Papier-Mache - kuyini? Papier-Mache

Ngo isiRashiya kuyathakazelisa kusukela izwi French "papier-Mache". Kuyini lokhu? Ehunyushiwe kusho "iphepha zhovanaya." Empeleni, kuba okubalulekile ukuthi kusekelwe iphepha noma amakhadibhodi ezinesisindo ingcina. Futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu Hack ngokuthi papier-Mache. Photo wezinto ezimangalisayo ezenziwe kule nqubo, kuholele kujabule abalandeli abaningi ngenalithi.

Izinhlobo papier-Mache

Kunezinhlobo eziningana le nto, kuye ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe ngalo senziwa.

1. izingcezu Layer-gluing sephepha isifanekiso ngokuthi papier-Mache. Ukuthi kuyini, bayazi cishe yonke into, ngoba ujwayele lobu buchwepheshe likhona Uhlelo wesikole sezifundo e umsebenzi wezandla.

2. Inhlama viscous, wenza ngesisekelo iphepha, kashoki glue, kuyiphi indlela wokubumba noma Castings olubunjiwe wenza izinto ezahlukene, ebizwa nangokuthi i-papier-Mache. Ukuthi kuyini, akwaziwa ngoba sikhulu kakhulu, njengoba lokhu ubuchwepheshe liyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu design futhi yakhelwe isikhathi eside ukwakhiwa uyaca uqobo.

3. ukuma weJiyomethri lezinto eyenziwe izingqimba eziningana amakhadibhodi, okuyinto ethe njo ngongqimba yomiswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi - futhi papier-Mache.

Kuyini - ungqimba gluing?

Lena indlela yokuthi kungenziwa ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba into yokuqala elula kancane. Ukuze wenze yezandla aphume Paper Mache ngezandla zabo, inkosi uzodinga: isifanekiso isibonelo nokunamathisela ngqo yena ukunamathisela kanye izicucu zamaphepha.

Ukuze imodeli uhlala uncorrupted, ungqimba wokuqala iphepha oswakanyiswe amanzi plain kanye izingqimba ezimbili isetshenziswa ebusweni isifanekiso. Khona-ke, izingqimba abalandelayo sebevele eziboshiwe nge kunenze nisondelane izingoma. Ngenxa yale njongo, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi glue Abefundisi, kodwa ngenxa ukonga izindleko ukupheka unama of isitashi nofulawa plain.

Ngokuvamile kudingeka sibekezelele izingqimba 100 ukuze yezandla ezenziwe papier-Mache, enziwe ngezandla zakhe, uqine ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukisa enqabeni igebe phakathi izingqimba lephepha kuvuleke Indwangu ukuthi luqiniswe umkhiqizo. Kodwa uma sikhuluma a papier-Mache Wabasaqalayo, the ukuqinisa kuyoba ngokweqile.

Indlela ukupheka unama

Ngaphandle evamile isitaki-ingcina master ekulondolozeni ngokuvamile basebenzisa okuzenzela yasibamba izidakamizwa by ekukhiqizeni papier-Mache. ukulungiselela Manual of nokunamathisela - Ukwakheka esekelwe kafulawa noma isitashi - ulula. Ngamafuphi, ingabe isimiso jelly ukupheka.

1. pan is wathela amanzi (2 amalitha) wakufaka ababezowabilisa.

2. Ngalesi sikhathi, esitsheni esincane ezifana ingilazi, enyakaza ku amagremu 100 abandayo amanzi 3 wezipuni ufulawa isitashi noma ezivamile (flours asihambisani ne izithasiselo ezifana oladevaya noma Pancake).

3. Esikhathini amanzi abilayo elachithwa emfudlaneni elincanyana ngenkathi ibangele ekumisweni i ufulawa asebenzayo ngamanzi futhi imenze ngamathumba. Ngokuvamile, ngemva ukunamathisela iphuzu iba zibuthuntu ezimhlophe nabanye ngale.

