Literacy eqenjini wokulungiselela enkulisa

sokulungiselela izingane izidingo zezemfundo eminyakeni yamuva baye baba kakhulu obuqinile kunangaphambili. Manje enkulisa kokuqala ukufunda ezinye izilimi, umculo, logic, simazi nezwe, kusukela eminyakeni emine eyedlule. Lapho efika ekilasini lokuqala esikoleni esiphakeme, leli ingane seluvele esibalulekile ulwazi. Kanjani umthwalo onjalo ku ubuchopho izingane, kuba kusasekuseni ukuqagula ukuthi lokhu. eziphethweni eziqinisekile zingenziwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili noma amathathu, lapho uhlelo utawufundza izizukulwane eziningana. Noma kunjalo, ukuqeqeshwa nokubhala iqembu wokulungiselela ingenye izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu belungiselela esikoleni, kodwa kudingeka ukuthi akhokhe a lot of ukunakwa. Othisha akholelwa ukuthi, ngaphezu ulwazi, umntwana kudingeka nigxilise imisebenzi ukuqeqeshwa amakhono, kuphela ke ngeke yini ukwazi ukwamukela izinto ezintsha futhi ulisebenzise kahle.

Literacy eqenjini wokulungiselela: izici eziyinhloko

Isikhathi esining impela, othisha nabazali banikezwa Umbuzo ovamile: "? Ingabe kufanele ukubhekana ingane ongazange efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-6" Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa nokubhala iqembu wokulungiselela, noma imiphi imizamo kutfutfukisa kufundza zezingane ngokuya isenzo esidingekayo.
Lokhu Ukubuka ngokuyisisekelo eyiphutha, ngoba Umsebenzi oyinhloko enkulisa siwukulungisa ingane esikoleni. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala inqubo yokufunda ngisho eqenjini amadala, okungukuthi, e engxenyeni zasenkulisa yesibili.

othisha Akwaziwa ezifana Vygotskiy L. S., bakholelwa ukuthi kweminyaka engu-5 semfundo namanje akufanele kube ngokucijile umahluko, kodvwa kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu kufanele ikhumbule zonke izici of ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga zezingane yokucabanga, ekusebenziseni ngokwahlukana ecacile ukuqeqeshwa izigaba. Kuphela indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo kuzoqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-abasebenzi zocwaningo nezikhungo emkhakheni wezemfundo, luye lwabonisa ukuthi uma ukufunda kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza izingane ulwazi, hhayi endaweni kuphela esicini esisodwa esikhethekile, kodwa abenzele lonke uhlelo kwelwati ubudlelwano. Ukuze izingane zamabanga aphansi bakwazi azibonayo ukuqonda yonke impahla entsha, kufanele usebenzise izindlela ezihlukahlukene lemfundo.

Literacy eqenjini wokulungiselela enkulisa - omunye izinkomba main enqubeni yokulungiselela ekilasini lokuqala. Kuyadingeka izingane ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda ukubaluleka amazwi umsindo kukhulunywa nokufunda.

Isimo esisemqoka wengane ukufunda nokubhala, ingane kanye omdala yikhono ukuqhathanisa amayunithi ezahlukene ngokoqobo ifonotiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikoleni kufanele batfutfukise emakhono othize ngesikhathi umsebenzi yokukhuluma.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, inkulumo abelaphi belulekwa ukuba zikwazi lokho ukuze zifunde imisindo izincwadi ngisho eqenjini amadala. Iqiniso lokuthi e-kweminyaka eyi-4 kuya kwezingu-5 ku izingane babazi bahlakulele okuthiwa ukuhlukanisa namalimi wemiphakathi. Phakathi nale nkathi, ziba lonke ulwazi olusha lucebe futhi ifonotiki efana isiponji. Kodwa ngemva konyaka ke kancane kancane kunciphisa ukuhlukanisa. Ngakho kungcono ukuqala uthando lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala ekuseni. I wokulungiselela iqembu umsindo kanye incwadi "M", isibonelo, usufunde kwamaseshini ambalwa, kodwa izingane sezineminyaka emihlanu ukufunda ulwazi eyodwa nje noma izifundo ezimbili.

Indlela ethandwa kakhulu kokukwazi

Omunye wemithombo wokufundisa wawuyinhloko incwadi Ushinsky K. D. "AboMdabu Igama", elanyatheliswa ngekhulu le-19. Wachaza izindlela eziyisisekelo lokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala nezingane. Njengoba ukufunda kwabonakala esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu imfundo, efundisa imibuzo yakhe zazihlale efanele kakhulu.

