandle kokukhetha. Khona manjalo amaJuda nawo kufanele njengoba siqotho echelons eliphakeme kwamandla, bavunyelwe ukuba baveze ukunganeliseki kuphela ekuphileni zenkolo nezomkhaya.

Ukuhambisana iMiyalo Eyishumi etholwe nguMose eNtabeni YaseSinayi aqala - ngokuyisisekelo yobuJuda. Futhi owayevelele kubo - ukugujwa komkhosi Shabbat ( "Shabbat"). Lolu suku olukhethekile, ngempela kufanele anikelwe ukuphumula nomthandazo. NgeMigqibelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi nokuvakasha, ngisho ukupheka ukudla akuvunyelwe. Futhi abantu babengenayo Belambile, ziyalwa ukuba zenze ngowokuqala futhi izifundo yesibili ntambama ngoLwesihlanu - kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kusengaphambili.

Izwe futhi indoda

UbuJuda - inkolo ogxile legend of ekudalweni kwezwe uNkulunkulu. Ngokusho kwakhe, izwe azidalile ebusweni amanzi, ukuchitha lokhu enomsebenzi obalulekile izinsuku eziyisithupha. Ngakho, umhlaba nakho konke okuphilayo okukuwo - endalweni kaNkulunkulu. Umuntu, umphefumulo wakhe njalo samanje izimiso ezimbili: okuhle nokubi, okuyizinto ngxabano njalo. idemoni Dark ingakwesokunene ke basemhlabeni ezinjabulweni, ukukhanya - ukuba benze izenzo ezinhle nentuthuko engokomoya. Le mpi waqala ukubonisa ngesimo ukuziphatha kwabantu.

Njengoba sekushiwo, abalandeli UbuJuda maningakholwa kuphela ekuqaleni khona kwezwe, kodwa ukuphela kwayo kamuva uhlobo - the "inkathi yokuchuma". Umsunguli kuyoba uMesiya iNkosi, lo unguKristu, abayobusa abantu kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi, umlethe ukuchuma inkululeko. Kuwo wonke isizukulwane kukhona inselele ezingaba, kodwa umzukulu kaDavide kweqiniso, ubelokhu kancane kancane ukuba ugcine imiyalo, nenhliziyo ehlanzekile futhi umphefumulo, ezimiselwe ukuba abe uMesiya agcwele.

Marriage and Family

Bona unamathisele kubaluleke kakhulu. Umuntu akumelwe ibe umndeni, ukungezwakali kwawo kubhekwa ukuhlambalaza, futhi ngisho isono. UbuJuda - kuyinto inkolelo ngobuze okuyinto ukujeziswa kweziboshwa okubi kunakho ofayo. Indoda nomkayo uma emva kweminyaka 10 sishadile, wabeletha ingane yakhe yokuqala. ifa sezenkolo usekhona noma umndeni, ngisho zokushushiswa komphakathi wamaJuda, isitokisi ngasinye kumelwe bagcine amasiko namasiko abantu bayo.

Indoda kumele anikeze umkakhe ngokuyothenga izinto, konke okudingayo: indawo yokuhlala, ukudla, izingubo. umsebenzi wayo - ukuthenga ke uma ekuthunjweni, ukungcwatshwa ngendlela ehloniphekile, ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi egula, abahlinzeke ngamakhaya, uma owesifazane uhlala umfelokazi. Kwenzeka okufanayo izingane ndawonye: abazange uneminye kudingeka lutho. Sons - kuze kube yobudala, indodakazi yakhe - kuze isithembiso. Kunalokho, le ndoda, njengoba inhloko yomkhaya inelungelo nengeniso nengxenye yayo yesibili, amafa kanye nezimiso zayo. Angaba ifa isimo yomkakhe bese ulisebenzise imiphumela zomsebenzi izinjongo zabo. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umfelokazi unesibopho ukushada umfowabo omdala ukuba umyeni wakhe, kodwa kuphela uma lowo mshado engenabantwana.

izingane

Ubaba futhi has a lot of yemfanelo izindlalifa. NgeNdodana kufanele uyinikele ubuqili ukukholwa obekuzakwambulwa ushumayela incwadi engcwele. UbuJuda kusekelwe Torah futhi uhlola ingane ngaphansi kweso umzali. Umfana ngosizo akhethiwe izikebhe amakhosi, intombazane - uthole isipho esihle. Abazali lamaJuda abasha uhlonishwa, enze imiyalelo yabo futhi ungalokothi perechat kubo.

