The main izindlela conductive ka emgogodleni

Ukuze ulawule wonke umzimba noma ngamunye isitho ngabanye, imoto, kudingeka indlela conductive we nomgogodla. Umsebenti wabo oyinhloko ugaye ukulethwa, wathumela abantu "khompyutha" ukuze umzimba, yebo. Noma yimuphi ukwehluleka in inqubo ukuthumela noma ukuthatha ishayela noma reflex imvelo nozwela igcwele pathologies sina futhi impilo kukho konke ukuphila.

Yiziphi izindlela ku asebuchosheni nomgogodla?

Pathways zobuchopho futhi umgogodla bakhonze njengamaphayona eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhiwo kwemizwa. Ngokuhamba umsebenzi wabo waqaphela nesithembiso uthuthumele pulsed ezindaweni ezithile grey ndaba. Eqinisweni, pulses kuthiwa amasignali ntombazane umzimba ukwenza ebuchosheni ucingo. amaqembu amaningana yezinzwa ngokuhambisana izici ezihlukahlukene ukuthi kukhona conductive intambo endleleni. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• lelivakalako nezinzwa;
• indlela associative;
• commissural ameva esibophezelayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, operability we babashayeli umgogodla kube nesidingo ngabodwa elandelayo ngezigaba owawuthi bangase:

• motor;
• uthinte.

Umbono ezizwelayo motor umsebenzi womuntu

Noma izindlela sezinzwa ebucayi umgogodla nobuchopho isici esisemqoka of the ukuxhumana phakathi izinhlelo ezimbili eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emzimbeni. Bathumela isithembiso engacabanganga zonke sitho, imisipha endwangwini, izandla nezinyawo. umlayezo osheshayo isignali ishayela - eliyisisekelo ukuqaliswa okuvunyelwene zihlelwe umzimba womuntu ukunyakaza, kwenziwa ngaphandle ukubhalisa kwanoma iyiphi nomzamo oqotho. Pulses wathumela ingqondo nezinzwa ingaze ngokusebenzisa umqondo touch, umqondo ubuhlungu, umzimba lokushisa mode, ngokuhlanganyela kanye kwemisipha motility.

Motor emigudwini ubuchopho umgogodla anqume izinga womuntu reflex ukuphendula. Ukunikeza nesithembiso amasignali ishayela kusukela ekhanda kuya emsileni bulala reflex uhlelo kwemisipha, anika umuntu ikhono ukuzithiba motor amakhono - ukubambisana. Futhi kulezi izindlela obhekene ngokuyenga ukudluliswa inkanuko bebheke izitho ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa.

Baphi izindlela?

Ngemva kokuhlaziya izici yokwakheka emgogodleni, kufanele ukubhekana neqiniso lapho indlela conductive kakhulu emgogodleni zitholakala, njengoba leli gama kuthiwa abaningi yezinzwa izindwangu. Ezibekwe izinto ezithile ezibalulekile: grey nomhlophe. cortex oxhumene nezimpondo umgogodla kwesokunxele futhi ama- sokunene, yemizila yezinzwa ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi anikwe imininingwane phakathi izigaba ezimbili idatha.

Imisebenzi babashayeli kukhona kwezitho zomzimba ezibalulekile kakhulu ukuqaliswa izinhloso okuhloswe ngokusebenzisa iminyango ethize. Ikakhulu, i-izindlela conductive ka emgogodleni zitholakala ngaphakathi vertebra engenhla kanye ekhanda, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe kungenzeka ngale ndlela:

1. uxhumano associative - uhlobo "amabhuloho 'ukuthi ukuxhuma indawo ephakathi ama- cortex spinal nuclei izidakamizwa. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo yabo fibre zenzeka lobehlukene. Esifushane abeqeli ngalé Nenkabazwe noma iyizingxenye ingqondo. izinzwa amade adlulisa pulses edabula ibanga elithile ukuze empunga ndaba.
2. indlela Commissural zingumzimba nge isakhiwo callused futhi yenza umsebenzi elalisanda kumiswa compounds ekwahlukaneni ikhanda nomgogodla. Ukotini Wekhethelo kusukela main share yokuqhuma like misebe, ezibekwe ketshezi ezimhlophe umgogodla.
3. Projection yezinzwa ezibekwe ngqo emgogodleni. ukusebenza yabo kwenza amaza kagesi sibe ngokushesha ziphakame Nenkabazwe futhi ukusungula ukuxhumana kwezitho zangaphakathi. Lesi sigaba ku zehla izindlela ukwehla ka emgogodleni kuziwa lolu hlobo fibre.

