Retinitis pigmentosa: izimpawu, ukwelashwa

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izifo eziningi iso. Abanye babo labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe ngemvelo, kuyilapho abanye zizuzwe futhi uxilongwe cishe kusukela ekuzalweni.

Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukukhuluma ngalesi sifo, elingelakwaJuda iqembu lesibili futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "retinitis pigmentosa". Sizokwenza uqonde izimbangela zokugula avuse ukubukeka kwaso, futhi nixoxe ukuthi kukhona izindlela eziphumelelayo ukuqeda le nkinga.

Kuyini retinitis pigmentosa

Lesi sifo singumbulali zokugula lezinceku ngwengwzi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ungqimba photoreceptor futhi sombala epithelium kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa izinguquko esiwohlozayo futhi emaphaketheni akhiwa ngokuvumelana uhlobo ithambo amaseli.

Njengomthetho, retinitis pigmentosa izenze wazizwa esemncane lapho ingane kungekho futhi iminyaka 8, bese iqala ukuba ngenkuthalo intuthuko. It esongela izimpumputhe nesineke iminyaka engu-40-60.

Izimbangela zesifo

Imbangela eyinhloko retinitis pigmentosa kuyinto zofuzo eziningi banesibopho synthesis kanye nokwabelana amaprotheni ethize phakathi kwengane esiswini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezikhonjwe izindlela main yentuthuko isifo:

1. Uyahlanganyela Ekwenzeni Imihlangano Ibe phansi. Kulokhu, lo zokugula sidlulile kusuka kumama kuya indodana, kanye-X chromosome.
2. Autosomal esikhubazayo. Pathology udluliselwa ingane ngesikhathi esifanayo kubazali ezimbili.
3. Autosomal evelele. Pathology sisuka kwelinye abazali ingane.

Kunezimo lapho retinitis pigmentosa sitholakale kulezi ziguli, nomunye umkhaya owawunamalungu isifo akuzange kwenzeke ngaphambili. Kodwa ezimweni ezinjalo awavamile. Ngokuvamile, zokugula luthathwe futhi sithinta ezizukulwane eziningana umndeni.

Isengozini ngokukhethekile izingane ezizalwe emshadweni blizkokrovnom lapho kwandisa kakhulu amathuba ezihlukahlukene zofuzo.

Ukwahlukanisa retinitis pigmentosa

Kuya ngemvelo lesi sifo futhi ezindaweni ezithintekile, ihlukanise izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo:

1. ejwayelekile. Kulesi uhlobo acuity ezibukwayo (kokubili neuropathy central) kugcinwa isikhathi eside kule uhla evamile. Nakuba ngalesi sikhathi kukhona kusho ukunqotshwa induku uhlelo futhi ukuvela foci sombala ekuqongeleleni ezindaweni ezithile we fundus.

2. atypical. Leli fomu has izinhlobo eziningana:

• retinitis Amelanotic. Ngalesi uhlobo fundus le ndlala yayingenawo amangqamuzana sombala. Nokho, kukhona lonke izimpawu zesifo.
• Emkhakheni ukhamba retinitis pigmentosa. Izithombe ezibonisa khona foci ngwengwzi esikhunjeni bagxila iyiphi fundus UMnyango owodwa futhi ngokuhlanganyela umumo ukhamba. Kulesi sifo, izimpawu kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi khona ngokuphelele noma uzigcinile ukugeleza kancanekancane.
• Belotochechny. Phakathi lolu hlobo fundus waphawula izindawo eziningi emhlophe. Izimpawu kule kuyafana ngesikhathi retinitis pigmentosa.
• Nabokhulumile. Kuleli fomu lesi sifo iqala izilonda ngwengwzi ka engxenyeni ephakathi ye-ke, ezithinta simiso Isigaxa. Inqubo kuhambisana ukuthuthukiswa photophobia futhi ziwohloke masinyane umbono emaphakathi.

Izimpawu zesifo

Lapho isifo esinjengo retinitis pigmentosa, isithombe iso wathola ngesikhathi ophthalmoscopy, bonisa khona izici ezintathu isici:

1. Yoma we ngwengwzi sombala epithelium. Kulokhu, kukhona olugcwele kwemithambo yegazi encane kunazo zonke futhi ukubonakala ezimhlophe sombala amabala.
2. idiski optic iba kubonakale paler.
3. On the azungeze we fundus futhi inkambo ngemithambo encane ivele okubizwa ngokuthi "ithambo corpuscles."

izimpawu

Iluphi ushintsho ephelezelwa retinitis pigmentosa? Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise okulandelayo:

