NgeSimo Sotshwala Osaneni. Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe

Odokotela awulona ize njalo waxwayisa ngezingozi utshwala, ikakhulukazi lezo ezimithi. Ngaphezu nomthelela omubi umzimba kamama, ithinta i-fetus ngaphakathi esibelethweni - ingane ongazange ngisho uzelwe.

Yeka indlela okuyingozi utshwala ngesikhathi ekhulelwe?

Yize iyisilwane esinamandla chemical teratogen, Ethanol kuholela umonakalo eziningi ezingenzeka embungwini. Yena ngokushesha kweqa isithiyo placenta futhi uthola ukuthi ingane, futhi okuhlushwa yayo egazini ingane ngokuvamile kunakunoma unina. Okuluhlaza enzyme izinhlelo ehilelekile umzimba ethanol, abakwazi iwukudambisa ngokugcwele utshwala. Ngenxa yalokho, umoya-mpilo akasinikanga ezingenzeka embungwini, okuyinto ngempela kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa yayo kanye ukubunjwa, okubangela ukubukeka fetus alcohol syndrome.

Kusolwa ukuthi umthamo abagxeka Ethanol okwesikhathi nomntwana esizalweni kulingana 30-60 ml ngosuku. Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inani ephephile utshwala akwenzeki nje.

Isithelo echayeke umphumela embryotoxic of ethanol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi senyanga yokuqala kubangela nengozi enkulu yokuzalwa bekhubazekile futhi ukufa fetus senyanga yesibili - kwesakhiwo CNS iziyaluyalu. Ezigabeni okugcina enkathi yokukhulelwa, lokhu kwencika kungabangela fetus ukukhula retardation.

Kuyini fetus alcohol syndrome?

Lona iqembu kombungu esizalweni ezinganeni, okubangwa umphumela teratogenic ka-ethanol. Lokhu zokugula libhekene ukubambezeleka ukukhula komntwana ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, dysmorphic ukubonakaliswa eziningi, retardation engqondo nokunye ukukhubazeka.

NgeSimo Sotshwala Osaneni - kuwuphawu, okuyinto sitholakale izingane zomama ahlupheke utshwala ezingamahlalakhona. Ngesisekelo umsuka lesi sifo ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi eziyingozi ETHYL utshwala kanye nemikhiqizo yayo noqhekeko embungwini ngaphakathi esibelethweni. Lokhu kungenzeka fast ukuwela Ethanol placenta esithinta kwesibindi, RNA zamagama futhi kuthuthwe ngendlela ephephile izakhi eziningi trace.

Imvamisa lokuzalwa izingane nale zokugula kuhluka amacala 1000 bashona ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Kwamanye amazwe, lezi zibalo siphakeme kakhulu kunalokhu. Ochwepheshe baye baphawula ukuthi kubantu kukhona umkhuba oqinile: kokuzalwa komntwana wakhe wokuqala abanokukhubazeka okunzima zentuthuko abazali musa sifinyelela iziphetho - ingane yesibili futhi kamuva e-70% amacala zenzeka ne uphethwe efanayo.

Umlando omncane

umbungu Okokuqala ngaphakathi ukuluthwa utshwala esibelethweni iye yachazwa ososayensi P. Lemoine. Watadisha iqembu izingane ezinomama abaphethwe ukulutheka, nokunye kutholakala izifo ezithile zentuthuko. Kamuva, kl Jones wabuye watshela ngemisebenzi ukuphambuka ezinganeni zomama akazange kusukela utshwala ngesikhathi ekhulelwe. Ngokuhlanganisa izifundo ezimbili, ososayensi abayibiza ngokuthi lokho kwephula "fetus alcohol syndrome." Njengoba odokotela abavela emhlabeni jikelele baye baqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa e-CIS ukukhombisa ukuthi ubulili fair esingenayo ulwazi olunembile ngezingozi utshwala. Yingakho nje abanye ukubeka eceleni kwabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abesifazane abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi iwayini elibomvu akuyona kuphela eziyingozi ezingenzeka embungwini, ngisho kunomthelela lasungulwa lesifanele. Ngokwezibalo, mayelana 80% abesifazane utshwala ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, bese u-20% musa uyozinikela kuze umntwana wakhe esezelwe.

