Morphine - Iyini? Morphine e umdlavuza. Morphine - the analgesic

Morphine - Iyini? Impendulo umbuzo, uyofunda ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizoxoxa ngalokho lokhu izidakamizwa isetshenziswa njengoba lisetshenziswe nokunye.

Morphine - Iyini?

Ngesimo okumsulwa "Morphine" ekwakhiweni kuyinto emhlophe crystalline powder. By endleleni, "Morphine" - igama layo elidala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama ketshezi lisuselwa egameni kankulunkulu wamaGreki Morpheus, owayala amaphupho. Morphine - umuthi kuyinto alkaloid ka-opium. Wenziwe inomfi yesihlahla omisiwe we poppy opium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into enjalo zingatholakala lichaza ekwakheni amakhambi ezifana, uStephanie, moonseed, sinomenium nabanye.

Imininingwane zomlando

Morphine - Iyini? Kuyinto izidakamizwa kanye analgesic, sine nemiphumela okuyiluthayo. Umuthi, wenza ngesisekelo into enjalo, ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe zokwelapha kudala njengoba 1805. Ngaphandle ayenzi yisiphi isibhedlela ngesikhathi kulwiwa eMelika. Njengoba umuthi onamandla analgesic owethulwa amasosha akhe eyayilimele ngemithambo yegazi futhi intramuscularly ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuhluphekeni kwabo. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu kusho ngokushesha impela umlutha. Ngokushesha, isimo sokugula emva ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside zomuthi, wathola igama layo ngokuthi yi- "isifo sesosha."

Njengoba wazi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, i-morphine yasetshenziselwa wezempi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi odokotela abasebenzisa bafuna ukuqeda ukukhathala.

Ifomu wokukhulula izidakamizwa

Ukulungiselela "Morphine" iyatholakala njengoba izibhebhe 0.01 g, 1% isixazululo in vials futhi isipetu-tube, 1 ml.

izakhiwo zomuthi

Echaza morphine (umuthi), ungakwazi ukumaka it izici ezilandelayo:

• Ikhishwa izidakamizwa esebenzayo ngesimo ezimhlophe acicular zinhlayiya noma crystalline ezimhlophe impuphu kancane yellowing noma sereet ngesikhatsi isitoreji.
• Izindlela ezinjalo kuba kancane oncibilikayo emanzini futhi kancane oncibilikayo utshwala. It ayihambisani ne alkalis. Isixazululo ukulungele kufanele inzalo at 100 ° C for isigamu sehora. Ukuze eliletha ukuthula ke ingezwe hydrochloric acid.
• Lokuncibilika lokhu lokulungiselela 254 ° C.
• Ukujikeleza isixazululo Specific - 2%.
• Wokhela ezingeni lokushisa 261 ° C.
• Autoignition kwenzeka 349 ° C.

pharmacodynamics

Morphine - izidakamizwa ezimela iqembu analgesics opioid. Kubangela kwesasa, ekunciphiseni izimpawu ubuhlungu, kubangela umuzwa ukuthula kwengqondo, ngcono isimo semizwa, kunikeza zinethemba eliqhakazile kungakhathaliseki isimo langempela izindaba. Lezi izindawo neqhaza ukwakheka sezidakamizwa ngokomzimba futhi ababhuli.

Ebulilini, izindlela ezifana kukhona umphumela ngempela eqinile okuyiluthayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-morphine kuvimbela wonke ikhaliphe moya, amajaqamba okubangela futhi kunciphisa excitability isikhungo ukukhwehlela. Ukukhulisa ithoni imisipha yezitho zangaphakathi, kuyasiza spasm we sphincter ka Oddi futhi ipheshana biliary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu izidakamizwa kakhulu buthakathaka peristalsis emathunjini, kodwa ngesivinini bethulula isisu kanye kwandisa peristalsis.

Pharmacokinetics

Ezimweni eziningi, i-morphine (analgesic) iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi, phansi kwesikhumba futhi intramuscularly. Nokho kungenzeka futhi rectal ophuzwayo, epidural nokusetshenziswa intrathecal. Lesi sidakamizwa amuncwa umzimba kunalokho ngokushesha. Cishe 20-40% zomuthi nakanjani plasma amaprotheni. Izidakamizwa "Morphine" kweqa placenta futhi kungabangela ukuwohloka zokuphefumula umbungu. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi leli thuluzi ichazwa ngobisi lwebele.

ekuphathweni esicutshini ka-morphine umphumela eba ngemva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15-26. Ubuningi ukugeleza kwegazi ukusatshalaliswa izuzwe emva kwemizuzu 35-45 futhi kuthathe amahora mayelana 3-5.