• ebusuku ubumpumputhe ( "ukungaboni") okubangelwa izenzakalo esiwohlozayo kwe-retina;
• ukungabekezelelani ukukhanya;
• angaboni kahle;
• ukunciphisa umbono neuropathy ;
• nobunzima emehlweni akho ulungise ekamelweni emnyama ngemva elikhanyayo, futhi okuphambene nalokho;
• ebusuku-ngobumpumputhe.

amafomu atypical angase ngaphezu kwalokho kuhambisane photophobia futhi kwehle imibala.

sitholakele isifo

Ukuxilongwa retinitis pigmentosa kunesithembiso ophthalmologist. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesisekelo anamnesis, lapho kuba sobala ukuthi isimo esinjalo okungenani omunye oyisihlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwenziwa ukulahlekelwa photoreceptor cell Dynamics usebenzisa electroretinography nokuhlolwa ezibukwayo.

Ukuba khona isici retinitis esikhunjeni foci kungatholakala ngenxa ngokuziphatha ophthalmoscopy futhi fundus izithombe ezenziwe.

Ukwambula khona ukukhubazeka ku fundus iso, futhi ukuba khona yoma sombala epithelium futhi edema macular esifundeni ngokusebenzisa fluorescence we angiography-retina (FAG).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala umbono kuchazwe, amnyama lithathelwe nekuphikisana ukuzwela ezingeni.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa retinitis pigmentosa

Kungenzeka ukuqeda izifo ezifana retinitis pigmentosa? Ukwelashwa ukuthi yakhelwe namuhla, ngeshwa, akakwazi ngokuphelele ukuqeda le nkinga. Into kuphela ezingakusiza odokotela - ukususa ezinye izimpawu zesifo.

Ephambi kwezinduna edema macular sabelwe yokwamukela isisu, okuhlanganisa carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

cataract isuswe nge ukuhlinzwa.

Photocoagulation odokotela semithambo ukuncoma ukwamukelwa semithambo ejenti kwemithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Vitamin wenziwa ngokugcizelela yokwamukela nicotinic acid. Futhi, kukhona umbono wokuthi inqubo ukuwohloka kungenziwa ehlile ngokwandisa edonsa uvithamini A, okuyinto ingatholakala ezihlukahlukene Izithako zokudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli belulekwa ukuba ukugqoka izibuko ezikhethekile ezokwenza ukuncela solar emisebeni shortwave. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela retina ekulimaleni.

Therapy amaphuzu osekuxoxwe ngawo kuyosiza ukunciphisa izinga phambili kwezifo ezifana retinitis pigmentosa. amakhambi Ukwelashwa abantu kulokhu singasetshenziswa kuphela ngesimo ngokukhethekile Ukudla ukuhambisana, esinikela inani lemali elincane purine compounds kanye cholesterol ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo afake ekudleni kwakho aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengoba kuba antioxidant yemvelo kanye umthombo Vitamin A.

Enye indlela yokusiza abantu bahlukane nazo izinkinga ezinjalo, ezifana retinitis pigmentosa - ekunqandeni yokwelapha cell. Le ndlela okwamanje ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo, kodwa ososayensi baye bathembisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo sizoqala ngenkuthalo ukuzijayeza isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne nezinye izingxenye yokwelapha.

Isimiso yalolu hlobo yokwelashwa kuyoba kanje. Kusukela ama-stem cell esakhini sofuzo enempilo laboratories ekhethekile luyokhula amaseli ngwengwzi. Okulandelayo bayoba itshalwe in iziguli retinitis pigmentosa ukubuyela emehlweni abo. Kulokhu, izivikeli mzimba noma kunjalo akamlahli nolwelwesi, njengoba Yenziwe siqu stem cells lesiguli.

Nakuba kuze kube seqophelweni lapho le ndlela iqala esetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo esweni, namanje kude, namuhla izinyathelo zokuqala ekufezeni umgomo ezithandwayo zezingoma baye selithathiwe.

Izindlela yentuthuko ekuvimbeleni izifo

Njengoba retinitis pigmentosa, ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ezakhini zofuzo, ukugwema zako, ngeshwa, ngeke uphumelele. Into kuphela ukuthi ungenza isiguli usesimweni esinjalo - ngangokunokwenzeka ukubambezela yonke inqubo izinkinga ukuthuthukiswa kanye alibale isikhathi ukuqala yobumpumputhe.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukubhalisa ne kudokotela wezifo zamehlo njalo ukumvakashela futhi ukulalela zonke izincomo. Kufanele angali ukugqoka izibuko ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, okuzokwenza ugcine retina esweni emisebeni yingozi ekukhanyeni okukhazimulayo.

Kulabo abathanda ukufunda, udinga ukukhetha ifonti ofanele kakhulu ukuthi akudingi iso umthwalo.

Hlala uphilile!