Onkulunkulu India

Enkulungwaneni yesibili yeminyaka BC. e. kwaba yisikhathi lapho eNdiya izizwe zama-Aryan Bahlala futhi abasuka Iran. Ngakho-ke, limi kanye namasiko bezizwe ezimbili babe ahlobene eduze, njengoba kubonakala enkulumweni namahlelo nezinkolo. Ukudala izinganekwane amaVeda libiza le nkathi, njengoba kubonakala lesikhumbuzo kwezincwadi Indian, le Rig Veda, okuyinto eqoqwe engaphezu kwenkulungwane emaculweni anikezelwe onkulunkulu.

Njengoba in izinganekwane lasendulo, onkulunkulu India okufakiwe kuze kube ngebulili. Ehola ababaziwa kwaba Dyaus, yena wayengunkulunkulu esibhakabhakeni nokukhanya ezulwini. Nokho, e-Rigveda lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa yakhe kwaba usevele isimo yokuqothulwa. Zonke bonke onkulunkulu amaVeda, kwakukhona onkulunkulu bamanga engamashumi amathathu nantathu. Abanye babo baphila emhlabeni, kuyilapho ezinye waphila ezulwini, futhi eyesithathu sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi jikelele.

Kamuva amaculo unkulunkulu ophakeme ngokuthi Varuna. Wayengumuntu umahluleli, esesabekayo Punisher abantu ngenxa yezono zabo. Esikhathini izinganekwane of the Rig Veda ibizwa ngokuthi inhloko yabangamashumi kela Indra - unkulunkulu wokuduma, owabahlula udrako Vritra, ezazifuna ukuba sidle yonke. Abanye onkulunkulu ohlonishwa kakhulu India, ezichazwe yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi Rig Veda kuyinto umlilo unkulunkulu Agni, unkulunkulu engcwele isiphuzo Soma. Ngaphezu kwalokho kubo bonke onkulunkulu onkulunkulu babe, samuntu zemvelo: nonkulunkulu welanga Surya, unkulunkulukazi kokusa Ushas, ngamawele Ashwins ezazihlobene zangaphambi kokusa kuhwelela, kusihlwa.

Esikhathini Rig Veda kubonakala esigabeni bokuqala ukudalwa izinganekwane, lapho izakhi nonkulunkulu bezinto ezingabonakali. Ngakho, onkulunkulu yeNdiya lasendulo ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: asuras futhi devas. Lezi zindawo okokuqala owakhiwe emoyeni futhi kamuva eyabizwa waqonda njengoba umuntu nobutha izakhi laba balobi abakuloba. Devas okuthiwa onkulunkulu.

Ngu pozdnevediyskim izikhumbuzo etemibhalo zihlanganisa Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda futhi umjikelezo uBrahman. Baye wathola ukuthuthukiswa kanye kwemvelo nasekutheni yiziphi izinkolelo wangaleyo nkathi. Phambili uqokelwe unkulunkulu umdali Prajapati. Lalibizwa ngokuthi umdali wendawo yonke futhi uyise wonkulunkulu. Kancane kancane washintsha indima abanye onkulunkulu, mhlawumbe lathathwa namahlelo non-Aryan. Vishnu - omunye wabo. UBrahman igama lakhe kwakuhambisana nezinga ilanga izinganekwane nezinkolelo emhlatshelweni oyisiko. UbuNkulunkulu Rudra, kamuva atholwe igama Siva, ugxile izici zakudala wezenkolo ngaphambili ezizwe owayehlala India phambi ukufika Aryans.

Babefanele amathempeli ekhethekile. Ukuze emikhosini ekhethekile, okuyinto yafuna onkulunkulu India, wakha ama-altare. Ngezinye izikhathi, iye yazuza ukuma angajwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesimo inyoni. Bona kwenziwe umhlatshelo. Esikhathini kamuva Vedas basishintsha isimo sabo ukuze imicikilisho. Manje, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi onkulunkulu abanamandla phambi kompristi, abenza izenzo abe ukubaluleka imilingo. Abapristi okuthiwa onkulunkulu basemhlabeni.

Sebefikile onkulunkulu entsha India, Vishnu and Shiva, Indra wehlisa indima, waya eceleni kwendlela. Shintsha ukubaluleka kanye nezinye izithombe. Varuna baba unkulunkulu amanzi emhlabeni futhi emkhathini, Soma waba unkulunkulu zenyanga. Ezinye ezincane (ababaziwa ubudala) abangu nya.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi amaVeda, benza imfundiso kaZiqu-karma. Ngokusho kwakhe inombolo ngezenzo ezinhle bi bophezela empilweni yami indoda, bukwazi ukuthonya nokuzalwa kabusha yayo. Umphefumulo uya ngemuva ukufa ezulwini noma esihogweni, bese uthuthela kwenye isidalwa esiphilayo. Lichaza ngesimo somuntu emphakathini: isijeziso ngenxa yezono ngaphambili noma umvuzo ngemisebenzi emihle. Circle wokuzalwa ukhathazekile abantu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi onkulunkulu.

Kusukela ezinsukwini uBrahman umcondvo wemandla cosmic ukuthi ungathenga umuntu ukuzitika atehlukanisa bahlushwa kwenyama ukuzila. Ngakho Kwakukhona ibutho izinganekwane ephikisana izithombe. Unkulunkulu entsha - Brahma, esikhundleni ikhanda ababaziwa pozdnevediyskomu Prajapati. Inani Shiva futhi Vishnu yanda, futhi Indra, nakuba kubhekwa "njengenkosi yonkulunkulu," wathuthela isikhundla okhonzile. Esikhathini kamuva Vedas Yama wabonakala, indoda emva ngokubulawa akukwazanga wabavulela indlela yokuya embusweni ngemva kokufa, waba yinkosi lapho.

Archaism basezinganekwaneni amaVeda nolimi, kukusiza ukuba ufunde esidlule yazo zonke izizwe Indo-European futhi phakathi uxhumano ezijulile ekhona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo India, nonkulunkulu balo, ahlale isihloko isithakazelo ezingafi kuze kube yilolu suku.