Umuthi 'Morphine ": isicelo

Nomuthi "Morphine" lisetshenziswa ukuze kubulawe izinzwa e yizifo nezinhlupheko ezihlukahlukene, ukulimala lapho ahambisana ubuhlungu zazinzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa belungiselela ukusebenza, futhi postoperatively. Ngokuvamile-ke ezinqunyiwe ukuqwasha, ukukhwehlela eqinile futhi iphika, okuyinto kubangelwa acute yokumelwa yinhliziyo.

Ngezinye izikhathi kusho "Morphine" isetshenziswa-X-ray umkhuba phakathi nesifundo isisu, nenyongo sesinye futhi 12 tiperstnoj namathumbu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kwalesi izidakamizwa ngcono ithoni kwemisipha esiswini, ukuthuthukisa motility yayo futhi ukusheshisa bethulula. Ngenxa yalesi ukuchayeka, ochwepheshe kuba lula kakhulu ukuthola izilonda nokuvuvukala yezitho zangaphakathi.

izinkomba

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-morphine e umdlavuza kunomthelela nokuqedwa okusheshayo ubuhlungu, okuyinto kusiza kakhulu isimo lesiguli. Kule ndaba kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu kusho:

• suppresses ubuhlungu syndrome ukuhlukumezeka, umdlavuza, isilethikusebenza, futhi angina engazinzile ;
• Lisetshenziswa njengendlela umuthi eyengeziwe wendawo noma ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile phakathi nokuhlinzwa;
• Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ukukhwehlela (uma ngezinye izindlela ayizwakali), kanye edema yamaphaphu;
• enikezwa X-ray isisu, 12-tiperstnoj ikholoni kanye nenyongo sesinye.

Izimo

Lesi sidakamizwa is hhayi Kunconywa e hypersensitivity kuya izingxenye, okusithiyayo isikhungo zokuphefumula (isib yokulwisana noma utshwala poisoning) futhi uqondiswe isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kanye ileus kofé uhlangothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-morphine ayikwazi lisetshenziswe izinzwa umgogodla futhi epidural.

Isicelo ngokucophelela okukhulu

Sebenzisa leli thuluzi ngokucophelela okukhulu kufanele kube ne ubuhlungu besisu ngenxa yezizathu okungacacile, lability ngokomzwelo, bronchial somoya ukuhlaselwa, arrhythmias, Ukudlikizela, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa eziyingozi, ukuba umlutha wotshwala, kokuzibulala, isifo gallstone, kanye phakathi nokuhlinzwa ohlelweni urinary kanye ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu izidakamizwa kumele kusetshenziswe ngokucophelela nge ukulimala ebuchosheni, Hyperplasia Prostatic, hepatic noma esingamahlalakhona kwezinso, umfutho wegazi ophakeme intracranial, stricture we urethra, i-hypothyroidism, ezinzima ukuvuvukala wamathumbu isifo, nabanesithuthwane syndrome, ukukhulelwa, lactation futhi emva kokusebenza leli pheshana biliary . Morphine ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela okukhulu kwawo kufanele futhi isimo esibi iziguli, kwasebekhulile kanye nezingane.

Isikali

Iphendula umbuzo morphine - yini lokhu, kufanele niyikhulume imithamo yakhe.

Ukuze abaphathi temlomo isiguli kufanele ubonane nodokotela liyadingeka. Phela, ukwelapha kufanele kukhethwe kuye ukuzwela umuntu nobukhali ubuhlungu. A umthamo owodwa we izidakamizwa - 10-20 mg abadala futhi 0.2-0.8 mg / kgdlya izingane.

Ukuze athole lo capsule eside esebenza umthamo umsebenzi kufanele kube 10-100 mg kabili ngelanga. Ukuze umjovo ongama - 1 mg, futhi esicutshini futhi emthanjeni - 10 mg. esiphezulu umthamo nsuku zonke mg 50. Uma isiguli kumele abaphathi rectal, kubalulekile ukuba pre-ahlanzekile amathumbu. Abadala suppositories sabelwe khona isamba 30 mg njalo emahoreni 13.

ukweqisa izidakamizwa

Uma esetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, ithuluzi kungenzeka isiguli esilandelayo imiphumela emibi:

• izithukuthuku ebandayo futhi clammy;
• ukudideka;
• ukukhathala;
• amajaqamba;
• ukozela;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu intracranial;
• bradycardia;
• ukwethuka;
• ubuthakathaka ezinzima;
• hypothermia;
• ukubambezela iphika ;
• nomlomo owomile;
• ukukhathazeka;
• sengqondo delirious;
• isiyezi;
• ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi;
• ukusangana;
• Ukudlikizela;
• imisipha rigidity nokunye.