emitholampilo isithombe

Kwengane alcohol syndrome - imbangela eyinhloko akahlakaniphile kule ngane. Bangathola ngesimo sezinzwa uhlelo neziyaluyalu, iziyaluyalu ukuziphatha kanye nezobunhloli. Ngokuvamile izingane nale Ihlahlubo kuthiwa emuva e isisindo kanye ukuphakama. Ziyahlukahluka kuye endaweni ukubukeka: palpebral mfushane emifantwini, mncane lip engenhla, futhi inkatho labial kakhulu neze. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho microcephaly futhi ptosis leminyaka. anomalies enjalo ebusweni kubonakala kukho konke ukuphila. kwezinso Sinzima kukhona isifo senhliziyo, dysplasia amalunga nasesifubeni deformity.

Kwengane alcohol syndrome ezinganeni libhekene ukungezwa kahle nongaboni kahle, ukucobeka. Abanaso azibonayo ukukhumbula ulwazi esikoleni, ukulawula kancane phezu imizwelo yabo. Lezi zingane ziyizisulu kunzima ukuzivumelanisa iqembu, abazi kanjani ukuba abangane nontanga, ngakho ngokuvamile ukuncoma ukuqeqeshwa ezikoleni boarding ezikhethekile.

zokugula ukuhlola

Neonatologist angase ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane ukuxilonga fetus alcohol syndrome. Izici nobuntu lokhu zokugula, ngokuvamile ezibonakala ngeso lenyama (ongaphakeme ukuphakama / isisindo, kwezinso zangaphandle). Kubalulekile futhi acabangele khona lo okuthiwa umlando oludakayo e unina.

biomarkers Peculiar aphume ashone kuchaziwe izinwele futhi meconium okunamafutha acid esters. usizo lelincomekako ukunikeza uphethwe eqondile amasu neuroimaging. Lezi zihlanganisa i-MRI zobuchopho futhi neurosonography. Ukuze ususe thuthuva sína ukuthuthukiswa izingane ukwenza ECG, ultrasound we Bheka.

ukuqapha ezalandela ingane kwathiwa unesifo "fetus alcohol syndrome" Kwenziwa Ochwepheshe.

Yini ukwelashwa iyadingeka?

Lokhu zokugula asilapheki. Nokho, Sokuzivikela esifike Ochwepheshe kungaba ngokuphawulekayo intokomalo ezimpilweni seziguli ezisencane. Ezinye izimpawu amenable ukuba ukulungiswa by ukuhlinzwa (ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, ipheshana wokugaya ukudla). Ukuqeda ukukhubazeka maxillofacial abazenzi ukuhlinzwa isikhumba.

Okubukwa ngumuntu wezinzwa ikhuthaza ukulungiswa ngeziphambeko engabalulekile kusukela CNS. Zonke izingane nale yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kumele ngempela angabonwa ngudokotela wezengqondo. Uchwepheshe kungasiza ingane ukuzivumelanisa umphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukuba kulungise ukuziphatha kwakhe.

Ukubikezela kanye nokuvinjelwa

Izingane nale syndrome ngokuvamile ukuchitha impilo yabo yonke ezikhungweni, nangemva - ku boarding psycho-zezinzwa. Ziyakwazi abazali ezingadingekile futhi abakwazi ukubheka emva uqobo.

Ngokuba nokuvimbela fetus alcohol syndrome umntwana wabo bonke abesifazane yokuzala kufanele kucwaningwe ngokubandakanya futhi ukuhlonza esifike okubizwa ngokuthi amaqembu ingozi. Lungangena abagada njalo baphuze utshwala. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abaningi alazi utshwala kanjani yingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa umntwana ongakazalwa. Odokotela kufanele ukuqhuba umsebenzi njalo phezu ukunciphisa noma ukumisa okuphelele ukuphuza wesifazane. Labo abakwazi ngokuzimela ithawula kulo mkhuba omubi, udinga ukuthumela i-ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile.