Omar Khayyam: A Biography. Omar Khayyam: amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Omar Khayyam, Biography iDemo okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi iphepha, yazalwa ngo-Nishapur Meyi 18, 1048. Nishapur itholakala empumalanga Iran, esifundazweni yamasiko Khorasan. Lo muzi wawuyinhloko-indawo lapho ukujabulisa wabutha eziningi abantu abavela ezigodini ezihlukahlukene Iran ngisho basemazweni angomakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Nishapur ubhekwa izindawo eziyinhloko yamasiko isikhathi e-Iran. Edolobheni kusukela ngekhulu le-11 isinyathelo madrasas - izikole ezinhlobo ephakeme kanye yesibili. Komunye wayo wafundiswa futhi Omar Khayyam.

Biography ngesiRashiya kuhilela ukuhunyushwa namabizoqho. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi umfundi kuyadingeka futhi uhlelo olubhalwe ngolimi lwesiNgisi, isibonelo, uma udinga ukuthola izinto ngesiNgisi. Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuhumushela: "Omar Khayyam: A Biography"? "Omar Khayyam: Biography" - inguqulo yohlelo.

Esakhula Khayyam

Ngeshwa, ulwazi ngabo akwanele, njengoba ulwazi mayelana nokuphila kwabantu abaningi abadumile basendulo. Biography of Omar Khayyam esemncane kuphawulwa yokuthi wayephila Nishapur. Ingabe akukho lwazi mayelana nomkhaya wakhe. Isidlaliso Khayyam, njengoba wazi, kusho "Itende master", "beshiya isiminyaminya nesiphithiphithi sasemadolobheni". Lokhu kuvumela abacwaningi ukwenza nokucabanga ukuthi uyise wayengumGreki ummeleli izikebhe imibuthano. Umndeni, noma kunjalo, unawo amandla okwenza esanele asinika indodana yakhe imfundo esezingeni elifanele.

Ezemfundo imakwe ekuphileni kwayo kwakamuva. Omar Khayyam afunda kwesayensi madrasas Nishapur, ngaleso sikhathi okwakwaziwa ngokuthi isikhungo ahlukile, okuyinto olungiselelwe inkonzo yomphakathi wezikhulu. Ngemva kwalokho u-Omar baqhubeka yemfundo yakhe e Samarkand futhi Balkh.

Ulwazi olutholakala Khayyam

Wayenezinkomo ezihlukahlukene yemvelo futhi ngqo wesayensi: geometry, nezibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi, i-physics. Omar futhi ngokuqondile wafunda ngomlando, koranovedenie, theosophy, ifilosofi setha wesayensi philological, owayeneminyaka ingxenye nomqondo imfundo ngaleso sikhathi. Wayazi izincwadi Arabhu, ngamakhala Arabhu, futhi wayazi izinto eziyisisekelo versification. Omar yayinekhono ekuphiliseni ngezinkanyezi, futhi wafunda umculo theory.

Khayyam wayazi kahle ngobunyoninco ngekhanda, mina ongachazela noma yiliphi ivesi. Ngakho-ke, ngisho izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ovelele East ukuvusela Omar iseluleko. imibono yakhe, Nokho, abazange wangena Islam ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo Orthodox.

Eyokuqala okutholakele emkhakheni wezibalo

Okuvunjululwe kuqala kwi-mathematics imakwe ekuphileni kwayo kwakamuva. Omar Khayyam wakwenza lokhu isayensi uze kuqala ezifundweni zabo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-25, wenza kokutholakala kuqala kwi-mathematics. Esikhathini 60s kwekhulu le-11 wanyathelisa umsebenzi kule isayensi, okuletha udumo njengesazi sesayensi oluvelele. ababusi ukusekelwa uqale amnike Ukuvikelwa.

Ukuphila enkantolo Hakan Shams al-Mulk

Ababusi Ngekhulu le-11 ligcwaliswe nomunye ubukhazikhazi suite. Bona bayengelwa yizikhonzi abafundile. Ezinethonya kunazo umane anxenxa inkantolo baba yezimbongi ezidumile nezazi. Hhayi lisinde kulokhu ukudalelwa futhi Omar. Izikhungo ophezulu enkantolo futhi waklonyeliswa yomlando wakhe.

