Svyatogorsky Monastery eNtabeni Athos

Umlando Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia sihlehlela emuva umbhaphathizo Kievan Rus Prince uVladimir e 988. UbuKristu, ekuqaleni ukuba 'abeke "abantu, njengoba kuqale unyaka ka ngekhulu le-11 akulona nje inkolo ematheni Grand Duchy labantu Kiev futhi kwemingcele yayo, kodwa kungukuqala Russian ukuzila Izigodlo.

Okukhulu kakhulu eNtabeni Athos e imithombo oNgcwele ezishiwo 1016, lapho afike wasungula khona indela we Kievan Rus Antoniy Pechersky.

Umlando wokubhapathizwa Kievan Rus

Njengoba singabona kusukela umlando Nestor, umbhaphathizo Kiev kwaqala ngo 988 nge uVladimir, owanika up on konkulunkulu babo. + Hhayi ukuhamba cap esandleni kuya ngesiGreki nabapristi WaseByzantium, ukuze azi uNkulunkulu entsha, wenza uhambo oluya eChersonese eCrimea.

Njengoba anqoba leli dolobha, uVladimir esebeké phambili ugwayi katiki ukuba UConstantine Basil, bababusi eByzantium, ukuthi wayezoya nempi waseConstantinople, uma bengavumi ukukunika yena ukushada udadewabo Anna. Abazalwane wavumelana isimo ukuthi iNkosi Kiev ngeke yenkolelo, njengoba kwenzeka lapho u-Ana ufike e Hersonissos abapristi kanye nabafundisi bezenkolo.

Inganekwane ethile ithi Prince uVladimir wazithola izimpumputhe futhi wesaba ukuthi kwaba yindawo onkulunkulu bamaqaba ngineminyaka engu. Anna, kwamenza waqiniseka ukuthi ubhapathizo uzobuya kuye umbono komzimba nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ngokomoya, okuyinto kwenzekeni. Warriors kusukela retinue ka Grand Duke, bebona lesi simangaliso, futhi wakholwa futhi babhapathizwa ngo-Hersonissos.

Ukubuyela Kiev, uVladimir wabhapathizwa namadodana akhe, endaweni kwenzeka lapho, namanje ngokuthi Khreshchatyk. kusukela abampofu boyars - Emva kwalokho, amanzi Dnieper ukuthi wonke abantu Kiev abhapathizwe. Uma kungenjalo lezi zenzakalo, kwakungeke avele sezindela Russian eNtabeni Athos. Esikhathini imithombo oNgcwele ukubalula ukuthi Antoniy Pechersky ekhatsi Kiev zazivela Orthodox ukwamukela izithembiso izindela kusukela iNtaba Engcwele.

IThe Holy Mountain

Athos kwaba iNtaba Engcwele ngemva kokuba usuhlezi phansi ku eNgcwelengcwele laseTheotokos, uqondisa umkhumbi nabaphostoli eCyprus kuLazaru. UNina kaNkulunkulu washumayeza bendawo abangamaqaba futhi izimangaliso eziningi ezaholela yokuthi abangakholwa namukele uKristu futhi wasungula sezindela lokuqala eNtabeni Athos, lapho waba umvikeli.

Umlando iNtaba Engcwele has nezinkinga eziningi, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani owayebaluleke umshushisi - lwesiTatar-amaMongol, le Livonian Knights, noma abaseTurkey, ubelokhu Orthodox. Abode babhujiswe futhi babuyiselwe, kodwa kusukela 1830 I-izindela, inkathi yokuchuma nokuthula kuphela.

abalandeli eziningi wamasiko waya iNtaba Engcwele, amandla okuyisa izwi likaNkulunkulu ukuba nabanye abantu noma ukwenza ukwakha zezindela futhi ukukhuthaza monasticism emazweni yobuKristu.

Caves Saint Anthony ukuthi tonsured ku Athos e 1013, wabe eseya Kiev ukusungula abode Izigodlo khona. Zonke izindela ezathatha izifungo eNtabeni Athos, bese eya kwamanye amazwe, ukuba wathola Isigodlo entsha, walinika igama "Okukhulu kakhulu Svyatogorsk", kukhunjulwa ntaba, engasempumalanga ukusakaza Lobu-Orthodox.

Eyokuqala sezindela Russian eNtabeni Athos

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala monasticism Ros ka Kievan Rus eNtabeni Athos kwakuhlangene amaGreki Orthodox Iberians (Georgians), ogama izindawo zokuhlala benza spodvizhnichestvom. Svyatogorsky ilandisa ekuqaleni ekhulwini le-11 ilandisa ukuthi Ros kwaba kangangokuba akha bo abode siqu "Virgin Ubusisiwe" (Ksilurgu), okuyinto efika futhi St Anthony okokuqala.

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ezincwadini zasendulo, imizamo yayo ziye zasiza ukuvela Kievan Rus Prince uVladimir nomkakhe Princess Anna. Ngenxa yalokho, wasekela Yaroslav Mudry, ubani onaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kabanzi ezinkolweni hhayi kuphela e Kyïv, kodwa futhi ngalé.