Ngale ncwadi-ke Kunconywa ukufunda ngaphambi kokuqala izifundo, "Literacy." Iqembu wokulungiselela - lesi yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu sokulungiselela izingane ohlelweni esikoleni, ngakho kumelwe ukuba kunesizathu Ukulalelisisa kakhulu ukucabanga ngamanye izici ngokwengqondo ingane ngayinye. Amathekhiniki akhiwa zezilimi nabafundisi, ukuze basize kule.

Ushinsky wadala umsindo kohlaziyo and zokwenziwa ndlela yokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala, ogxile ukubukwa izinhlamvu hhayi njengoba izakhi ngabanye, kanye ingxenye emagama nemisho. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ulungiselele ingane yakho ukufunda amabhuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunikeza ithuba kakhulu yokuvusa isithakazelo zezingane e lizinga lekufundza nekubhala, hhayi nje ukwenza athutha ukufunda nokukhumbula izincwadi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ushinsky uhlongoza uhlukanise yonke ngayo nenqubo yokufundisa waba izingxenye ezintathu:

1. Visual yokufunda.

2. Ibhalwe bezilolonga.

3. Sound ekilasini, ukukhuthaza ukufundwa.

Le nqubo akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo namuhla. Kusekelwe ke, kwakhiwa kwati. Iqembu wokulungiselela, okuyinto uhlelo ocebile kakhulu, ujwayelene ukufunda kulowo myalelo. Lezi zinyathelo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngokulinganayo futhi kancane kancane ukwethula ingane yakho nayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo.

Literacy eqenjini ukulungiselela Vasilyeva

Omunye inqubo esetshenziswa enkulisa, yasungulwa ngekhulu lama-20. Umbhali wayo kwaba owaziwa uthisha kanye inkulumo Umeluleki Vasileva M. A. Useke basungula izinhlelo eziningana, okuyinto kudingeka zixazululwe. Basuke esekelwe ngokulandelana okunengqondo, okumele abe kususelwa kumsebenzi "Literacy." Iqembu wokulungiselela kuhloswe ukuba abe izingane pretty big abangakwazi ukuqonda izinto eziningi. Okokuqala, kumelwe bafunde ukwaba umsindo ezahlukene, bese ukulibuka ngesi esihambisana umbhalo. Le ndlela has a lot of izici kanye nezinzuzo.

izophela kanjani inqubo Vasilyeva nokubhala iqembu wokulungiselela? Sound kanye incwadi "M" isibonelo, ethulwa ngale ndlela: umnakekeli lokuqala nje ubonisa izithombe embodiments ezahlukene (isithombe ingcaca, umzimba, elikhanyayo namakhaladi). Kamuva, lapho lo ulwazi kuzolungiswa, ungakwazi udlulele esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Thishela wetfula izingane amagama okuyinto le ncwadi iqukethe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba hhayi kuphela bafunde izinhlamvu, kodwa futhi ufunde zokukwazi ukuzifundela. It is lokhu ukulandelana is kakhulu ayethanda.

izici ngokwengqondo ukufunda enkulisa

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukucabangela izinhlamvu kanye nemisindo izingane, kudingeka ukuqonda izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Yiziphi ngesisekelo ngokwengqondo yale nqubo, njengoba ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala? "Iqembu Preparatory - Zhurova L. E., umbhali we imisebenzi eminingi endaweni akhuluma ngayo, amanothi - material plastic kakhulu evumela ukuthola futhi udlale ezihlukahlukene imiqondo kanye ukuziphatha." Inqubo yokufunda ukufunda incike izindlela yokufundisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi basize izingane angabekwa kahle futhi bababeka izinto eziyisisekelo belungiselela esikoleni. Iyini injongo yokugcina ekuhloleni imisindo kanye namagama? Lokhu ukufunda nokuqonda lalokho okulotshwe encwadini. Kusobala. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba baqonde okuqukethwe incwadi, kudingeka ufunde indlela efanele azibonayo. Umbhalo - ukumelwa sokuqhafaza enkulumweni yethu, okuyinto ke ibe imisindo. Kufanele uqonde ingane. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha umsindo nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngisho eziyinqaba. kulokhu kuphela singasho ukuthi impumelelo yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. Iqembu wokulungiselela, ogama hlelo lubandakanya ajwayelane zamagama Russian, kufanele kube isisekelo kokukwazi ikusasa lezingane.

ikhono lengane nokuzala imisindo

Lapho kuzalwa umntwana kuphela, unawomina ikhaliphe isegazini. Omunye wabo yikhono aphendule imisindo kwemvelo. Indoda iphendula ukuzwa izwi yoshintsho ukunyakaza futhi ukuvuselelwa isigqi. Kakade ngesonto lesithathu noma lesine wokuphila, ingane ayivele basabela elikhulu umsindo nokhahlo, kodwa inkulumo nabantu ababemzungezile.