Omar Khayyam, kuqala kwaholela umsebenzi wakhe yesayensi esigodlweni Prince Hakan Shams al-Mulk, e eBukhara. Ngokusho umlobi wezenzakalo kwekhulu le-11, eBukhara umbusi ezungezwe nodumo Omar ngisho wambeka esihlalweni sobukhosi eceleni kwakhe.

Isimemo sokwenza Isfahan

Ngalesi sikhathi siye sakhula futhi osungulwe Elikhulu Seljuk Empire. Tugulbek, umbusi Seljuk, e 1055 yanqoba Baghdad. Wathi yena umbusi Empire omusha, Sultan. Umbusi wamaSulumane u-balahlekelwa amandla ke imakwe inkathi sokuthuthukisa amasiko, ngokuthi Eastern Renaissance.

Lezi zenzakalo abathintekayo isiphetho Omar Khayyam. isikhathi okusha uyaqhubeka biography yayo. Omar Khayyam e 1074 wamenywa ukuba emagcekeni ezigodlo ukukhonza emzini Isfahan. Ngalesi sikhathi, imithetho Sultan Malik Shah. Kulo nyaka kwaphawula ukuqala isikhathi esiyiminyaka engu-20 yomsebenzi wakhe ezinezithelo yesayensi, zathola imiphumela okwathi kamuva laba ekhaliphile. Ngalesi sikhathi emzini Isfahan laliyinhloko-dolobha amandla Seljuk, owawusuka eMedithera imingcele China.

Ukuphila esigodlweni Malik Shah

Omar waba zokuhlonipha zazikuphi sultan okukhulu. Ngokusho yetinsita Nizam al-Mulk ngisho wamthembisa ukuphatha Nishapur nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Omar wathi uyabona ukuthi akanakuba iyakwenqabela futhi enjoin lokho kuyadingeka ukuze uthole ukuphathwa kwabantu. Sultan wammisa iholo obuyizinkulungwane 10. Dinars Igolide ngonyaka (isamba omkhulu) ukuze Khayyam ngokukhululekile bahlanganyele isayensi.

ukuphathwa Observatory

Khayyam wamenywa ukuphatha Observatory esigodlweni. Sultan eqoqwe okungcono zezinkanyezi ophezulu enkantolo futhi abelwe eningi ukuthengwa kwemishini emisha. umsebenzi wokudala ikhalenda entsha isifakwe phambi Omar. Ngekhulu le-11 e-Asia Ephakathi futhi Iran ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona izinhlelo ezimbili: amakhalenda kwelanga nokwenyanga. Bobabili babephelele. Ngu-March 1079 inkinga yaxazululeka. Khayyam ezihlongozwayo ikhalenda kwaba 7 imizuzwana izinyathelo eziqondile namuhla Gregorian (athuthukile ngekhulu le-16)!

Omar Khayyam wahola Observatory ababecabanga yezinkanyezi. Kule nkathi yakhe yezinkanyezi kwathiwa uhlobane nokufundwa kwezinkanyezi, okuyinto Ephakathi, kuyinto isayensi ngekucindzetelwa esisebenzayo. Futhi Omar wawuyingxenye retinue ka Malik Shah njengoba umeluleki wakhe futhi ngezinkanyezi. udumo lwakhe njengoba phrofethi waba mkhulu.

Intuthuko entsha kwi-mathematics

Ngesikhathi enkantolo Isfahan, Omar Khayyam ukuthi uyabandakanyeka wezibalo. Ngo 1077, wadala umsebenzi weJiyomethri enikelwe nokuchazwa nezimo ezinzima Euclid. Waqale wanikeza ngezigaba oluphelele lwazo izinhlobo ezinkulu zibalo - cubic, sikwele, komugqa (inani 25 zinhlobo), futhi wadala imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuxazulula cubic zibalo. Nguye owokuqala kwaphakamisa umbuzo ngobuhlobo isayensi geometry ne-Aljibhra.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside Khayyam amabhuku ababezidlulela ososayensi European owadala geometry non-Euclidean kanye algebra entsha ephakeme. Futhi kwakumelwe kabusha ukuthatha elide eside ukuya nokuthi eminyaka 5-6 phambi kwabo sezivele wabeka Khayyam.

amakilasi nefilosofi

Khayyam ukuthi uyabandakanyeka izinkinga wefilosofi, ukutadisha ifa yesayensi Avicenna. Wahumusha ku Persian kusukela Arabhu, eminye yemisebenzi yakhe, ebabonisa emisha, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi indima ulimi isayensi kudlalwa Arabhu.