Maphakathi nekhulu le-12 kwaba kakade Isigodlo, ehlalisa izindela eziningi kangaka, kwakudingeka indawo entsha sezindela. Ngemva isikhalo ebhodini kweNtaba Athos Orthodox Ros sicelo samukelwa, futhi babenikezwa esigodlweni agugile, elalikade kwakungekaNkulunkulu eya kwabaseThesalonika. Izindela walakha futhi okuthiwa Old Russika. Kutholwe phezulu ezintabeni, lokhu sezindela enezindonga yayo eqinile emadwaleni lalibukeka ufana inqaba ngaphandle cloister Izigodlo.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-13, Kievan Rus Ukucaba bhishobhi abamenyiwe labapristi elivela iNtaba Engcwele. Ngakho isiko monasticism ukusabalala etholwe izindela lokuqala eRussia lasendulo phezu iNtaba Engcwele. Ngakho, uVladimir bhishobhi eliholwa indela Russian kusukela eNtabeni Athos Joasaph futhi Chernihiv - Euphrosynus owanikhuphula isipho esifuze ongcwele bhishobhi - isithonjana Virgin Hodegetria. Nale isithonjana lihlotshaniswa ukuvela wezindela entsha ngekhulu le-16 esifundazweni Pskov.

Ukusatshalaliswa Athos emasikweni Kievan Rus

Phakathi nomlando wakhe omude zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni ku Athos aluthola amasiko ezimisiwe namasiko, abese kusakazwe izindela we iNtaba Engcwele emhlabeni wonke yobuKristu.

Isibonelo endala yiyona Kiev-Pechersk Lavra eyasungulwa St Anthony e 1051. Njengoba Mount Athos izindela ekuqaleni senziwa ukuba axazulule nasemihumeni, u-Anthony akazange asuke amasiko ubudala futhi wayehlala omunye wabo. Wemba kwi Ilarion egqumeni indela, umeluleki Yaroslava Mudrogo, kwaba abode lokuqala imfundamakhwela kusukela iNtaba Engcwele.

Ukuzila futhi ukuzishaya we indela entsha waziwa ngaphandle Kiev, futhi zaqala ukungena izimfundamakhwela ziyaye kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ERussia yasendulo. Lapho inombolo yabo lafinyelela abantu 100, ngesicelo iSt Anthony owabusa ngesikhathi Izyaslav wanika izindela egqumeni elingenhla emihumeni. Ngakho-ke sengathi Izakhiwo zokuqala sokhuni sezindela ngebhange kwesokudla Dnieper.

Ngokusho isiko Athos izindela bemba amathambo abafileyo eminyakeni 3 futhi ibekwe emihumeni. Nabo futhi kuyabonakala namuhla ku Kyïv-Pechersk Lavra. Isiko efanayo yayikhona kwezinye zezindela eyasungulwa izindela kusukela eNtabeni Athos.

Church of the sezindela loMfula i-Seversky eDonets

Svyatogorsky Monastery, eyasungulwa ngo-1240 emagqumeni wokulinganisa we Seversky eDonets, ukhona namuhla. Abasunguli bebaleka ayehlasela Batu izindela kusukela eNtabeni Athos. Baletha ngokwezifiso efanayo ukungcwatshwa, eyamukelwa yibo phezu iNtaba Engcwele.

isakhiwo Eyingqayizivele sezindela iyona St Nicholas Church, eqoshwe ngqo entabeni kashoki kuyingxenye yalo ebalulekile. Esikhundleni salo kwaba ibandla kweNyuka the Virgin, elabhujiswa ngo-kumhambela. Ekhulwini le-16 esontweni omusha oqoshiwe ngqo ngaphakathi entabeni, wall yakhe.

Lapho lo msebenzi ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe, udonga entabeni futhi wabhubhisa izwe eseliye labhekana nalo ubuhle isonto engakaze ibonwe, ngokuthi abantu "Chalk". Ithempeli eyinhloko yesigodlo kuyinto Cathedral of kweNyuka, elakhiwa emva emva esinqumweni uCatherine 2 nd ka 1787 yesigodlo savalwa futhi nganikezwa (njengendlela "dacha nge Grove") UGrigory Potemkin iminyaka eminingi.

Inherited ku Potemkin lomndeni kwamashumi amahlanu, oNgcwele Dormition Bandla sezindela wayazi incithakalo nasencithakalweni, futhi waphindiselwa Church kuphela ngo-1844.

Umlando Svyatogorsk wezindela Pskov

Esinye isibonelo umthelela emasikweni izindela kusukela eNtabeni Athos kubhekwa ukuba mkhuba isithonjana Virgin Hodegetria, kanye alethwe Kievan Rus IsAm Evfrosimom. Ngalesi umcimbi uvele Bandla Assumption Monastery, wakha entabeni eduze Pskov.