Uhlelo enhla babashayeli esezansi

Ukwenyuka emigudwini emgogodleni ezakha isidingo somuntu sokuba ukubona, ukuzwa, motor imisebenzi nokusebenzelana kwawo amasistimu ebalulekile emzimbeni. idatha receptor uxhumano kukhona esikhaleni phakathi hypothalamus kanye ingxenye yokuqala ikholomu umgogodla. Indlela ekuntweleni emgogodleni bayakwazi ukuthatha nokuthumela eminye umfutho ishayela ivela kobuso izingqimba engenhla epidermis kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ezisekela ukuphila ejensi.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukwehla izindlela umgogodla sifake izinto ezilandelayo ohlelweni lwaso:

• namangqamuzana ezinzwa Pyramidal (avela cortex cerebral ke odlula phansi, ngokudlula stem ubuchopho, futhi uvumelanise ngamunye itholakala phezu kwezimpondo zalo umgogodla).
• Namangqamuzana ezinzwa central (injini ixhuma ngaphambili uphondo ama- nebhalsamu namagxolo ne rootlets reflex; kanye axons esikuziphathimandla futhi ifaka izinto neuropathy isimiso sezinzwa).
• Imicu yotshani Spinocerebellar (babashayeli emikhawulweni ephansi futhi ikholomu umgogodla, kuhlanganise nhlonhlo mncane futhi umsipha).

Ayengumuntu ofana nathi, hhayi ezikhethekile emkhakheni neurosurgery, kunzima ngokwanele ukuqonda uhlelo, okuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi indlela conductive we nomgogodla. Anatomy of the umnyango ngempela isakhiwo kudida ehlanganisa kwemizwa ukudluliswa ungacabanganga. Kodwa sibonga umzimba wakhe wobuntu ukhona ngomthamo owodwa. Ngenxa isiqondiso double lapho umgogodla kukhona indlela conductive inikezwa yi ukudluliswa osheshayo inkanuko okuyinto zinokwaziswa ukuwusebenzisa elawulwa.

Kuqondisa sezinzwa ezijulile

Sakhiwo ezinzwa izinyanda ojamele isiqondiso phezulu, multi-piece. Lezi izindlela conductive akhiwa ka emgogodleni izakhi eziningana:

• Burdach uvumelanise futhi uvumelanise Gaulle (endleleni kukhona ukuzwela okujulile ngokufanele ohlangothini ezingemuva ikholomu umgogodla);
• uvumelanise spinothalamic (elise ohlangothini ikholomu umgogodla);
• Gowers uvumelanise futhi uvumelanise Flechsig (indlela cerebellar elise ohlangothini ikholomu).

Ngaphakathi ISIZINDA intervertebral elise amaseli izinzwa degree ezijulile ukuzwela. Izinqubo yenziwe yaba yasendaweni ezizindeni neuropathy kuyaqedwa ngo imisipha izicubu ezifanele kakhulu, imisipha, Imicu yotshani osteochondral futhi receptor yabo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, izinqubo zungeza cell, ukuyohlala ngemuva, ukugcina isiqondiso ukuze emgogodleni. Ngokusebenzisa ukuzwela okujulile, posterior ezinzwa izimpande ungahambi ekujuleni grey ndaba, ukwakha amakholomu posterior umgogodla.

Lapho le micu faka umgogodla, zihlukaniswa zibe lamafisha. Eminye yemizila emgogodleni ubuchopho zithunyelwa ama-, bakuphi a lokwabiwa kabusha olukhulu. Iningi lawo abantu namanje izingxenye we front futhi bakhulise ka convolutions emaphakathi futhi umqhele.