I indatshana wokuqala wefilosofi okukuwo kwadalwa 1080 ( "Treatise ngokuba khona futhi isibopho"). Khayyam wathi ukuthi ungumlandeli u-Avicenna, futhi wazwakalisa imicabango yabantu Islam kusukela ngokombono aristotelianstva empumalanga. Omar, beqaphela ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona njengoba nomnyombo izinto, wagomela ngokuthi oda ezithile izinto kunqunywa imithetho yemvelo, akusiyo umphumela ukuhlakanipha kwaphezulu. Lezi ukubukwa ngokuqinile ukuthi awavumelani nokubekelwa umbhedesho Muslim. Esikhathini indatshana base ebekwe ngamafuphi futhi ukuzibamba, Aesopian kungabhekisela ulimi ne-innuendo. Okuningi ngesibindi, ngezinye izikhathi abadelelayo ngesibindi, zisho amazwi anti-Islamic obonakaliswe izinkondlo of Omar Khayyam.

Biography: poems Khayyam

I izinkondlo ebhala kuphela Rubaie, okusho quatrains, lapho rhymed 1st, 2, 4, noma zonke mavesi amane. Wabadala for a lifetime. Khayyam wayengazange ebhaliwe izinkondlo laudatory ababusi. Rubaie ifomu sina zezinkondlo akuyona, njengoba imbongi, Omar Khayyam ayaziwangwa bangesikhathi sakhe. Futhi akazange unamathisele ukubaluleka kakhulu izinkondlo zabo. Bavele Cishe offhand, zokuphola.

Omar isikhundla esintengayo enkantolo

Ekupheleni 1092 yasihlephula oneminyaka engu-20 zazikujabulela ukuphila kwakhe esigodlweni Malik Shah. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-sultan wafa ezimweni akucacile. Futhi Nizam al-Mulk wadutshulwa ngemvula yezinhlamvu wabulawa ngenyanga ngaphambili. Ukufa abashisekeli ezimbili imithombo Khayyam sika medieval chasiselwe Ismailis, abamele inhlangano yenkolo nezombangazwe aqondiswe izikhulu Turkish. Ngemva kokufa Malik Shah, bona wamesabisa Isfahan ukwazi. Udlame kanye okulahla azalelwa yokwesaba Ugcwalise imfihlakalo edolobheni ukubulala. A emzabalazweni waqala ukuwa mbuso omkhulu.

Sawohloka isimo esigodlweni umfelokazi Omar Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. Owesifazane azange abathembe eseduze Nizam al-Mulk. Omar Khayyam uye wasebenza isikhathi esithile e-Observatory, kodwa ayikatholi okuqukethwe kwangaphambilini, akukho ukwesekwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wakhonza njengephayona udokotela ngezinkanyezi at Turkan Khatun.

Njengoba umsebenzi enkantolo sanqunywa Khayyam okufutshane

Indaba ukuthi yaphahlazeka umsebenzi wakhe enkantolo, manje seliye incwadi. It kungokwalabo 1097. Sanjar, uthunjana Malik Shah, kanye izinkontileka inkukhu Pox, futhi Khayyam, ngubani wamphatha, engaqondile waveza ukungabaza ukuthi umfana oneminyaka engu-11 ubudala bazaphila. Scooter bakhuluma amazwi abangu sayizwa inceku, futhi idluliselwe isiguli yindlalifa. Obani sultan esizayo, owabusa kusukela ngo 1118 by 1157 isimo Seljuk, Sanjar konke ukuphila kwakhe harbored ubutha Khayyam.

Ngemva kokufa Malik Shah Isfahan walahlekelwa isikhundla isikhungo esiyinhloko yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni esigodlweni. Benza nasesikhathini sokuphela, Observatory, futhi inhloko-dolobha washukumiseleka ukuba emzini Merv (Khorasan) yavalwa. Omar kwesokunxele inkantolo phakade, wabuyela Nishapur.

Ukuphila Nishapur

Lapha ahlala khona waze washona, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ephuma emzini ukuvakashela Balkh futhi eBukhara. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza uhambo olude ukuze izindawo Muslim ongcwele eMecca. Khayyam ezifundiswa madrasas Nishapur. Wayefanele umbuthano elincane labafundi. Ngezinye izikhathi wayebamba ukuthatha usosayensi rocket ababefuna emhlanganweni naye waba nengxenye mpikiswano ngokwesayensi.