Kufika iminyaka 5 endleleni yekukholwa izingane wahlanganyela nonina. It ufundisa izingane imithandazo eziyisisekelo nemiyalo. Ngemva bathunyelwa esikoleni esinagogeni, lapho bafunda konke ukuhlakanipha kweBhayibheli. Ukuqeqeshwa senzeka ngemva kwesikole noma ngeSonto ekuseni. Okubizwa ngokuthi iningi zenkolo litholakala at iminyaka engu-13 abafana, amantombazane - ukuze 12. Kulesi senzakalo, uhlele imikhosi ehlukahlukene umndeni, okuyinto zifanekisela yokungena lomuntu omdala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izidalwa abasha kufanele njalo ukuya esinagogeni futhi nikhomba kokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu, futhi uqhubeke okwengeziwe ngokujulile kutadishwa iTorah.

The main amaholide Jewish

Main - iPhasika, amaJuda agubha entwasahlobo. Umlando yomsuka buhlobene eduze inkathi lapho ephuma eGibhithe. Imemori lezo zenzakalo amaJuda udle isinkwa esenziwe ngamanzi ufulawa - matzo. Phakathi ukushushiswa kwabantu awunaso isikhathi ukupheka amakhekhe egcwele, okuqukethwe kanjalo uzakwabo lisiphinda. Futhi etafuleni zingabantu nemifino ebabayo - uphawu ukugqilazwa waseGibhithe.

Phakathi Eksodusi futhi beqala ukujabula New Year - Rosh Shana. Lokhu Septhemba umkhosi ushumayela umbuso kaNkulunkulu. Ngalo kanye lolo suku uJehova uzokwahlulela isintu futhi kubeka isisekelo izenzakalo eziyokwenzeka abantu ngonyaka ozayo. Sukkot - kungenye ekwindla usuku olubalulekile. Ngomkhosi amaJuda, ngibonga uNkulunkulu, amagatsha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa abahlala izakhiwo zesikhashana Sukkah obude.

Hanukkah - futhi umcimbi kakhulu enkolweni yobuJuda. Celebration - uphawu ngokunqoba ezinhle phezu okubi, ukukhanya - phezu ebumnyameni. Kuvele njengendlela inkumbulo sezimangaliso eziyisishiyagalombili owenzeka phakathi ukuvukela kwabantu uhulumeni isiGreki yaseSiriya. Ngaphezu kwalezi nemigubho ezinkulu amaJuda nawo ukugubha Tu-Bishvat, Yom Kippur, Shavuot, nabanye.

Imikhawulo ukudla

YobuJuda, ubuKristu, ubuSulumane, ubuBuddha, ubuConfucian - inkolo ngayinye has izici zayo siqu, ezinye zazo asidlulisela ukupheka. Ngakho, amaJuda singadli ukudla "ongcolile": yama kotshi amahhashi, namakamela izinyoni. Baye uvinjelwe oyster, izimfanzi kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle. ukudla Proper ebuJudeni libizwa kosher.

Kazi inkolo liyakwenqabela ayigcinanga ngokufuna imikhiqizo, kodwa futhi inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Ngokwesibonelo, Taboo - yobisi inyama izitsha. Ukubusa banamathela zonke zokudla, nemishayo, amathilomu canteens Israyeli. Ukuze lezi izitsha babe kude komunye nomunye, basinikeza kulezi izikhungo ngamafasitela ahlukahlukene futhi alungiswa endishini ehlukile.

AmaJuda amaningi ngihloniphe ukudla kosher , hhayi kuphela ngoba ngokuvamile itholakala Torah, kodwa futhi ngcono zona imizimba yazo. Phela, leli qhinga amandla sivunyiwe izazi eziningi. Kodwa ke kungashiwo ukuthi uma ingulube akusizi ngakho, khona-ke ukuthi yini ekuphathe kabi kwasolwandle - alaziwa.

nezinye izici

Isiko UbuJuda unothile emasikweni engavamile, sona kubantu bezinye izinkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, libhekisela ohlangeni yokusoka. Emkhubeni ubelokhu eqashelwa Ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili zokuphila nomfana osanda kuzalwa. Ukuba omdala ngokugcwele, lokhu futhi kudingeka sikhule khona intshebe futhi Intshebe, efana umJuda kweqiniso. izingubo ezinde futhi bambozé ikhanda lakhe - omunye imithetho esingashiwongo ngaphezulu nangomphakathi wamaJuda. Futhi cap singasuki kinid, ngisho ngesikhathi sokulala.

Ikholwa unesibopho ukubheka zonke ngamaholide enkolo. Akumele besona noma kuthuke nabo. Izingane esikoleni ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo zenkolo yabo: izimiso zalo, amasiko kanye nomlando. Lona omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi UbuJuda kusukela bezinye izinkolo. Singasho ukuthi uthando inkolo izingane ncela ubisi lukamama, ukuzinikela kwabo sidlulile ngokoqobo ezakhini zofuzo. Mhlawumbe yingakho abantu akukhona nje ukuthi iyaphila ngesikhathi ekubhujisweni kwakhe mass, kodwa ngakwazi abe isizwe egcwele, khulula nezizimele ukuphila futhi bachume siqu umhlaba ayo avundile.