4. Namathisela kudingeka sokwehlisa intukuthelo futhi ungaqala ukwenza papier-Mache ezivela emaphephandabeni.

Indlela ukulungiselela isifanekiso

Ungasebenzisa ngomumo eyenziwe amathoyizi, buso, amabhokisi ngobuciko. Ngemva nokunamathisela we preform iphepha ngokuvamile ukusika ngommese obukhali noma sawing neengcezu lithi wanqunywa, le neengcezu ovulekile futhi athathe isifanekiso ithoyizi. Khona-ke neengcezu ukuba banamathele nomunye eduze umphetho.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esandleni akuyona isifanekiso efanelekayo izihloko eyenziwe papier-Mache. Ukwenza inhlukano into wizadi ozosetshenziswa nokunamathisela, futhi, akuyona oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ivame ukutholakala esakhiwe ngezinto ozenza atholakale zihlanganiswa ndawonye Midway amakhadibhodi amasilinda aphume imiqulu toilet paper noma iphepha amathawula, iimbumbeko alinalutho noma amabhokisi juice kanye nobisi.

Kusekuningi ukulungiselela ukhetho isibonisi njengoba vyleplivanie ke bumba, ubumba, ngisho ukusetshenziswa Balloons.

Ukumodela izihloko lephepha uginindela

Uma ufuna ukwenza onodoli kusukela papier-Mache ke ungaphikisana kokubili kuqala futhi ukhetho lwesibili. Ngoba kokubili izindlela edingekayo isifanekiso. Uma kungekho ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukwenza kube bebodwa, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo kakade ngenhla.

Kukhona inketho lapho doll ka papier-Mache smearing oluqanjwe isisindo esekelwe iphepha isifanekiso. Ngemuva omiswe libuye Kunconywa ukusika ungqimba engenhla, ingawuthinti isifanekiso ukuhlukanisa hlangana neengcezu komunye nomunye, ususe isakhiwo. Khona-ke, papier-Mache neengcezu eligoqiwe futhi ethe njo ndawonye.

Ungakwazi sculpt ebaziwe lephepha uginindela "kusukela ekuqaleni", usebenzisa kuphela dweba, isithombe noma isithombe. Nokho, le ndlela kufana kuphela kulabo bantu babe ithalente ezithile.

Ziningi izinto zenziwa papier-Mache ngesikhathi esifushane - kungenzeka!

Papier-Mache, esakhiwa ngo ukwakha iphepha ekubunjweni kanye mass ingcina, ekahle batch ukukhiqizwa izinto ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-ifomu kufanele usebenzise abicah sealant. Kungenzeka futhi ukwenza kube aphume usimende. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ifomu kufanele ifake hlangana neengcezu ezimbili.

I sealant lisetshenzisiwe isifanekiso kokufumbathisa, uma kungenzeka ngokulinganayo. Plasticine isakhiwo nokho ichaze uwoyela. Khona-ke, lo preform kufanele ome kahle. Ngemva kokususa isikhunta kusukela layout kubalulekile ukulungisa ebhokisini nge usawoti noma isihlabathi phezulu ingaphakathi. Khona-ke voids abeke ungqimba obukhulu ngaphandle komoya izikhala, isisindo futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ome.

Ngemva ukususwa kusukela neengcezu isikhunta of izikhala ethe njo, kwagcwala primer kanye upende. Ekupheleni kunconywa ukubeka ungqimba ukuvenisha.

Khonka isikhunta wenza ebhokisini, lapho ukhonkolo zangaphambi labhubhisa ngokwanele ukuvumelana obukhulu. Isifanekiso futhi gcoba noma glycerine kanye nengxenye-kwamanzi ketshezi. Ngemuva omiswe, owokuqala isikhunta isakhiwo akhishwa. Indlela ngokudala isikhunta iyaphindwa, kodwa yehlela kwelesibili isigamu usimende isifanekiso.

Ukukhiqizwa kwengaphakathi for yezandla kanye eziqoshiwe

Uma kukhethwe master papier-Mache based iphepha othambile, izithasiselo ezomile kanye anamathelayo, khona-ke kufanele ukwazi indlela yokwenza isisindo udini noma ekubunjweni imifanekiso.

Kukhona ukwakhiwa eziningana lolu ngqimba.

