Pistons kokuzihlanganisa ngoba ahlukene Uphawu lezimoto

Abaningi ubuchwepheshe idluliselwe embonini yezimoto of Ngini. Kube izixazululo esetshenziswa nemininingwane zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo nokwethenjelwa kanye nokusebenza amasampula, ezifana pistons kokuzihlanganisa. Avtotehnologiya esekelwe ukusetshenziswa izingxenye idatha ehlobene ne-ukusetshenziswa onobuhle yezemidlalo izinqumo ngesikhathi izimoto zomsebenzi.

definition

Pistons ethulwa bushings okusaqanda, ezihambayo thwi ngaphakathi uMbhalo bese licindezele ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni. Ngokusho ubuchwepheshe kulezi zingxenye sehlukaniswe cast bensimbi. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Izici wokusebenza

I pistons yohlobo yokuqala ogibele izimoto eziningi, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje kahle azibonakalisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke futhi anele izidingo abasebenzisi kakhulu '. pistons kokuzihlanganisa zenzelwe ukusebenza ngesikhathi imithwalo eliphezulu, ngakho ezisetshenziswa ezemidlalo racing izimoto. Okungukuthi, netimphawu sezakhi inikezwe kunqunywa esekelwe nemibandela kusebenta kwato.

I esebenza kakhulu uye wakwenza phezu pistons ngesikhatsi operation injini isici lokushisa. It kuholela ukunwetshwa metal, yinhlangano engenzi-iyunifomu:-ke kuhambisana evelele kuya ahlangene pin piston kanye yokuxhuma indiza induku oscillation aphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, contact engalingani we piston nge uMbhalo, kanjalo kuyashesha bafake. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona okuhlaselayo futhi wayethinta imininingwane ubambe, lapho injini simile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, pistons kuthinte amandla inertia futhi ingcindezi eyenziwe amagesi ngaphakathi isilinda.

ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, womshini yabalingisi pistons ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa asakazwe metal. Iyasebenza ingxubevange aluminium-silicon endaweni eqala impahla. It ibekwe kuleli matrix, enikeza i kobujamo obusaqanda. Ingxenye is kushintshwe i uMbhalo. Skirt ukwenza okwenyanga emgqonyeni eliphansi. Ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okushisa aphezulu ugcwele ngaphakathi piston termokompensiruyuschimi steel ifaka

Ngokuphambene, ukhonkolo, pistons kokuzihlanganisa ezivezwa wokushaya ubuchwepheshe. Sebenzisa izindlela liquid noma isothermal.

Esimweni sokuqala matrix ligcwele metal oncibilikisiwe futhi deforming ke ngesivinini ethile Punch. Ngakho walungisa eliphezulu preform. ukuphathwa kwalo kokugcina Kwenziwa athutha.

Ukuze isothermal wokushaya ubuchwepheshe usebenzisa izingxenye preformed. Basuke okulungiselelwe kusukela induku eyayakhiwa aluminium Silicon-ocebile, crimped ngokusebenzisa die evumela ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-metal ngokususa ikhule ezimbotsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli matrix eliwu 450 ° C ingenalutho is wanyathela usebenzisa wokubacindezela cindezela indlela isivinini. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe siqukethe ekusebenziseni matrix ibutho amathani 250, ngesikhathi esifanayo ulondoloze isimo emazingeni alo ezingeni njalo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka eqondile eliphezulu izingxenye.