Kusobala ukuthi ukumane bezibona ifonotiki yamagama akusona isihluthulelo ekufundeni okuyimpumelelo ukufunda. umuntu kunzima kakhulu, futhi ukuze baqonde ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ingane ifinyelele ezingeni elithile ukuvuthwa bokusungula nangokomzwelo.

Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi iningi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa, basalokhu bengakakwazi ukubola amazwi ku amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. Ngakho-ke ukufunda nokubhala iqembu wokulungiselela kumele yakhiwe ngokuhambisana esiqinile nalezi zici. Akunakusetshenziswa abakwazi ukunikeza ingane umsebenzi ngalo, ubuchopho bakhe umane nje akakwazi ukubhekana ngenxa yokungavuthwa yabo.

inqubo Direct kokukwazi

nezindaba Programming ukujola ezasenkulisa ukuba izincwadi nemisindo bahlanganyele amaMethodisti lesikhungo ngamunye zokufundisa. Yingakho ukuqeqeshwa e izinkulisa ahlukahlukene kungahluka ezibonakalayo. Kodwa naphezu umehluko zangaphandle, okushiwo inqubo yemfundo ingenye lonke uhlelo lwemfundo. Kuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu, kakade abalwe ngenhla.

Yiqiniso, isifundo oqondile izinhlamvu uthisha uyakucabangela izici eziningi: isimo sengqondo izingane ngalesi sikhathi, isibalo sawo, ukuziphatha, kanye neminye imininingwane ebalulekile angathuthukisa noma sibe sibi bezibona.

Sound ukuhlaziywa Inani kufundza

Eminyakeni yamuva, abaningi inkulumo abelaphi baye bazwakalisa umbono wokuthi indlela oludlula ujwayele ukufunda nokubhala, siphelelwe yisikhathi kakade. Bathi ukuhlaziya umsindo kulesigaba akubalulekile kangako. Okungukuthi, okokuqala udinga nje ukuqiniseka ukuthi izingane ngeke ukukhumbula elwa sokuqhafaza izincwadi, ngaphandle bazame kukhicita umsindo wabo. Kodwa lokhu akunembile. Phela, khuluma imisindo, ingane ngiyakubaphendula futhi bakwazi kangcono ukuba ngiziqonde inkulumo yabanye.

Ukuhlelela nokubhala emaqenjini wokulungiselela

Uma ungene isikhungo zasenkulisa phakathi kosuku, ungase uthole umbono wokuthi kukhona nezinxushunxushu. Izingane ukudlala babehlangana ngamaqembu amancane, futhi abanye behlezi ngisho esitulweni nopende. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Njengakho konke okunye okwenzekayo enkulisa, has noHlelo nokubhala. Iqembu wokulungiselela, ukuhlela amaseshini lapho kungaphansi unemithetho eqinile ye-Ministry of Education, iyathinteka. Uhlelo wenziwa lwalowo nyaka wezifundo, ke wavumelana amaMethodisti futhi kuvunywe umuntu, inhloko yabangamashumi zasenkulisa.

Njengoba izifingqo zama babhala izifundo

Ukwazi ukufunda nokuloba kuyisisekelo azihlelwanga okungahleliwe. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi izinto uthisha idlala nje nabantwana, kodwa eqinisweni kungcono ingxenye uthando ne izinhlamvu. Wentuthuko yomsebenzi kunqunywa uthisha, futhi kuyamsiza kule isifinyezo pre-ezilungiselelwe. Ikhombisa isikhathi ukuthi uzobe anikelwe yokufunda, ngesihloko ukuthi kufanele kudalulwe, futhi sketched uhlaka anolaka.

isipiliyoni Foreign kokukwazi

Nakuba amasu amasha eziye athuthukiswe ngochwepheshe angaphandle, hhayi kakhulu owethulwa ohlelweni Russian imfundvo yasetinkhulisa. Ethandwa kakhulu izindlela ezimbili zokufunda, beza kithi evela kwamanye amazwe - the Montessori uhlelo nekhaya.

Eyokuqala ihilela indlela siqu ingane ngayinye, futhi ukuthuthukiswa oluphelele zokudala. I sesibili kuhilela isifundo izinhlamvu umsindo awuwedwa, futhi ngokushesha wonke amagama. Ngenxa yale njongo, ikhadi ekhethekile. On ngamunye kubo izwi kulotshiwe. Ikhadi ikhombisa ingane imizuzwana embalwa, futhi uzwakalise ukuthi okubonisa.

I Montessori ndlela nzima ukusebenza izinkulisa kamasipala, njengoba isibalo sabafundi sinyukile ayikuvumeli asinakekele ngokwanele ikhokhwe Ngamunye kubo ngokwehlukile.

Ikhaya yesistimu wagxeka Russian inkulumo abelaphi, abathi ukuthi kusebenza ekutadisheni ulimi lwesiNgisi, kodwa asihambisani Russian.