Lokho kusho ukuthi indlela idatha wenziwa ukuzwela, lapho umuntu kungaba uzizwa kanjani kwemisipha articular yakhe apharathasi, ukuze uzwe ukunyakaza noma vibration ethintekayo touch. Beam Gaulle, itholakala khona maphakathi emgogodleni, ihambisa nozwela engxenyeni engezansi le esifubeni. I Burdach ugongolo engaphezulu futhi ukhonza njengesiqondiso ukuzwela nemilenze engenhla futhi esifubeni elihambisana ikhadi.

Wazi kanjani ngezinga sezinzwa?

Nquma ngokujulile uzwela degree kungenzeka nge ukuhlolwa ezimbalwa ezilula. Bayifeze isiguli bavala emehlo. umsebenzi yalo iwukuba ukukhomba izindawo ezithile lapho udokotela noma umcwaningi kwenza isimo lesilinganiselwa ukunyakaza emalungeni neminwe, izandla noma izinyawo. Libuye efiselekayo wachaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuma komzimba noma isikhundla ukuthi wathatha ngezitho zakhe.

Ngosizo ngemfoloko Tuning for vibration ukuzwela, ungakwazi ukuhlola izindlela conductive ka emgogodleni. Imisebenzi yaleli kudivayisi kuzosiza ukuba ukhombe lapho athatha ngesikhathi lapho isiguli azizwa ngokucacile vibration. Ukuze wenze lokhu, athathe idivayisi futhi chofoza kukho ukuzwa umsindo. Kuleli qophelo, udinga ukubeka kunoma iyiphi ukuvelela bony emzimbeni. Esimweni lapho uzwela enjalo uwela ngaphambili kuka kwezinye izimo, kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi washaya izinsika labaqaphi elingemuva.

Test umuzwa kwasendaweni kusho ukuthi isiguli, amehlo akhe uvaliwe, nje kukhomba indawo lapho imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuba wamthinta umcwaningi. inkomba elamukelekayo kubhekwa ke, uma isiguli wasivuma isiphambeko ngaphakathi eyodwa isentimitha.

I touch ukuzwela kwesikhumba

Isakhiwo ezindleleni conductive ka emgogodleni ukunquma degree of isikhumba ukuzwela ezingeni neuropathy. Iqiniso lokuthi izinqubo kwemizwa ehilelekile isikhumba protoneyrona receptor. Ezihlobene, elise liphakathi engxenyeni ezingemuva izinqubo, ukusheshe ngqo emgogodleni, ukuze kwakhiwa kukhona endaweni Lisauera.

Just like indlela ukuzwela okujulile, isikhumba yakhiwa ngokulandelana kuhlanganiswe ezinzwa eziningana. Uma beqhathaniswa yezinzwa ugongolo spinothalamic idatha pulses ngobulili kusukela emikhawulweni ephansi noma ephansi esifubeni ikhadi, kukhona kancane ngenhla futhi phakathi.

Skin ukuzwela buyahluka kuye ngezinkathi criteria ngokusekelwe ubunjalo umfutho. Kuyinto:

• lokushisa;
• ezishisayo;
• ubuhlungu;
• ethintekayo.

Kulesi hlobo lokugcina isikhumba ukuzwela, ngokuvamile ngocansi ukuzwela babashayeli ezijulile.

Wazi kanjani mayelana uzwela ubuhlungu kanye nomehluko lokushisa?

Ukuze kutholakale izinga ubuhlungu, odokotela basebenzisa indlela ezikuhlabayo. Ezindaweni eziningi ezingalindelekile isiguli kwenza udokotela ukukhanya jabs ambalwa nge pin encane. amehlo lesiguli kufanele ivalwe ngoba ubone ukuthi kwenzekani, akufanele.

