Kuyini ubuhle? Ubuhle kungokufanayo

Njengoba iqhawe ikhathuni adumile: "Uma uzakuba muhle - kuhle, futhi uma kunalokho - kukubi," Ngemva kokuzalwa umuntu ngamunye ophilayo emphakathini uma enze izenzo ezithile, futhi uthola ukuba nezilinganiso okuhambisanayo. Umnqopho we kulesi sihloko kuyoba izenzo ikakhulukazi omuhle nolungileyo umuntu, owenza okuhle noma sifisa ke. Kuyini ubuhle, ukuthi ziyini nokuthi bangazisiza e yokufuna izimfanelo ezinjalo? Ake siphenye.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ubuhle kungokufanayo - kwabaningi lezi izincazelo Akucaci ngokuphelele, ngoba ukusetshenziswa okwejwayelekile nsuku yamazwi anjalo awavamile. Yiqiniso, zonke izingane uyazi ukuthi ikuphi okuhle nokubi. Nokho, ngokungafani kuya amagugu, bamukele emphakathini, nokuziphatha, ubuhle - kuba nesidingo kwangaphakathi ukwenza okuhle, hhayi ngoba "uma kudingeka", kodwa ngenxa nje yokuthi ngenye awukwazi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba aqaphele ubuhle futhi abanye zimfanelo amsize athole indawo yakhe emphakathini. Enjalo, isibonelo, kungaba:

• ngezilokotho;
• nobungane;
• ikhono ukuzwelana futhi bayazwelana;
• umthwalo;
• ukuthembeka;
• kahle njalonjalo.

Izithembiso Eastern - ohlangothini flip zobuhle, noma kunalokho okuphambene layo. Noma yisiphi isenzo okuholela nginsindiswe noma elalibazungezile, angabhekwa ezinesihluku lapho isikhulile. Ngakho, isici kungenziwa waqaphela nokhondolo ezisolekayo:

• ubuvila;
• ukuhaha;
• ukuzidla;
• mendacity;
• umona nabanye.

Ukuhlaziya nokucwaninga wemikhuba yomuntu nobuhle zihlale nesithakazelo ezingqondweni abantu abafundile, basendulo nabanamuhla ngaphezulu. UQobo ngezigaba izimfanelo babe izimfundiso ezahlukene zefilosofi nezenkolo.

Endulo

AmaGreki asendulo waphawula ukuthi indlela eya ukulunga ngempela ezisindayo. Ubuhle alinikwa lapho ezalwa endleleni eya kunzima futhi kudinga umzamo omkhulu. Ngokusekelwe kuyifilosofi yamaGreki asendulo ahlukanisa labo zezinto eziphilayo yayo:

• ukulinganisela;
• ukuhlakanipha;
• isibindi;
• ubulungiswa.

Oholela indima kulesi Velikiy USokrat wanika ngokuhlakanipha, futhi umthombo ukuthumba yonke imicabango engqondweni. Kodwa umfundi wakhe, okungenani sefilosofi omkhulu uPlato babekholelwa ukuthi ngamunye izimfanelo esekelwe impahla siqu umphefumulo: ukuhlakanipha okukulo kuvela umqondo, futhi isibindi uhlezi phezu intando. Nokho, wabuye waveza ukuthi izindlu ngamunye isici ngaphezulu ezinye ubuhle ethize - ngakho ungalindeli ukuthi u isibindi noma ukuhlakanipha zengcweti, ukulinganisela - kusukela amaqhawe noma ababusi.

Nayo ukuthi lezi zimfanelo ezinhle ngeke bakhumbule Aristotle wahlukanisa Empeleni ukuphazamisa komuntu kuya esenziwa intando (nezimiso zokuziphatha) nengqondo (dianoeticheskuyu). Wayekholelwa ukuthi kungokwemvelo, ingxenye engenangqondo noma yimuphi umuntu egcina izwi ngengqondo (okunengqondo) ingxenye yakhe. ngaleyo ndlela Ubuhle lichazwa ngokuthi yikhono ukuthola emhlabeni "umhlabathi ophakathi", ukuphambuka kwelinye direction noma nenye inkinga ayibonwa. Lokho yisikali sokuthi lolu hlobo phakathi bikho noma ngokweqile yini.

