Naval Central Museum Petersburg

Kokunye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu Petersburg, budebuduze endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi New Holland, kuyinto Museum ukuthi utshela umlando lasolwandle kazwelonke. Ungomunye amaqoqo emhlabeni ezinonileyo umkhumbi onobuhle, izikhali amaqoqo, navigation amathuluzi, imibhalo kanye nezinye izinto ezihlobene zasolwandle amandla amabutho. Lokhu Central Naval Museum - brainchild koMbusi Petra Velikogo.

Okuhlangenwe nakho yaletha esuka phesheya

Ngezinye kwalapho kuhlangana khona XVII XVIII eminyaka, phakathi nohambo lwakhe eHolland naseNgilandi - ezweni matasa ngesikhathi isikhundla omhlaba anothile embonini shipbuilding, uPetru ngangifunda ngokuningiliziwe inhlangano wezasekhaya e shipyards yabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wakhangwa okwandile ke amakhamera imodeli. Lezi neminyango enze kanyekanye indima isitoreji, lapho kwakukhona amamodeli imidwebo zilungele, umkhankaso emikhunjini, kanye nomklamo studios, okuyinto bahlakulele Umklamo imikhumbi.

Emuva e-Russia, i-emperor ngaphambilini ukungena Petersburg ezifana emisha, iyasiza futhi ukubaluleka akuyona ungaqiniseki. Ngakho 1707 kwakukhona imodeli yasekhaya kwekhamera, kuyinto Analogue of onobuhle Western ku uMfula iNeva. Wafakwa isakhiwo Admiralty, side by side nge shipyards.

Ukuqala iqoqo esizayo

Peter mina wakhipha isimemezelo owawuthi ukuqoqwa imodeli ikhamera njalo enwetshiwe olusha nge nemibukiso entsha. Le modeli yaqala ukuthola izincwadi hhayi kuphela imikhumbi wakha igceke lemikhumbi, kodwa futhi lezo ezitholakala ngaphakathi izimpi zasolwandle. Bonke babeboshelwe cwaningo enemininingwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sitolo isibe isisekelo ngesisekelo lapho Petersburg Naval (central) Museum yasungulwa.

Maphakathi nawo-namathathu banesifo esibi sokukhohlwa imodeli XVIII leminyaka imisebenzi ikhamera kuxhomeke kakhulu. It kancane kancane yaba uhlobo design bureau lapho ukudala amaphrojekthi lwemikhumbi ezintsha kanye onobuhle zabo isikali zenziwe. Ikusasa Central Naval Museum ngenkuthalo agcwaliswa nazo zonke izinhlobo navigation imibhalo, izikhali kanye ezihlukahlukene zomculo zasolwandle.

Isimo esisha ayengaphansi imodeli ikhamera

A esigabeni esisha emphilweni brainchild of Peter ngifika 1805. Khona-ke, ku-oda we autocrat Russian u-Alexander I imodeli ikhamera lithole isimo esisha. It yaguqulwa "Sea Museum". izimali zayo ikhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa inhlangano izinto Admiralty College Library. Lesi sikhungo yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni zemfundo isibe enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngokwezinga elikhulu Museum bagcwala zonke izinhlobo curiosities yaletha esuka ngiya amatilosi abadumile Russian. Namuhla, i-Central Naval Museum, Petersburg kuvula amathuba ukuze acwaninge ngokuphila kwabo nomsebenzi.

Kweminyaka eminingi yokwehla Museum

Ethathe ubukhosi ngo-1825, uNicholas mina wayeyindoda iDemo obona ngokucacile. Ngokusho kwakhe, "Sea Museum", okuqondene ukuqoqwa ayimeleli intshisekelo sina futhi kukusize kangako. Ngo 1827, maphakathi zesayensi kanye zemfundo udluliselwa nendawo ethile ye-lokuhlola amanzi Depot, bese yahlakazeka ngokuphelele. Iqoqo esiyingqayizivele ziphephile ukuqhutshwa zibekwe ejensi ahlukahlukene kahulumeni, kuhlanganise weKhabhinethi wangomhla zingama-Curiosities. Naval Central Museum Petersburg waphinda abe ikhamera imodeli. Emhlanganweni walo kuyinto ziphephile mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu kuphela.

