LNG Baltic: ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa

Eduze Petersburg, eduze ngokushesha amyisa ethekwini laseKhesariya Ust-Luga, uhlela ukwakha isitshalo ukwenziwa igesi kuncibilike. Ukubolekisa ngezindodla iphrojekthi balinganiselwa ku-1 isigidintathu ruble kokutshalwa.

Okudingekayo ukuze ukwakhiwa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wegesi ngezindleko ngaphansana Liquefied wazilandela ngokunembile ukuthambekela esitebeleni phezulu kusicelo umthengi. Kule ndaba, ubuholi "Gazprom" nkampani yenza isinqumo mayelana ekwakheni izakhiwo eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa izinkontileka inzuzo futhi bazogcwalisa emakethe yafuna umkhiqizo. Lesi sitshalo kuhlelwe, Baltic LNG, uzobe elise-Leningrad esifundeni, okungukuthi endaweni eduze ne-port yanoma Ust-Luga.

Ngaphezu umbono macroeconomic, ukwakhiwa aseBaltic LNG ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile Leningrad esifundeni, izokwakhiwa amagatsha amaningana igesi ahamba ukucutshungulwa izindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, afuna ukuqala kokunikeza igesi yemvelo kuya Kaliningrad esifundeni, eyakhelwe le nengqalasizinda edingekayo.

imigomo

Izinjongo igunya yephrojekthi "Baltic LNG" ngokuthi uketshezi igesi izimpahla Europe kanye no-India naseLatin America. Kuvele inhloso eyengeziwe izinkampani ukwakhiwa ukukhulisa ezincane-tonnage ukugeleza akunikeza khona oLwandle iBaltic, kanye babangele izitsha inkonzo emakethe ngophethiloli (bunkering).

iphrojekthi

Umthamo design lufakwa ezingeni ayizigidi ezingu eziyishumi igesi kuncibilike ngonyaka, ngenhloso ekukhuphuleni ukukhiqizwa amathani ezingu nanhlanu ngonyaka. Isinqumo sokugcina kuthebhu inkampani, wamemezela abaholi "Gazprom" ngo-Ephreli 2015. Ukwakhiwa aseBaltic LNG okumele luphele ngo-2020. Ngekwata yesine, ngokuvumelana uhlelo, batch lokuqala imikhiqizo ukuba aliyise. Ngokusho ezisanda kunyatheliswa phambili ekukhulumeni kwabezindaba, kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa udluliselwa eminyakeni 2021-2022, kodwa awekho amazwana olusemthethweni ngalolu daba khona.

Le phrojekthi yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu:

• Baltic LNG.
• Pipeline.
• Port esibulalayo sokusingatha iziqukathi nge gas emathangini avuzayo.

Isakhiwo izindleko sokuqala kwakulinganiselwa ku ruble 460 billion ekunyuseni amanani kwenzeka ruble, ngoba yonke imishini ezidingekayo uzobe uthenge phesheya. Ngo-dollar imigomo, izindleko zalo msebenzi ayizange ithuthuke.

Ukwakhiwa siyofeza ephethwe "Gazprom" inkampani "Gazprom LNG Petersburg." Ozakwethu ekuqaliseni izinhlelo wabhekisela corporation «Gazprom», Shell, nezinkampani Mitsui, Mitsubishi. abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha eyokwakhela Baltic LNG. Umklami Jikelele utshalomali ukulungisiswa - Design Institute JSC "Giprospetsgaz". On ukwakhiwa iphayiphi ehilela kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili Ochwepheshe.

abahlanganyeli

Bambalwa zimali uzobe ukhangwa nephrojekthi Baltic LNG. "Gazprom" kwachazwa nomunye abahlanganyeli okuholela ekwakhiweni simila esizayo. Ngaphansi kohlaka Petersburg International Economic Forum, owawuse-June 2016, i-Corporation isayine isivumelwano nenkampani Royal Dutch Shell, okufakazela inhloso amaqembu '.

Nakuba inkampani German wazwakalisa isifiso kutsi bahlanganyele ukwakhiwa Nokho, isivumelwano kule ayisayiniwe, kungagcini kuphela baqinisekisa izifiso. Izazi eziningi ukuxhuma Ukungathembani ukukhathazeka German ne unswinyo European yalahla iRussia. Okwamanje, nezingxoxo mayelana ubukhulu isabelo kule nkampani iphrojekthi Shell.

Ngo ekusekeleni lo msebenzi sikhuluma kungenzeka ukuthola umnikazi wamasheya share jikelele 49% wamasheya. Izingxoxo luyaqhubeka, kodwa izingxoxo backroom waqinisekisa ulwazi Shell ungathola cishe isigamu zalesi sihlahla. Isizathu salokhu isinqumo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inkampani German ukulungele ukunikeza igesi liquefaction ubuchwepheshe.

iphawulwe ukuthi "Baltic LNG" isakhiwo labahlanganyeli ukwakhiwa yephrojekthi zingashintsha Julayi 2016. Desire ukumemezela izinkampani Japanese ukuthi unokuhlangenwe nakho emakethe Russian ukuqaliswa project "Sakhalin-2".