Oh ekuvuselelweni enkulu

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ngesikhathi Renaissance nobuntu, ubuhle - uVirtus - kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso isigaba ezinkulu inquma ubuntu ekahle. Uomo virtuoso - Lalingubani igama umuntu abanako. Lo mqondo ihlanganisa lahlukene kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha, ezuza ezihlukahlukene enkulu imibala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbono wokuthi lezi zimfanelo ezinhle zazisekelwe amalungiselelo kwesimilo lasendulo futhi iphathwa besibheka njengesinengqondo ukuzibamba ezikhathalela izidingo ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama. Ngakolunye, isithombe ngomuntu ophelele - uomo virtuoso - kancane sashintsha by imibono emisha mayelana inseparability of umzimba nomphefumulo, yasemhlabeni izidingo ezingokomzwelo nezingokomoya. Ngakho-ke, ekahle sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi umuntu hhayi kuphela ezinengqondo, kodwa futhi esebenzayo, ngoba isibopho sokuqala umuntu - njalo self-ukuthuthukiswa, ukuphishekela ulwazi futhi umsebenzi ozuzisayo.

Izikhathi "entsha"

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mqondo wokuthi lezi zimfanelo ezinhle atholwe amafomu amasha. Omunye abameleli ehola njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi kwaleso sikhathi "entsha" - Spinoza - kubhekwa a izinzuzo ubuhle ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukuletha izwe ngaphandle. Kodwa ngokuvumelana Kant, ubuhle - ungalokothi Nokho, abe ubunzima kwengqondo okunamandla ukulandela umsebenzi wayo, hhayi kuwumkhuba, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kudinga ukukhetha bayazi.

Owaziwa ngokuba yisishoshovu sezombusazwe, umbhali kanye ohlakaniphile uBenjamin Franklin ngo ibhuku ngempilo yakhe eshiwo isimiso 'Virtues Nantathu "ukuthi kufanele kube esivela umuntu ophumelelayo:

• sokwehlisa;
• isizotha;
• nobulungisa;
• ukulinganisela;
• ibhubesi;
• umsebenzi onzima;
• oda;
• ukuthula;
• ukuzimisela;
• ngobuqotho;
• zokuzila into ethile;
• nokuhlanzeka;
• ubumsulwa.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lolu hlu lungaboniswa izikhathi ezingaphezu, isibonelo, amaJalimane pedantic ukuchaza inombolo yayo olukhudlwana amaphuzu.

izimfanelo Prussian

Lolu hlu the best izimfanelo zomuntu evela nesikhathi Ukukhanyiselwa yamaLuthela. Umcabango izimfanelo German phakathi nokubusa kweNkosi Fridriha Vilgelma mina, Prussia waqinisa isimo sangaphakathi ekhulwini XVIII. Kusengenzeka imfihlakalo kungani kwabelwe isethi Nokho, mass uyalilandela esiye saletha izinzuzo ezingokoqobo futhi yashiya impela lokungcolisa olubalulekile emlandweni yasePrussia. Nazi izimfanelo beqiniso bomuntu, ngokuvumelana Fridriha Vilgelma mina:

• ibhubesi;
• uthando oda;
• ngobuqotho;
• ubuqotho;
• ukulalela;
• ukuzishaya;
• ukuzibamba;
• ngenkuthalo;
• isizotha;
• ukuthembeka;
• ukwethembeka;
• ubunzima;
• lobuqotho;
• nomuzwa wobulungisa;
• isiyalo;
• kwakuwukuthi;
• ukuthembeka;
• ukuzinikezela;
• isibindi;
• isibindi;
• ukugcina isikhathi;
• ezizwa ebophekile.

umbono womKristu

Ukuxoxa emibonweni eyehlukene kwi izimfanelo ezinhle kuyindlela engokwemvelo yomuntu angeke sehluleke uthinta into ezifana izimfanelo ezinhle zobuKristu. Lena ucishe umqondo jikelele kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• cardinal - okuyinto zihlanganisa 4 imiqondo ukuthi beza kithi kusukela nefilosofi lasendulo;
• imfundiso yenkolo - nemfundiso ulilethele ekuphileni kwethu, ubuKristu;

Ngenxa yalokho, siba uhlu ezifana:

• isibindi;
• ukulinganisela;
• Rom
• nobulungisa;
• ithemba;
• uthando;
• ukholo.

Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, lolu hlu uye washintsha abalulekile futhi wamisa esisha, emelela izimfanelo eziyisikhombisa kuqhathaniswa Western ubuKristu eziyisikhombisa izono ezinkulu :

• ukubekezela;
• ukuthobeka;
• nobumnene;
• ubumsulwa;
• ngenkuthalo;
• ukulinganisela;
• uthando.

