Rubella: bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela

Rubella sekufikile kibo bonke njengoba ukugula yezingane eyaziwa, kodwa ungakwazi sigule futhi njengomuntu omdala. Ngo omdala zokugula kwenzeka nzinyana futhi uvame ukuhambisana ukuxakeka. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi lezo ezimithi rubella ukutheleleka. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ithatha cishe 3 amaviki. Igciwane likwazi isikhathi lesi sikhathi ukuze ufake umzimba futhi kubangele ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezempilo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Rubella - isifo omsakazo viral ukuthi sabiwe iqembu ahlukene nosological ngo 1881. It ubhekwa agent causative zofuzo RNA ye-ejenti esithathelanayo umndeni Togaviridae. It has umsebenzi teratogenic, isb. E. Kwangathi iphazamise ukuthuthukiswa egcwele umbungu. Virus uyazibekezelela ukuqanda igcina ulaka emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Nokho, ukuchayeka ultraviolet, ukushisa noma isicelo izibulali-magciwane umphumela ekubhujisweni kwaso.

inqubo sokugembula ububonisa melkopyatnistoy ukuqubuka futhi catarrhal izimpawu. Xilonga kuphela ngezizathu ezithile. Nokho, okubalulekile kunikezwa ukuhlaziya rubella. omzimba athile sebeqala ukuba kuhlelwe emzimbeni emasontweni 4 emva kokutheleleka. Lokhu kubonisa ukwakheka uhlelo ezinzile amasosha omzimba okuyiwo uba buthakathaka iminyaka engu-20.

ukudluliswa endleleni

Umthombo ukutheleleka ngokuvamile umuntu ogulayo. ejenti ezithathelwanayo iqala wehluke imvelo isonto ngaphambi ukuqubuka esikhumbeni izinsuku 5-6 kusukela ngosuku okwenziwe pustules. Kusukela nombono epidemiological, beqaphela ukuthi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu izingane rubella azalwa nako. Kulokhu, i-ejenti causative Kukhululwa imvelo ne indle noma umchamo.

Kunezindlela eziningana ukudluliswa:

• sisemoyeni;
• transplacental;
• xhumana-yasendlini.

Ikakhulukazi ukungenwa rubella igciwane nabesifazane asebeneminyaka efanele yobudala zokuzala. Kuze amacala ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo zalotshwa cishe kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-mass yokugoma izifo. Okwamanje, phakathi kwazo zonke yezifo emhlabeni 83% iqinile emazweni post-Soviet. Lena akuyona ngenxa yokungabi bikho kohlelo ka ukugoma.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ngoba rubella

Bayashintshana ekufukameleni - inkathi yesikhathi loxhumana igciwane emzimbeni ngaphambi ukuqala ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo ukutheleleka. Endabeni isimungumungwana, yena izinsuku 10-24. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-ejenti ezithathelwanayo has isikhathi ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila womphimbo lingene egazini, lapho reproduction asebenzayo iqala.

Kuyinto esikhathini bayashintshana ekufukameleni we-rubella ezinganeni ngokuvakashela izingadi, kukhona isifo enempilo kusuka ingane egulayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izici ezithile sifo ayikatholakali. Cishe ngemva kwesonto ngaphambi ukuqubuka esikhumbeni isiguli iba ezithathelwanayo kwabanye.

Izimpawu zesifo ezinganeni

Ezinganeni, rubella kwenzeka kunalokho kalula. Izithombe izingane ukufakazela ukuthi ngisho nalesi sifo, bangadlala futhi benze izinto ezivamile. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala inqubo sokugembula wengane angase akudle, enolaka futhi njalo uvuka ebusuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane idedela umphumela anobuthi phezu sezinzwa uhlelo ejenti.

