Pavel Filonov: A Biography umdwebi

Filonov Pavel Nikolayevich - i umdwebi oluvelele isiRashiya, umculi ingcaca, imbongi, ubuciko umhlaziyi. Njengoba ayezalelwe emkhayeni ompofu eMoscow ngo-1883. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, kwadingeka abhekane nobunzima nobunzima. Eziyizintandane ekuseni, wazakhela eziphilayo yakhe izithombe retouching, zokudla kuhlanzekile yini efekethisiwe kanye napkins, amaphosta zaveza emaphaketheni yezimpahla. Talent ngomdwebo, umfana sekukhona eneminyaka engu-emithathu kuya kwemine.

Ngo-1897 wathuthela Petersburg, lapho eqala ukuthatha izifundo in umdwebo. Ngo-1908, eneminyaka engu-engu-25 Filonov wangena Petersburg Academy of Arts, kodwa ngo-1910 waxoshwa ngoba nitinikele bavukele ngobulukhuni oprofesa Academy, ukuphoqelela abafundi bakhe amazinga we-classic. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wayezama yokuzenza umculi ezimele, nokungababekezeleli ukuze ezivamile amasiko yobuhle. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, uPavel Filonov isinyathelo ngokumelene kokubili okwangempela zakudala ngokumelene avant-garde kwekhulu, okungukuthi Cubism futhi Futurism. Wacasulwa ngezimiso Jomethri nalabo mechanical ubuciko, kunenkolelo yokuthi abamele lezi zinkombandlela ahumushe nemvelo kakhulu kulula, wagxila nje ezimbili izici zayo: umbala nokuma.

Njengoba indoda cishe self-wafundisa ka eside bokusungula ikhono, umculi akakaze kuthengisiwe imidwebo bakhe futhi akazange ubhalele oda. izifundo Private ekusondeleni Pavel Filonov wathatha Leo Evgrafovich Dmitrieva eCaucasus, womqophi ku ithusi, etcher kanye umdwebi, ngokuvakashela kwakhe "Workshop kubafundi." Ngo-1911, umdwebi uyaqhubeka olungcwele oluya. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha, ehamba ngezinyawo ngokusebenzisa Russia, i-Middle East, Italy naseFrance. Ukuze ukhokhele nokokwembatha, yena zibe izindonga kulezo izindlu lapho ukhona umpheme.

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uPavel Filonov Walwa ngezihluthu Romanian. Ngokungenamibandela wamukela Okthoba Revolution, usihlalo wakhethwa ebhodini esiphezulu iDanube esifundeni. Lapho ebuyela Petrograd, wamisa studio imidwebo, okwadala indawo eziningi imikhiqizo waseshashalazini, imifanekiso ukuze nendumezulu Finnish "Kalevala".

Imisebenzi emibili, ebhalwe ngo-1910, kulindelwe ukuthuthukiswa indlela kohlaziyo umdwebi. Lokhu "ongumlimi Komkhaya" nesithi "ekhanda", ngenxa okuyinto Pavel Filonov waxoshwa Academy. Abantu ayephila nabo abazange baqonde nabo.

"Umhlaba liyachuma" - elanikezwa ngu isimiso ngcweti yobuciko kohlaziyo, okuyinto ukucwaninga kubofuturisticheskogo yi ngofaka kuye 1913-1915, ngokulandelana. It libhekene ke indlela okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo kakhulu futhi detalizovannye - isithombe adalwe kusuka iphuzu ukuze umfanekiso ezivamile ( "njengoba amila okusanhlamvu") we thinnest ka emabhulashini kanye ipensela abukhali on a surface owendlalekile. Izithombe ube amaphuzu amaningi umbono (njengaku Cubism), kodwa esekelwe isimiso simultaneity, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo Futurism. nefilosofi umculi sabonakala emsebenzini, "izimbali Flowers emhlabeni" ngo-1915. Khona-ke kwaba noshintsho futhi ishicilelwe kwifomu we "Declaration 'ngo-1923, lapho uPavel Filonov Nikolaevich wamiswa njengombonisi womfundisi ngesikhathi Petrograd Academy of Arts. "Imibono yamaKhomanisi Art Analytical" esanyatheliswa ngo-1930.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ithalente lakhe Amazing ubelokhu eqashelwa ku 1920, umdwebi kamuva uthola ukuqonda phakathi a baxgeki. embukisweni yaKhe ngokukusho lapho Russian Museum eqinisweni uvinjelwe khona, futhi abafundi nabangane amshiya. Mikhail Larionov kanye Natalia Goncharova thutha Velimir Khlebnikov wafa. Yena ngokwakhe akazange akwenze uzama ukuthola indlela yokuphuma, ngoba wayengumuntu singayivumeli noma ikuphi ukuhlehla. Wenqaba iqhaza embukisweni e Paris, Dresden, Venice, nase-USA. Filonov wayefuna ukubona imisebenzi yakhe ngesikhathi kuqala ezweni, waphupha yokudala Museum of the art kohlaziyo. Kathathu wayilahla ukuqhutshelwa professorship at the Academy of Arts, sabakhuthaza isinqumo sakhe ngokuthi wayesaba nokushintshashintsha ne isikhundla. Ngo-1930, ukuphila isishintshile kukho okubi. Kodwa naphezu ngosizi lothandekayo, wanamathela eminakweni zokudala. Nokho, indlala abandayo futhi unqobe. Disemba 3, 1941, ekuqaleni nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad, uPavel Filonov eshonile efulethini lakhe.