IThrojani efaka isimeli seseva ukucacisa ukuzwela lokushisa kulula. Esimweni esejwayelekile umuntu ahlangabezane emizweni ezihlukene emazingeni okushisa, okuyinto umehluko mayelana 1-2 °. Ukuhlonza isici sokugembula e ukuhlukumeza zesikhumba ukuzwela, odokotela sebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile - termoesteziometr. Uma kungenjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi bahlolele ukushisa namanzi ashisayo cishe.

Pathologies ezihambisana ne izindlela kahle

Ohlangothini umfula indlela conductive ezakhiwe emgogodleni kulesi sikhundla, lapho umuntu bangazizwa touch ethintekayo. Ukuze ukufunda isidingo ukuthatha into ethambile, umnene futhi Rhythmic ukuze Ukuhlolwa esihle ukuhlonza degree of uzwela, kanye ukuqinisekiswa izinwele ukuphendula, bristles, njll

Ukungasebenzi ezihlobene isikhumba ukuzwela, kuze kube manje, lesi sihloko sizocabangela le:

1. Anesthesia - ukulahlekelwa ephelele isikhumba kuvelana ethize ndawo ubuso umzimba. Uma ukwephula zobuhlungu ukuzwela kwenzeka analgesia, nge izinga lokushisa - ardanesthesia.
2. Hyperaesthesia - izinzwa reverse kwenzeka ngesikhathi ongaphakeme excitation nombundu, uma kubonakala gipalgeziya ukwandisa.
3. Misperception ezizihluphayo (isb, isiguli Ihlangana abandayo futhi efudumele) kuyinto dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - a ukubonakaliswa disorder okungaba eziningi ezinkulu, ezisukela formication nokudweba, imizwa yokushaqeka nokuwela yayo yonke umzimba.
5. Hyperpathia ine inkulumo ecacile kakhulu. Wabuye bathambekele ukunqoba thalamus, ephakamisela embundwini excitability, ukungakwazi ukukhomba endaweni ecasulayo, Umbala esindayo psycho-ngokomzwelo of konke okwenzekayo futhi ngokushesha kakhulu motor impendulo.

Izici Bezakhiwe downlink babashayeli

Olwehlayo asebuchosheni nomgogodla izindlela zihlanganisa izinyanda eziningana, kuhlanganise:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, umgogodla;
• vestibular-umgogodla;
• reticulo-umgogodla;
• posterior longitudinal.

Zonke izici ezingenhla - motor emigudwini emgogodleni, okuyizinto izakhi Izinzwa izinyanda ohlangothini phansi.

Okubizwa ngokuthi indlela pyramidal iqala kusukela elikhulu amaseli efanayo esikhathini ungqimba engenhla zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi endaweni gyrus emaphakathi. Kuphinde futhi kube indlela anterior emgogodleni - lena esibalulekile uhlelo iqondiswa phansi egcina neminyango eziningana ezingemuva hip capsule. kungenziwa ngilungele empambana we medulla nomgogodla wathola ingxenye engu-, ukwakha ngqo pyramidal uvumelanise.

I tegmentum ukwethula conductive Rubra-umgogodla endleleni. Qala kuthatha kusuka nucleus abomvu. Lapho kokuphuma Imicu yotshani yayo kuthiwa sawela futhi lwahlolwa emgogodleni ngu Warhol futhi le oblongata medulla. Rubra-umgogodla indlela evumela amaza kusukela cerebellum futhi ganglia basal.

Pathways kwendaba emhlophe ka emgogodleni uqale nucleus Deiters '. Akhiwe brainstem, indlela vestibulo-umgogodla uyaqhubeka amaphiko futhi evala at izimpondo zalo phambi. Kusukela umqhubi incike ukudlula izinzwa apharathasi vestibular kuya Izinzwa kohlelo neuropathy.

Kwamanetha amaseli kumiswa obungemuva iqala ngendlela reticulo-umgogodla ukuthi endabeni elimhlophe emgogodleni ikakhulukazi ehlakazekile ngu ngabanye tufts hlangothi nakuloluya phambi. Empeleni, kuba isixhumanisi omkhulu phakathi nendawo reflex zobuchopho futhi zemisipha uhlelo.