Deep isimo esibucayi futhi isidingo sokuguquka

Ngenxa yalokho ukunqotshwa emkhankasweni YaseCrimea kanye esibucayi ojulile oye likhungethwe ezweni, kwaba ukusula isidingo izinguquko ezinkulu yonke imikhakha yempilo eRussia, kufaka ekhatsi izinguquko Navy. Kulesi sikhathi lapho lamazwe ahamba phambili le mikhumbi sebavele bashintshile ukuwapheka ngesitimu kunokuwabilisa izinjini, Ukuvikelwa armored futhi wamukele izikhali zanamuhla, isigaba Russian babesayenza ngomkhumbi. Kanye nezindaba imishini yezobuchwepheshe nemikhumbi, njengoba kudingeka esikhathini esifishane becabanga ngale ndlela ukulungiswa nokuqeqeshwa nabasebenza.

Ukuvuselelwa Museum kanye nokubuyiselwa ziphephile zayo

Lokhu kuye kwaholela iqiniso lokuthi sinqumo senziwe 1867 mayelana ukuvuselelwa "Sea Museum". Munye walemisebenti main eyabelwe ukuhola kwakhe entsha, iye lokuqoqa izinto ezindala ehlakazekile yonkana ejensi amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbukiso kwakubaluleke ukunikeza amasampuli eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi ngentuthuko lobuchwepheshe.

Lo msebenzi lolungenamaphutsa abulawe, umqondisi esanda emisiwe Museum - onekhono unjiniyela armorer uLieutenant N. Baranov. Ngakho, esikhathini esizayo Central Museum of Navy wavula ikhasi elisha emlandweni walo. Ngo-1908, ngesikhathi mkhosi elihlobene ne-Bicentennial, umnyuziyamu yethiwa umsunguli wayo - Petra Velikogo.

Naval (Central Museum) e nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngemva kwezenzakalo-October 1917 uhulumeni omusha unamathisele kakhulu ukwanda ngcono qualitative ngemali yayo. Nakhu kufika ziphephile we amaqoqo amaningi omphakathi kanye nazimele, kwathi ngo-1939 i-Naval Museum izinguquko emaphakathi ukubhekana. Kusukela Admiralty, enaka Vasilevsky Island, e nesakhiwo sikaMasipala phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Stock Exchange (isithombe ekupheleni isihloko). Leli bhuloho elihle, elakhiwa ngo-1816, ingenye yobuciko yezakhiwo inhlokodolobha Northern.

Kusukela Museum amaqoqo aqukethe intilibathwa yezinto ezibonakalayo, ezihambayo ezakhiweni ezintsha welulela iminyaka emibili. Phakathi nempi, ziphephile ezibaluleke kakhulu zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo kuya ezingemuva. Ezinye izindaba zika-iqoqo wahlala eLeningrad ovinjezelwe, ukugcina heroically izisebenzi Museum. Ngomsebenzi nokuzinikela kwabo ubufakazi esingenantengo yomlando yemikhumbi Russian ulinde ngokuphepha Usuku Victory. Ngo-July 1946, i-Naval Central Museum futhi yaphelela ukuthi leaked izivakashi.

Namuhla Museum

Eminyakeni kamuva waba omunye iminyuziyamu wavakashela kunazo emzini. Indawo enkulu emsebenzini abathintekayo enhlanganweni esikoleni uhambo kanye nemibukiso thematic. Kanye ingxenye Museum, ubonisa umlando Navy Russian kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, esithakazelweni esikhulu izivakashi bakhangwa izinto zesikhathi esidlule yamuva, usitshela ubuqhawe amatilosi Soviet phakathi nempi yokugcina.

Okwamanje, i-Naval Museum Central itholakala elilungisiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi Kryukov emabhalekisini, etholakala maphakathi zomlando zomuzi. Isinqumo soku- thuthela senziwe 2009, ngesikhathi mkhosi elihlobene ne trohsotletiem Museum. Isizathu kwaba ukuthi ayikho esimweni esihle umakhiwo Vasilyevsky Island, lapho eseneminyaka ngaphambili. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngoba ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo kwakudingekile ukukhulula ngokugcwele amahholo ziphephile. Lo mnyakazo senzeka ngo-2013.

Namuhla Central Naval Museum Petersburg libaluleke kakhulu ukuvezwa yayo amamodeli we ezempi kanye imikhumbi yezohwebo, izincwadi zomlando ezihlobene ababehamba olwandle, amabheji lempi, imiklomelo, izibhengezo, izikhali nokunye, ngilandisa indlela ekhazimulayo kanye nobuqhawe ifulege Andrew, - induna Russian Navy uphawu.