Kuyini "Ruby" (Ruby)? Uhlelo ulimi "Ruby"

Okwamanje, kukhona kuzilimi eziningi zokuhlela, ngamunye ephethe izici zayo siqu nemithetho. Lesi sihloko sigxile kakhulu omunye wabo.

Umlando ulimi Ruby

Ruby njengoba ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo kade isikhathi eside kakhulu. Umsebenzi oshicilelweni lokuqala lolu limi kakhulu namuhla sihlehlela emuva 1993 futhi inguqulo yokuqala olusemthethweni ngo-1995. UMdali ulimi, Yukihiro Matsumoto, khona izinhlelo Umthandi womculo kusukela ezinsukwini umzimba umfundi, kodwa liveza umqondo ekudaleni ithuluzi yabo wabonakala kamuva kakhulu. Ngakho yini Okuphawuleka kakhulu ngale ulimi lokwakha ukuthi namuhla ke usesikhundleni okuholela enkundleni yomhlaba yentuthuko isofthiwe?

Ruby ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo - kuyinto ngokuhunyushwa ephezulu lelulwimi ngokuthayipha ashukumisayo futhi esizimele sokusebenza ukuqaliswa multithreading. It has a ngalendoda udoti, futhi imininingwane yalolu syntax ke esicishe okulingana ukuba ngezilimi ezifana Perl. With ukuthuthukiswa semvelo, le platform futhi waboleka okuningi Smalltalk, Python, ukufefeza nezinye izilimi izinhlelo. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba khona nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ulimi "Ruby" kanye nokuqaliswa kwalo ngokuphelele free. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ubani angaba ukuphakamisa izinguquko, futhi uma yamukelwa zomphakathi, azofakwa inguqulo elandelayo ulimi.

nefilosofi Ruby

Lapho edala nenzalo yabo, Matsumoto, njengoba fan ozinikele futhi Umthandi womculo lwezinhlelo into-ngamakhasimende, yakha nefilosofi athile program abafuna sokufunda ulimi lwabo. Ngakho, ulimi Ruby izinhlelo yakhelwe ngokudala elula, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izicelo kuyaqondakala. Ruby, kugcizelelwa hhayi ijubane hlelo, kanye malula futsi efundeka yekhodi.

Ngakho-ke, le platform ngokuvamile akhethiwe njengoba okokufaka ngokufundisa izinhlelo. Isimiso esikhulu, ogxile ulimi, ingabe isimiso lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi "ukumangala okungenani" - lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu hlelo kufanele iziphathe ngendlela elindelekile ngumlobi (uMklami) kuwo. Enye ingxenye ebalulekile imibono ulimi owaletha umdali, kuyinto kokuhlukana enkulu-ke. Umphumela efanayo ingafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo ngalunye ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga njengoba ayibona ifanele kakhulu futhi elula. Lokhu babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu udumo ulimi sika phakathi abangochwepheshe emkhakheni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe.

I izici eyinhloko ulimi

Kuyini "Ruby" njengoba ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo? Lena ngokuyinhloko ulimi into-ngamakhasimende. Azikho izinhlobo bakudala - zonke izakhiwo kanye amayunithi idatha izinto (ngokungafani kuya Java ulimi olufanayo, it has a bakudala izakhiwo idatha). Njalo umsebenzi in the "Ruby" indlela. Eziningi zalezi zinhlelo namakhono Abadali kwethulwa esuka nezinye izilimi izinhlelo, ukuze sikwazi kugcwale umlomo ukuthi Ruby (ulimi) sihlanganisa kakhulu kusukela ezihlukahlukene nezinye izilimi kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ku-ecosystem "Ruby" has siqu udoti ngalendoda yayo, umqondo okwakubekelwa lathathwa Java kanye Smalltalk, nokuthi bangasebenza zonke izinto ohlelweni. Le ndlela yokwenza ivumela ayibonakali umsebenzisi futhi isicelo kunjiniyela ukwenza wokuhlanza lezinto ukuthi Akasekho funa. UNkulunkulu wayengajabule ngalendoda udoti ivumela kunjiniyela ezimweni eziningi is akazange athikanyezwe ukuphathwa inkumbulo kwezicelo futhi ugxile ukusebenza kanye Ukusebenziseka.

paradigms ulimi

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi "Ruby" njengoba ulimi multi-Paradigm, ungakwazi ngokuzumayo azithola ekuso ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini ingxabano. Phela, lolu limi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise noma yiziphi paradigms izinhlelo ngokulinganayo yimpumelelo: isitayela zenqubo lwezinhlelo, uphikisana okugxile indlela sokusebenza. Umthuthukisi ukhululekile bazikhethele Paradigm okungukuthi eduze naye, futhi amathuluzi akhe asuka kulesi ngeke imikhawulo noma buthaka. Ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo "Ruby" ukhuthaza le ndlela kuphela.