Amapharamitha main

Ukuze isinqumo kahle izingxenye yemoto olucutshungulwayo imingcele yabo kuhlobene nezinga izici injini. Lokhu okulandelayo izici eyinhloko pistons kokuzihlanganisa:

1. imodeli Engine. Indlela elula yokuthola izingxenye esekelwe injini ye-brand, njengoba abakhiqizi ngokuvamile ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo efana ngaphansi onobuhle ezithile injini. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi kuleli cala, ziklanyelwe ngoba isitokwe izinjini. Okungukuthi, uma ushintsha yimiphi imingcele injini, ezifana amasilinda nesithukuthezi, pistons zenzelwe ke ngeke zisebenze. Base akhethwa nemingcele (kuleli cala, okokuqala kunakho konke, ubukhulu).
2. Usayizi. Uma ukhetha izinto ezidingekayo ukuze correlate nabo ububanzi we wazalela isilinda uma sicabangela ukunwetshwa ezishisayo.
3. I degree of kokucindezelwa. Amapharamitha yomsebenzi pistons wabonisa ukubaluleka ezithile lokhu Inkomba zona ahloselwe. Uma injini akusho isitoko, kufanele kucatshangelwe.
4. Isisindo. Ukubaluleka kwalesi ipharamitha, wathi pistons olwengeziwe. Ngokuvamile, ephansi isisindo sabo, ngcono.
5. Amandla. Amapharamitha yomsebenzi pistons kubonisa amandla esiphezulu kuwo anele ukuphepha wekhasi. Ungafaki izingxenye ku injini izici ezinhle njengoba umthwalo ngokweqile kungaholela bafake yabo okusheshayo nasekubhujisweni.

Ukwahlukana kusuka pistons yabalingisi

Standard Analogue kubhekwa izingxenye baphonswa pistons. Bavame bahlinza izinjini ejwayelekile, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ayifanele ephezulu amandla amandla amayunithi. Okokuqala, banalo isisindo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Okwesibili, pistons ingxubevange unefomu routing. Okwesithathu, lezi izingxenye kukhona okonakele kusukela embonini, izimbotshana ethulwa, inclusions angaphandle, Bubbles, okuyizinto ongabonakali futhi awaveli ekusebenziseni ifoni okuvamile e ejwayelekile amandla amayunithi.

Nokho, amandla okwandisa kuholela okwandisa imithwalo (lokushisa nokucindezelwa) kuzinto eziningi imoto ngokuyinhloko injini. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi ukukhubazeka okukhulunywa kungaholela ngokuhlaziya noma kokusha ngokusebenzisa we piston. Lokhu kungenzeka, isibonelo, ngemva kokumiswa crankshaft non crank engaba.

izinzuzo

Umthelela omuhle ka pistons kokuzihlanganisa e nemingcele injini ngokuyinhloko ngenxa isisindo sabo ongaphakeme. Isisindo izinto ezinjalo ngokwesilinganiso esingaphansi 50 amagremu cast analog. Ngokwesibonelo, pistons kokuzihlanganisa Vaz ukunikeza ekulondolozeni ephelele isisindo 400-600 g Lokhu kunciphisa amabutho inertial ngaphakathi isilinda. Ngenxa yalokhu ngesivinini, encishisiwe ukulahlekelwa mechanical, amandla iyakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, encishisiwe inertia umthwalo nezinye izakhi mshini crank, ezifana crankshaft, yokuxhuma izinduku kanye bushings. Okuwukuthi, bahlanganyele yayo liyakhuphuka.

pistons Futhi kokuzihlanganisa zihluke yabalingisi ubulukhuni okukhulu. Lesi sibalo 120-130 PC., Ngokunjalo ngoba nozakwabo empini, nguye amayunithi 80-90.

Ngaphandle idatha izinto zinezikhathi amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ukumelana lokushisa. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana ezishisayo ngebhayisikili ukuzinza njengabakhulu kunani waphonsa nozakwabo by izikhathi 5-6. Ngenxa yalesi pistons kokuzihlanganisa ukumelana 2500 Ukushisa-ukupholisa imijikelezo, ngenkathi imodeli ezisetshenziswa umphakathi 400 kuphela.