Nge inchubekelembili, zikhona izimpawu okusikhumbuza imikhuhlane: a isifuba esomile ukuminyana emphinjeni, ekhaleni stuffy, imfiva okuncane. Ngemva nje kokuqala kwezinsuku 2-3 isimo angase ashintshe kakhulu. Duzane umzimba wengane livela melkopyatnistaya awahlabi ngaphandle ukulunywa. izindawo Pink bengavuswa ngaphezu kwamanzi kwesikhumba. Indawo oluthandayo kwasendaweni yabo neyaziwayo flexor kobuso imilenze nezingalo, imbilapho nezinqe. Isithombe emitholampilo ngokuvamile kwahambisana ukwanda entanyeni zamanzi.

Lapho lesi sifo uyashintsha futhi lokhu isithombe igazi. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaziya waphawula ukwanda komthwalo lymphocyte ngokumelene okwenza yokuwa leukocyte. Nokho, i-erythrocyte sedimentation isilinganiso, uhlala uhla evamile. Kane ukwanda omzimba athile ukuze rubella izinkomba likhombisa kokuqala noma oyingozi isigaba ukugeleza.

Izici yenqubo sokugembula e abadala

Lapho isikhulile, izimpawu evelele. Njengomthetho, umzimba ngokushesha kakhulu iphendula Ukungena ezibangelwa amagciwane. Uma ingane ehlupheka buthule rubella "ngezinyawo zabo", lo omdala liyadingeka embhedeni ukuphumula ngeviki.

Phakathi kwezinye izikhalazo ezifakiwe elisemqoka elifanelana iziguli ukuya kudokotela, ungakhetha kuyanda lokushisa kuya ku-39 degrees, ukuqaqamba kwamalunga omzimba kanye ubuthakathaka okwandisa. rubella Primary esiteji uvame ukuhambisana nokwanda ubukhulu ubende kanye kwesibindi, ukutholwa palpation. Auscultation wenhliziyo ngokuvamile kwembula imibala yayo uthulisiwe.

Vela photophobia futhi lacrimation. Ejwayelekile rubella izindawo kuhluke ukuthambekela ufane ndawonye. Kulokhu, imingcele ecacile abanalo papules. Ngokuvamile avele ezindaweni ezinkulu - emhlane nezinqe. Uma ungatholi ukwelashwa, ukugula esongela ezithinta emalungeni yezandla ngisho encephalitis.

Azalwa naso rubella syndrome

Lesi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe. Igciwane libhekene ikhono yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa esinomhlapho futhi kungabangela ukukhubazeka kombungu. esiyingozi nakakhulu isimo uma kuziwa ukutheleleka senyanga mina.

Indima esasizibekele yona kuqala kuba CNS. indawo Okwesibili kungokwalabo izinhlaka emehlweni nokuzwa, kanti eyesithathu - inhliziyo. Ingane ne-rubella azalwa naso sifo ngokuvamile ukuthi nginesifo sikashukela, yegilo ukungasebenzi ngisho Autism. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena othwala igciwane futhi ezingase esithathelwanayo iminyaka 1-2.

Ezigabeni kamuva yokukhulelwa (mayelana 13 amasonto) Amathuba nesenzakalo yokuzalwa bekhubazekile aphansi kakhulu, kodwa isekhona. Omunye umphumela elibuhlungu isifo izenzo ukuzalwa kwengane isishonile. Ngokwesibonelo, yilowo nalowo wesifazane wesithathu abakhulelwe esikhathini bayashintshana ekufukameleni of amacala rubella ka kwesisu nokuguqulwa. Enye intokazi-10, bese bethola umntwana ufile.

izindlela ukuxilongwa

Ukuthola lesi sifo izingane ngokuvamile hhayi ephelezelwa nobunzima. odokotela abanolwazi yanele ukuba uhlole isiguli abasha, ukufunda isithombe emitholampilo kanye nomlando wayo. Ngemva kwalokho ukwelashwa elandelayo.