ukuphikiswa yangaphakathi

Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi hlobo luni isinyathelo kuyoba okuhle nokubi ukuthi ine, nokho yobuhle okuphambene kukhona kudideka okungaphakathi ngoba iningi lethu. Ubunzima oluthandwa zokuziphatha wayehlale esivela indoda. "Ngiyazi ukuthi ulungile, kodwa ukhetha nezimnandi '- isimiso ukuphila esasebenza nanamuhla. Phela, ubona, ukuqonda izwi amandla, incazelo yalo akusho ukuziphatha okuhambisanayo.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kulesi simo kwathathwa njengosongo indida. Futhi ngempela - ngokunengqondo baqonde indlela ukuba siphile ukuphila wokungalungi, azi ukuthi it is kunemaphutsa, kunzima. Yingakho ulwazi endulo, akuyona ekusebenzeni, awacatshangwa. Ngokusho Aristotle uSocrates, uma umuntu uyazi kanjani, futhi isinyathelo, kusho ukuthi izenzo zayo azisekelwe ulwazi lweqiniso, kodwa embonweni wakho. Kulokhu, lo muntu unelungelo ukufinyelela lolu lwazi, ukuqinisekisile umkhuba.

Ngesisekelo le imfundiso yobuKristu, imicabango emibi noma izenzo zomdala umuntu ukukhuluma ngokona yomzimba wakhe, bese kudingeka ukulishiya ngokuphelele umhlaba ukuba usizo kanye rationality, enqabe inyama enesono, okuyinto kuvimbela ukufeza ngokuvumelana okungokomoya kwangempela.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ubuhle noma nokulunga njengesifufula ezinengqondo waqonda, it is zitholwa indoda e inqubo ukuqonda webumbacambili yobuntu bakhe futhi ikhono ukuxazulula lolo dweshu yangaphakathi.

Ngikuphi okungenza wena enobuhle

Kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni, indoda ehlala e umphakathi zazo siqu. Ukuqaphela ukuziphatha kwabanye abantu, ukufunda lidlule emphakathini imithetho, ikhulela umfuziselo yokuziphatha. Ukuthola imvume noma ulahle izenzo zabo engxenyeni kwabanye abantu, indoda yakha yena uhlobo isikali yamanani, ukunamathela okuyinto kubhekwa efaneleka kakhulu.

ukuqashelwa ukubaluleka abanye abantu abakwazi kubhekwe yigxathu endleleni eya ebuhleni benu ulwazi. Ukuhlala umphakathi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokuyinhloko uncika izithakazelo zomuntu siqu nezibopho izinkolelo. Kuphela ukuqashelwa ukubaluleka abantu ohlala eduze, ukuhlolwa nizithibe uhlamvu zazo zokuziphatha, imfundo eqhubekayo ungenza umuntu kuyinto okufanele siyilingise.

Njengoba ngokuvamile bheka izimfanelo eziyisikhombisa

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, Okugweda futhi abadwebi komculo embonweni wakhe ayeke imikhuba emibi nokuphila izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene izithombe. Ngokuvamile, kwaba umfanekiso abesifazane abasha amahle bembethe izingubo ezinde, kokuba nabo ezihlukahlukene izimfanelo.
izimfanelo ezinhle zobuKristu, isibonelo, kungenzeka libukeke kanje:

• Vera - intombazane e ingubo emhlophe ubambe esiphambanweni, ephawula indlela ukufa kukaKristu, noma isitsha crystal. Ingase futhi amelwe ngesihlangu noma isibani esandleni sakhe.
• Enye ubuhle - Love - ekuqaleni wabheka njengewundlu lomhlatshelo noma nevuba, e Umdwebo okukakhenoni libukeka owesifazane nezingane eziningi noma ukumpotopotoza ngenhliziyo evutha esandleni. Futhi zithandwa esinye isithombe - intombazane ngesandla esisodwa imbewu, futhi enye yamanga.
• Ithemba - intombazane izembatho oluhlaza, wakhothama oyisibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi enamaphiko noma ihange. Ngo enye inguqulo, ifinyelela elangeni lapho ethandaza, futhi ihlezi eceleni kwakhe Phoenix evutha.
• Isibindi, ukuhlakanipha, temperance, futhi ubulungisa futhi kusenzo ukubukeka sowesifazane.

Yikuphi okungcono, lapho ukubabela?

Ngokumangalisayo, echaza lo mqondo yobuhle ukunikela indlela ukuze ukuzuzwa yayo, noma omunye zefilosofi enkulu endala yesimanjemanje futhi ayikwazanga thembeke ukucacisa lokho Kuwubuhle eliphakeme. NoPlato Ngokwesibonelo, wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlakanipha (ulwazi), u-Aristotle - ukulinganisela, uConfucius - kwetsembeka nekuhlonipha abadala. Imfundiso yobuKristu amandla aphakeme ngokuthi uthando (ikakhulukazi onkulunkulu). Mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu angakwazi lokuzinqumela onjani ukuba uhlole kakhudlwana kunamanye, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ukuphelela kuzo zonke izindawo.