Encishisiwe ezishisayo ukunwetshwa Coefficient ukunciphisa ezishisayo igebe kwakuvunyelwe phakathi uMbhalo kanye piston kuze kube 0.05-0.06 mm.

ukuma

Ukuze wehlise isisindo pistons kokuzihlanganisa ube nohlobo okhethekile. Kulesi isicelo T-Iphrofayela akuphazamisi ukugeleza uwoyela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo engalingani ukunwetshwa ezishisayo (ngokuyinhloko zifana kuya ahlangene pin piston), abanye abakhiqizi ukukhiqiza onobuhle okusaqanda, perpendicular ahlangene pin piston. Ngakho, ngesikhathi amalahle into iba ukuma isiyingi, ngokuhambisana ukuma isilinda. Lokhu kunikeza Ukuthokomala uvumelane nabo nomunye, usabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo Laphezu kanye nokunciphisa ingress amagesi crankcase esuka egumbini amandla omlilo.

amaphutha

I ethile eyinhloko ye-piston kokuzihlanganisa, kunalapho olubunjiwe, cabangela umonakalo omkhulu, futhi kokubili ezingxenyeni futhi ukufakwa. Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo ukukhiqizwa kubangelwa pistons eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyodingeka sina ukutshala ukufakwa yabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lo msebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi kufanele uthemba amakhosi professional, futhi kulokhu akudingi nje kuphela kokufaka, kodwa futhi ukuba wenze ngendlela ofisa ngayo imininingwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkolelo ukuthi pistons kokuzihlanganisa ukwenza imoto ngaphezulu ezinomsindo ngokuziqhathanisa yasekuqaleni yabalingisi izingxenye. Nokho, lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela evuthayo-up imoto. Lesi sici ngenxa umehluko ukunwetshwa okuza. Ngesisekelo pistons omgunyathi ukuze kancane ukwandisa igebe ne odongeni isilinda. Ngakho-ke, injini kubanda ngemininingwane esinjalo kakhulu. Nokho, ngemva Ukushisa, lapho pistons kudluliselwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, igebe lokushisa kuyehla, umsindo luyaphela.

isicelo

Njengoba ukuqonda kusukela ngenhla, pistons kokuzihlanganisa esetshenziswa izinjini augmented. Lezi zingxenye ezithinta izici eziningi powertrains. Bona ukwandisa kokubili ukusebenza nokuthembeka.

Ukuhambisana nesikhathi

Zibheke ekusebenziseni pistons kokuzihlanganisa esikhundleni yabalingisi kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko izici ukusetshenziswa imoto. Ukuze nemibandela ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke ngokwanele cast izingxenye. analogs kokuzihlanganisa ngokuvamile uma Tuning injini. Futhi ngisho esimweni esinjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwawo akuhlali njalo ezifanele.

imininingwane enjalo ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kokuwela motors encane. izingxenye Standard ezinye izinjini ezemidlalo nezisetshenziswa esanele ukuthuthukisa amandla non-kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezivame kakhulu injini enjalo izingxenye Vaz (isib pistons kokuzihlanganisa "Niwa" futhi pistons omgunyathi ukuze "Ngaphambi").

Lezi zingxenye azisetshenziselwa izimoto. Ungakwazi ukufaka kokuzihlanganisa pistons abebehamba ngesithuthuthu. Silungisa onobuhle ezemidlalo luvamile ngempela. Ngezinye izikhathi Ushintshe izithuthuthu abavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye isethi kokuzihlanganisa pistons kwi "Ural".

Izimiso ukusetshenziswa kanye izindleko

Ibhekwa imininingwane esetshenziswa uma kufakwa turbocharger. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kubalulekile ukuze siphile ukulondolozwa injini, ngoba kwandisa izinga lokushisa kanye umthwalo workpiece, okuvame ukuholela kokusha pistons. Kokuzihlanganisa turbo engine pistons ngokuvamile elisetshenziswa ikhithi nabanye crankshaft nama-rod emise H-.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukufakwa kudingekile ukunikeza Ukupholisa umphetho nezingxenye phansi kuchazwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha maslorazbryzgivayuschie Imibhobho esemzimbeni.

Intengo kokuzihlanganisa pistons "Niva" (isethi), isibonelo, uqala ruble 4500. Ukuze isithuthuthu yasekhaya zibiza kancane.