Isikhathi bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe kwaba nzima kakhulu, lihlotshaniswa nokuswela nobuhlungu okuye eyenziwe nomzwangedwa ezingokomoya. Eminyakeni Nishapur nodumo Omar njengoba isazi sezinkanyezi nesazi sezibalo ingezwe enkazimulweni eliyisihlubuki freethinker. Ulaka zabalandeli Islam ngokuthi imibono yakhe zefilosofi.

ifa yezesayensi yefilosofi Khayyam

Biography of Omar Khayyam (dlala) ayikwazi ukukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngomsebenzi wakhe. Siphawula kuphela nefa lakhe elincane yesayensi nefilosofi. Ngokungafani u-Avicenna, eyandulela wakhe, Khayyam akazange adale luhlelo loluvumelanako zefilosofi. Izindatshana azibhala mayelana nezimfundiso ezihlobene kuphela imibuzo ngabanye wefilosofi, nakuba abaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye zazo bezingalotshwa Ngempendulo yesicelo kusuka izinhlangano zesikole noma ngokomoya. Eye yasinda imibhalo 5 kuphela yefilosofi Omar. Bonke bangabangasokile ezimfushane, emfushane, ngezinye izikhathi athathe amakhasi ambalwa.

Pilgrimage naseMecca, nokuphila edolobhaneni

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukungqubuzana abefundisi saba bucayi ukuze Khayyam waphoqeleka ukuba olungcwele oluya nzima futhi eside naseMecca (kule minyaka abadala kakade). Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela uhambo ukuze izindawo ezingcwele ngezinye izikhathi ke saqhubeka iminyaka. Omar esehlale isikhathi esithile e Baghdad. Ukufundisa yomlando wakhe liye iyavela Nizamiyya.

Omar Khayyam, mayelana okuphila siyazi, ngeshwa, hhayi eziningi, lapho efika ekhaya, waqala ukuphila edolobheni eliseduze Nishapur endlini esekusithekeni. Ngokusho kobufakazi wokuphila ephakathi, wayengashadile futhi izingane ayengazange. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi avaliwe sisengozini ngenxa izinsolo nokushushiswa.

Njengoba ngiye ngasebenzisa amahora lokugcina empilweni Omar Khayyam

Umlando iDemo ngesiRashiya usosayensi, isazi sefilosofi imbongi, lalotshwa eziningana ababhali. Yonke imithombo uyavuma ukuthi ngonyaka sokufa kwakhe hhayi ngokunembile ezaziwayo. Usuku okungenzeka kakhulu ubhekwa yakhe 1123. Kusukela umthombo wangekhulu le-12 wafika kithi indaba mayelana nendlela Khayyam achitha khona amahora lokugcina lokuphila. Le ndaba lezwakala livela izihlobo zakhe, Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki. Ngalolu suku, u-Omar uzifunde ngokucophelela "Encwadi Ukuphulukisa" eyabhalwa Avicenna. Ukufinyelela 'olulodwa futhi amaningi "Hayam ukubeka lokuvungula phakathi amashidi wacela kubantu abalungile ukuba benze intando yakhe. Omar akazange adle noma aphuze usuku lonke. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngomthandazo zokugcina, akhothamela phansi kusihlwa. Khona-ke, Khayyam wathi, ukuphendukela kuNkulunkulu, ukuthi wayazi ngangokunokwenzeka, nokuthi ukwazi ke - lena indlela eya kuso. Wayesefa. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi - ethuneni lakhe Nishapur.

Kusukela lokho kweminye imithombo ungafunda ngokuphila umuntu njengami Omar Khayyam? Biography TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) ngeke ezikufanelayo uma ulwazi nje eziyisisekelo ngakho. Ungase futhi ubheke kunyatheliswa incwadi Khayyam, esethulweni lapho ngokuvamile ukunikeza incazelo zokuphila kwakhe. Sinikeze ulwazi kuphela eziyisisekelo mayelana umuntu ezifana Omar Khayyam. Biography, ubuzwe bakhe, umlando wokuphila kwakhe, izinkondlo kanye namapheshana - konke lokhu nokunye okuningi abantu banesithakazelo namuhla. Ukhuluma ngokunqotshwa ukubaluleka ifa ukuthi ushiye, indima enkulu emlandweni ubuntu Omar Khayyam.