Kukhethwa umklami

I ohlwini "Gazprom" bese engena imisebenzi Baltic LNG. Ukwakhela eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile Ukukhetha usonkontileka isinyathelo. Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi izinkampani eziningana ngawo "Gazprom" usefake wabambisana e inqubo ukuxazulula ezinye izinkinga. Kulesi kuwufanele uchungechunge "VNIPIgazdobycha" - esikhathini esidlule, umklami jikelele amabhizinisi ezifanayo Primorye (iphrojekthi ayisetshenziswa).

Futhi kuthiwa Research Institute OJSC "Gazprom Promgaz", omunye izinkampani endala kule mboni. Kodwa ithuba engcono kakhulu yokuthola oda uhlala OAO "Giprospetsgaz" (Petersburg). Omunye izigaba isakhi inkampani iphatha LNG, futhi owake wabhekana ukuqaliswa imisebenzi, amaphrojekthi afana ne "Baltic LNG" (isitshalo). Ingxenye ethile yomsebenzi inkampani yenze kakade - labetibambile utshalomali inkolelo.

tinchubo lokuchibiyela

Ikusasa Baltic LNG uzobe sise eMnyango Wezokuvikela amazwe kukhona amamitha angamakhulu ambalwa ukusuka endaweni yezimboni echwebeni Ust-Luga. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphikelela ukuqaliswa wonke amalungu afanayo ukwakha iphayiphi igesi. Kuyoba usuke emzini Volkhov e Leningrad esifundeni. Lwabalandeli lwabelwe isihloko ehlukile Lowo okhuluma iyunithi yezimboni futhi commercial ezimele. Iphayiphi lizoyinika impahla eluhlaza ngqo isitshalo nezinye abathengi. Lwabalandeli ukwakhiwa izobanjelwa kusukela uhlelo abathengi gasification.

Amandla komsele 34 kulindeleke ezingeni ^{libe no 3} billion cubic metres / ngonyaka LNG ithuba lokuqala zidinga 16.8 bn m ^3. Asele igesi abathengi zisengaphansi esikhawini sokuhlela. Kukhona project ukwakha izitshalo ezimbili ukwenziwa methanol. Ingxenye yesithathu ka emikhulu LNG phrojekthi esibulalayo zasolwandle.

nomlando omude

Wemisebenzi yokuqala ukuze kwakhiwe LNG babebhekwa njengabantu "Gazprom" Corporation ngo-2004. Ekuqaleni okuhloswe ukwakha isitshalo Primorsk, design umthamo Its abayizigidi ezingu-7 m ³ / ngonyaka, sasihlela ukuletha imikhiqizo e-United States nase-Canada. Ngo-2007, lowo mcabango esezilahla ukuze athole LNG eside at Shtokman, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi okusemathinini, kokunquma baphonse bonke khandlu ukwakhiwa iphayiphi "Nord Stream".

Umqondo LNG postroist e Leningrad esifundeni emuva ngo-2013. Ukukhetha walala phakathi amasayithi ezindaweni Vyborg, Primorsk futhi Ust-Luga port. Isinqumo sokugcina esivuna port sathathwa ngasekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2015. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu babe izinzuzo eziningana elula mfula ukudlula imikhumbi, izimo ice sokuphepha. indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ekuphathweni lesifunda Leningrad uhlela ukwakha indawo enkulu yezimboni, okufanele kubandakanye eziyisithupha zokuwuhluza namakhemikhali izakhiwo, okudinga igesi supply cubic metres kuze kube bhiliyoni eziyisikhombisa.

umthelela olulindelekile

Ngokusho kochwepheshe energy market, ukwakhiwa aseBaltic LNG izonikeza ithuba ukuletha Russian igesi yemvelo kulawo mazwe European lapho iphayiphi awufiki. Ikakhulu, uthi Spain, lapho izimboni amandla khudlwana ukuthi kudle kuphela uphethiloli kuncibilike amazwe e omningi. Ayikho emakethe kancane othembisayo Portugal, ogwini isiFulentshi, futhi ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Italy. umthengi elikhulu kuncibilike loyimvelo yilona United Kingdom, nakuba igesi ngokusebenzisa iphayiphi izonikelwa e elizwakalayo.

Kodwa ochwepheshe fanele khonondo isidingo abathengi angaphandle of Russian kuncibilike igesi yemvelo. Lokhu emakethe ukuncintisana kakhulu umatasa ongumakad 'ebona abadlali aphinde ingxenye kungenziwa kuphela ekunciphiseni izindleko zosizo. Ngangokunokwenzeka - inqobo nje asikwazi ukusho. Iqhaza omuhle ekwakhiweni aseBaltic LNG uzodlalela esifundeni zendawo, okuyinto ingozi inyumbazana ngaphandle igesi emva kokukhululwa kwe olulodwa amandla inhlasi emazweni aseBaltic. Ukwakhiwa wegesi akugcini nje aqede inkinga kodwa futhi ikhuthaze ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha e Leningrad esifundeni.