Ngo 1563 a Thimothewu umalusi kwaba lo mkhuba UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, eyamtshela ukuya entabeni ukuyokhuleka Shinichi. Ngemva ukugibela intaba, umlimi ngomthandazo futhi wabona lo mkhuba le Blessed Virgin Mary, owamnika imfundo ubuye eminyakeni 6. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umalusi wathola isithombe sakhe ku isithonjana "Nesisa".

Ngo-1569 Thimothewu ziqondiswe abapristi isicelo ukudlula Yiqiniso waba-sentabeni engcwele futhi Shinichi wakhuluma ngesimo mkhuba Virgin. Babengakholwa kuye, kodwa omunye wabapristi yingqondo bakhe, ukuba alobe abanye ukuthatha uphawu "Nesisa" uhambe udwendwe entabeni.

Phakathi womthandazo, abantu ababeya wabona uphawu nomuthi Virgin Hodegetria, okuyizinto izimangaliso zokuphulukisa phezu abamashayo. Mayelana ngalesi senzakalo bafunda Ivan le Kubi, owayala kusayithi kuyisimangaliso sokwakha indlu, okuyinto eyaba ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa sezindela besilisa.

Incazelo Svyatogorsk sezindela

I-Altare Lomnikelo esontweni, okwaqala ngokubekwa Isigodlo Svyatogorsk sabekwa kusayithi pine, lapho kwakukhona khona mkhuba isithonjana Virgin Hodegetria. Kuyinto ingxenye omdala sezindela - Cathedral of kweNyuka, elakhiwa ngo-umoya Pskov izakhiwo kwekhulu le-16.

Itempeli umumo cubic nge Umpheme ezimbili yezinto. Umbhoshongo insimbi, ezakhiwe ngaphansi Ivan le Kubi, labhujiswa, futhi wakha elisha kuphela ekhulwini le-19.

nemengamo Yangaphakathi kusekelwa izinsika enamandla lwaleli, namafasitele encane ewumngcingo ikhanyisa izindonga zaba mhlophe, okunikeza sonke nobukhulu ethempelini. Kuye kukhona izitebhisi ezimbili emaweni egwadle, futhi zitholakala emhlabeni abalekele endaweni kwamathuna izindela bemba ngqo entabeni.

Church of the sezindela (isithombe ubonisa ubuhle baso nobuhle) kwaba esizoqala kuso ukubala omkhulu Pskov udwendwe. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, Isigodlo lwabhidlika, kodwa saphiliswa ngo-1949 sibonga Okusondele kule ndawo elinegama A. S. Pushkina.

Pushkin kanye sezindela

Church of the sezindela (Pushkin amaslayidi) 4 kuphela km kusuka ifa Michael wakhononda kanye nakwamanye amazwe Abrama uHannibal godson kaPetru 1, indlovukazi u-Elisabethe. Ngefa Wadlulela unina imbongi.

Ubizwa wayevame futhi zazisebenza amahora amaningi. Esikhathini Isigodlo, Pushkin wayefuna documentary hhayi kuphela amaqiniso zomlando ezihlobene nokubusa Boris Godunov ukuba inkondlo yakhe, kodwa futhi ugqozi, ngokuvakashela SMME, avamise ahlelwe ezindongeni.

Isigodlo has a emathuneni umndeni, lapho bangcwatshwe zonke izihlobo imbongi, ngoba umkhulu wakhe Osip Hannibal ziphethe yena.

Fair Monastery

Sekuyisikhathi eside abathandwa abantu mkhosi Fairground. Church of the sezindela ekuqaleni wawanakekela odongeni izikhathi 5 ngonyaka, kodwa kamuva inombolo yabo lancipha laba abathathu.

Lapha babuthana abathengisi nabantu ukuhweba hhayi kuphela isifundazwe Pskov, kodwa futhi bakwamanye imizi Russia. The fair wawenziwa Gostiny Dvor, lapho amatende setha nezitolo, kanye ilungelo ukuhweba kwakudingeka akhokhe imali ukuze uMgcinimafa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1811 endaweni yomcebo agcwaliswa ngu ruble 758. Futhi ngo-1839-i-mu imali kwenyuke kuze ruble 2.796. Ngakho, mkhosi Fairground, iChurch of sezindela kanye isiphetho eseduze kanjani ukwandisa nengcebo yabo eningi, futhi yaba nethonya ukuhweba esifundazweni sonkana.

sezindela shrine

Okukhulu kakhulu Svyatogorsk namanje igcina amathempelana Orthodox - isithonjana "Nesisa" kanye Virgin Hodegetria, ulethwe kanye indela kusukela eNtabeni Athos e Kievan Rus. Esikhathini sezindela ayegubha minyaka yonke udwendwe umkhosi ukubukeka isithonjana abantu. Namuhla usuku olungcwele, ohlonishwa kakhulu yibo bonke neRussia yama-Orthodox.

sezindela namuhla

Church of the Monastery (Pskov) waphindiselwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ngo-1992 Namuhla ke iyikhaya lwamanje, okuyinto bavuselela isiko Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia monasticism, kanye esabekwa izindela kusukela iNtaba Engcwele.