Ukuxilonga izifo abadala, kubandakanya abesifazane abakhulelwe, kudingeka luhlolo eyingozi. Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. ukuhlaziywa Serological. Ukuhlolwa kweemboniso kunganikelwa ngoba M G immunoglobulin, ayisiza ongamtshela eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwanda kulezi titers libonisa sokugembula inqubo ukuthuthukiswa. Igm hlola mayelana 10-12 kwezinsuku emva kokutheleleka. Lapho titer luyanda izikhathi 4 noma ngaphezulu, ukuxilonga rubella. Njengoba isilinganiso izifo, azihlole ezinqunyiwe ukuze ukhulelwe futhi uxhumane nabantu abagulayo. Lapho IgG kunqunywa ngqo emzimbeni omzimba ukuze igciwane. IgG qhubeka ukuphila.
2. ukuhlolwa Virological. Wembula egadwe isosha ezithathelwanayo emzimbeni. Ukuhlaziywa has kuphela ulwazi kuze izilonda kokuqala. Njengoba ukwaziswa yokuhlola igazi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ocucuzayo acinene futhi amniotic fluid.
3. PCR indlela. Ngu polymerase chain reaction kungatholakala rubella ufuzo.

Ukuze ususe ezinye izifo zona kufanele isethulo emitholampilo efanayo, ukuqhuba ukuxilongwa yokuqhathanisa. Ukuhlukanisa ukutheleleka nge isimungumungwana scarlet fever, mononucleosis kanye komzimba.

ukwelashwa Izici

Lapho ukwelashwa kwasesibhedlela rubella ayidingekile. Esibhedlela kuncike iziguli ifomu okunzima kakhulu lesi sifo, khona comorbidities noma izinsolo ukuxakeka. yokwelapha Specific nayo eyenziwa.

eziyinkimbinkimbi Medical kuhlanganisa ukuhambisana olukhethekile lokudla nge predominance ekudleni amaprotheni. Kungcono ukukhetha inyama engenamafutha. Nutrition kufanele kube ingxenyenamba, futhi izingxenyana ezincane. Kuphoqelekile ukulandela umbuso ukuphuza aphuze mayelana 2 amalitha amanzi ethafeni ngosuku.

therapy okunezimpawu kuhlanganisa nokwamukela antipyretics ( "paracetamol", "Nurofen") futhi antihistamine ( "Suprastin", "Tavegil"). With ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga yakhetha usebenzisa izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane. Bamiswa umuntu ngamunye kanye nokucutshungulwa isimo lesiguli.

Imiphumela umzimba

Rubella ayivamile ukubangela izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi seziguli ezisencane. Lapho amasosha omzimba esebuthakathaka, ngemva igciwane odlule zenzeka ukuvuvukala e kwedolo-indololwane nezihlanganiso metacarpophalangeal. izimpawu Prodromal kungase neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni i-pneumonia, otitis noma angina.

Kungakhathaliseki esiteji rubella futhi ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi kudokotela, abesifazane abakhulelwe cishe njalo yezinkinga manifest. Abanaso kungathinta umama esizayo kakhulu futhi ingane ngaphakathi esibelethweni. Kungaba kwezinso engqondweni nasemzimbeni, ukuphuphunyelwa yisisu noma ukukhulelwa wokudamba.

Izindlela ekuvimbeleni izifo

Ukuvimbela rubella kusho umgomo ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu izifo ezithathelwanayo kalula ezingase zivinjelwe. Zokwelapha, imithi yokugoma ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa namuhla, kuhlanganise amazwe. Imijovo yokugoma kukhona izingane ezincane kusukela 15 kuya kwezingu-18 zokuphila. Khona-ke iyaphindwa nokuthomba. Amasosha omzimba ngemva nqubo yokwelapha ithatha iminyaka engu-20.

izintokazi abakhulelwe lokugoma is contraindicated. Futhi hhayi Kunconywa ukuba uhlele ukuba akhulelwe izinyanga ezintathu emva yokugoma. Ngaleso sikhathi ukulondolozwa kuyinto amathuba anda ukutheleleka fetus.

Uma ungazi indlela ibukeke iziguli kwathiwa unesifo "rubella" izithombe kulesi sihloko kuzokusiza siqonde impikiswano. Lapho ukuqubuka kufanele ngokushesha ukukhombisa udokotela lesiguli, bese qiniseka ukuhlukanisa lona alulame ngokugcwele. Egumbini lapho lomuntfu unalo leligciwane, itholakala, kumele yokuhlanza nokushaya komoya njalo ezimanzi.