Posterior umsipha longitudinal nawo uhilelekile ngokuqondene motor izakhiwo stem ingqondo. Kuthinta umsebenzi we nuclei oculomotor futhi uhlelo vestibular iyonke. Ezingemuva ugongolo longitudinal itholakala yomgogodla wesibeletho.

Imiphumela izifo umgogodla

Ngakho, phakathi kwemikhondo conductive ka emgogodleni kukhona izakhi ezibalulekile yokuxhuma anikeza umuntu ithuba ukunyakaza futhi ukuzwela. izindlela Neurophysiology nedatha ehlotshaniswa izici of isakhiwo sokukhubazeka komgogodla. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umgogodla intambo isakhiwo sizungezwe imisipha endwangwini, has simise cylindrical. Ngaphakathi umgogodla brainstem izinto associative kanye motor reflex izindlela ukulawula ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlangano of emzimbeni.

Esimeni izifo umgogodla intambo, umonakalo mechanical noma malformation conductivity phakathi izikhungo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ingancishiswa kakhulu. Ukungasebenzi kahle izindlela ukusongela indoda ukumisa okuphelele umsebenzi ngokomzimba, futhi ukulahlekelwa bezibona sezinzwa.

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuntuleka conduction ngiyibona ukufa kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. Izinga nzima kakhulu conduction thuthuva phakathi asebuchosheni nomgogodla kuyinto ukukhubazeka kanye nokuntuleka ukuzwa ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Khona-ke kungase kube izinkinga izibilini, ukulimala kobuchopho elihlobene ne umsipha kwemizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphazamiseka engxenyeni engezansi umgogodla isiqu bear i engalawuliwe ukuchama futhi wamathumbu ukunyakaza.

Ingabe aphathe umgogodla intambo isifo futhi izindlela?

uvele kuphela izinguquko esiwohlozayo cishe ziboniswe ngokushesha ku wiring we umgogodla intambo umsebenzi. Ukucindezelwa ikhaliphe kuholela izinguquko evelele sokugembula okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa imicu yezinzwa. ukubuyisa ngokugcwele ephukile conductivity izindawo akunakwenzeka. Lesi sifo kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi iqhubeka ngesivinini sombani, ngakho gwema okwedlulele conduction kwezinso kungaba, uma efike ngesikhathi ukuqala imithi. Ukushesha lokhu kwenziwa, siyoba sikhulu amathuba engasayi ukuthuthukiswa sokugembula.

Non-Umqhubi othola ipheshana umgogodla abadinga imishanguzo, umsebenzi oyinhloko lapho uzoyeka inqubo yokufa kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. Lokhu ingatholakala kuphela uma izinto zokuvimbela ezathonya ukubukeka kwalesi sifo. Kungemva kwalokho uqala ukwelashwa ngenhloso esiphezulu yokutakula kungenzeka imisebenzi yemizwa motor.

ukwelashwa imithi kuhloswe kokumisa inqubo yokufa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Umsebenti wabo ukubuyiselwa krovopodachi kahle endaweni ezilimele of emgogodleni. Phakathi ukwelashwa odokotela ngetici ubudala, nemvelo nobukhali umonakalo futhi ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo. Therapy izindlela kubalulekile ukulondoloza ukushukuma njalo yezinzwa esebenzisa pulses kagesi. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukugcina okwenelisayo imisipha ithoni.

Ukuhlinzwa wenziwa ukubuyisela umgogodla intambo conduction, Nokho-ke wenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ukugodla izimbangela ukukhubazeka abaxhumene kwemizwa.
2. Ukukhuthazwa isiqu umgogodla for yokufuna ekuqaleni imisebenzi elahlekile.

Ukusebenza kumelwe kwandulelwe ukuxilongwa okujuli- yezokwelapha wonke umzimba. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukucacisa kwasendaweni izinqubo angakwazi yezinzwa. Ezimweni yokulimala kanzima umgogodla, kufanele uqale ngokususa izimbangela kokucindezelwa.