Izizathu ukuthandwa

Ingxenye enkulu yale ndawo ulimi usuthandwa ngenxa inkimbinkimbi ukuthuthukiswa izichibiyelo ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, inani izinhlaka kanye imitapo ezikhulayo njalo, futhi imisebenzi ukuthi banquma bebodwa, ukuvumela onjiniyela ngokushesha ukuletha umkhiqizo kuya isimo ngomumo. Umbhali wayevame ukunezela lokhu: "Ruby" -programming lihlotshaniswa ekuthuthukiseni kwezicelo ewebhu kanye ukusekela ukusebenza izindawo ezihlukahlukene nakuzingxenyekazi Inthanethi. Lolu limi niche wathatha alula nesivinini ukuthuthukiswa. Phela ezisekelweni okunye (isib, i-Java), zidinga ukuba uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezifanayo.

nezinhlaka Popular

Uma sikhuluma nezinhlaka ethandwa ezikhona emakethe namuhla, phakathi kwabo ivelele Rails. Abantu abaningi, lapho bebuzwa ukuthi liyini "Ruby", intuitively bafuna iphumelele ngamalengiso kuphela RubyOnRails. Lokhu iqoqo izingxenye isofthiwe yinto ejwayelekile umkhakha phakathi onjiniyela. Yena njalo zigcinwe, bethuthuka futhi kwahambisana by umphakathi program, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo khulula. Lolu hlaka uchaza izingxenye zohlelo lokusebenza kuwebhu njengengxenye MVC iphethini (Model-Buka-Isilawuli), kodwa futhi inikeza ukuhlanganiswa ngomumo eyenziwe nge iseva isicelo futhi interface ukufinyelela database. Lezi zingxenye 3 Eqinisweni, ukuvumela amahora ambalwa ukubhala ukusebenzisa ibhulogi elula ku-intanethi noma ikhasi lewebhu yangasese.

I-Ruby ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, ungakha ngisho izicelo mobile lwendabuko, umtapo sibonga RubyMotion. It ikuvumela ukuba akhiphe Ruby ikhodi ye-iOS amapulatifomu, OS X ne-Android. It wadalwa iqembu yangasese onjiniyela, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwaso kumele ikhokhwe, kodwa waphinda kuqinisekisa amathuba ocebile ulimi.

Ukubaluleka lokubhala ukuhlolwa

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso semvelo we ulimi Ruby, futhi izingxenye zalo web-based kukhona imitapo freymovrki nokubhala ukuhlolwa. nefilosofi RubyOnRails ushumayela BDD (ukuthuthukiswa ukuziphatha enophephela), okusho ukuthi uhlelo lokuqala kudala ukulandelana ukuhlolwa ezichaza ukuziphatha olulindelekile zohlelo, bese kudala ikhodi elidinga ngempumelelo kudlule vivinyo. standard Unofficial kule ndawo RSpec - kulolu hlaka ikuvumela ukubhala okokuhlola ukuqonda, ngisho abasebenzisi abangenalwazi ukuthuthukisa.

Ruby Gems

Ngokubonga lokho kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe izindinganiso kufanele uhambisane nazo zonke amaphakheji kanye imitapo e-Ruby, ukuthuthukiswa izengezo akunzima. Ngakho-ke, phakathi amagugu okuthiwa (kusukela English -. Gem) amamojuli zingatholakala nganoma yisiphi isicelo - kusukela ukuhlanganiswa ukuxhumana nomphakathi kanye namasevisi avela eceleni yesikhulumi siphelile e-commerce. Odinga ukusebenzisa umtapo wesithathu - ukuchaza ukwencika project yabo kwabanye umtapo, elise Igumbi akude noma zendawo, futhi ngesikhathi Yakha esilandelayo kule labhulali ngokuzenzakalela ukulayishwa ku isicelo. Iphinde lula kufuduka phakathi iphrojekthi onjiniyela, njengoba kungekho isidingo ngesandla ukwabelana ukuncika ukwakha iphrojekthi.

Ngakho-ke, uma ucelwa futhi ngalokho kuba "Ruby", bese uzokwazi ukusho la mazwi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu enamandla futhi enza izinto ezihlukahlukene ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo ngokuqinisekile kufanelekile kokubili onjiniyela abanolwazi kanye Wabasaqalayo abafuna ukufunda uHlelo hhayi izikebhe lula. Kuyo kukhona amathuluzi ngokudala kunoma uluphi uhlelo lokusebenza - kusuka izicelo ideskithophu kumasevisi mobile nakuzingxenyekazi sewebhu.