1. Ukubhidliza iphepha yangasese futhi ofakwe amanzi ashisayo ngosuku.
2. Lokhu kulandelwa kahle xova Roll mass. Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukwenza lokhu sokuprakthiza nge gwedla phezu grinder.
3. Ukungeza usimende ezomile, kanjalo inkosi kususa uketshezi ngokweqile kanye ephumelelisa kwabantu uyaca. Ungagcwalisa kuze ufulawa ku uginindela iphepha, kodwa ke kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi engadlanga ketshezi kungalimala. Abaningi engeza ufulawa wokulinganisa, kodwa ke umkhiqizo kuyinto siphuka kalula kunokuba ngodaka papier-Mache.
4. Nalapha Mix ezifuywa kahle mass glue joiner sika, walungisa ngokusho iresiphi ukukhiqizwa yayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi ezinye glues. Nokho, umbazi ngeke sivumele ukuba asheshe aqonde usimende, okuyinto ebalulekile. Isisindo okukhipha kufanele zifane ubumba okunamafutha, ugcine ukuma okuhle, kodwa akusho unamathele ezandleni.
5. Ingxube wafakwa esetshenziswa ngokushesha, kodwa uyivumele ngilala ebusuku esiqandisini. Kuze kube yimanje, i-mass uhlukaniswe izingxenye zomhlatshelo kilogram (ubuningi isigamu amakhilogramu) futhi igcwele ezikhwameni plastic.

Abanye abaculi ukunikela ukuze ungeze mass ezinye spoonfuls samafutha zemifino.

Eyesibili indlela ihlukile kuqala ukuthi izingxenye ezomile (powder, wokulinganisa noma Gypsum) sengezwe ke. Kodwa ngemva sifakwe emanzini bayathinteka iphepha ngokusebenzisa cheesecloth, nokususa uketshezi olunqwabelene, kodwa ngaphandle kwekutfola ukoma yayo egcwele.

Isigaba wokulungiselela kokudaliweyo wobuciko sculptural

Yiqiniso, zonke iqala imibono yombhali. Lapho umculi kwenza indaba emfushane ka yezandla esizayo papier-Mache ngezandla zakhe, emcabangweni wakhe uba wabuka yangempela kakade. Nokho, abanye, thathani isisekelo yabo imidwebo ekhona kakade noma izithombe, futhi okuyinto isiqala ukusebenza.

Okulandelayo, ingcweti wire futhi izindlela ngokurhaba ukhiqiza Uhlaka ebaziwe. Phela lezi wokulungiselela uHlelo Lobhalomfihlo wabe inqubo yokumodela. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kusayithi skeleton Clumsy kwavela wobuciko.

Imifanekiso ezenziwe iphepha uginindela

Akuwona wonke umuntu kungasiza fantasy sicabange ukuthi abaculi kweqiniso bayakwazi ukudala aphume papier-Mache. Photo iningi lalezi obukhulu kuzo sculptural art uthakazelisa futhi wenze zibabaza amakhono we amakhosi yaleli cala.

Uma umkhiqizo usuphelelwe isikhathi futhi omile, kufika yesibili esiteji enkulu yomsebenzi. Manje master smooths kobuso ebaziwe, ukukusingatha ngesinye isendlalelo ezondile papier-Mache. Ngokuvamile lichaza ekwakheni i akhombe yezandla papier-Mache ngezandla ukungezwa ketshezi (amanzi kanye glue), ukuze uginindela isibe kahle, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngempela olubucayi.

Ngemva kwenye inkosi ezomile ucosha ngommese obukhali futhi ngokucophelela ezinquma zonke engadingekile. Khona-ke, usebenzisa nazhdachki mncane kuthiwa abaphundlwe konke semfene.

Priming nokudweba imikhiqizo - esigabeni lokugcina futhi final umsebenzi. Kungenziwa embozwe lacquer eseqedile umkhiqizo.

imikhiqizo Paint kusukela papier-Mache

Ngisho umkhiqizo kakhulu elula efana ebhokisini noma udonga ipuleti, zokuhlobisa izitsha kanye emathileyi, umculi kweqiniso ezingenza abe indalo enhle. Ebhekisela zabuna, abaculi ukudala imisebenzi omangalisayo. Palekh, Khokhloma futhi Gzhel, Fedoskino futhi miniature Oriental - zonke lezi zindawo namuhla bukaJehova kubonakala papier-Mache.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ...

Kungakhathaliseki inqubo yokwenza imikhiqizo ephuma papier-Mache ngikhethe inkosi eyodwa, noma umqondo wakhe wokudala, kubalulekile ukuthi umdwebi ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe ukuze amandla ayo, bazibeke, uzama adlulisele kwabanye lokho uyabakhathalela. Yingakho, mhlawumbe, ngemuva kokubona izithombe yobuciko eenkhulwini wangempela umphefumulo iba ukukhanya nenjabulo. Yiba zokudala futhi dala, ukwakha, futhi kungenzeka kunqobe izwe lobuhle!