Kuyini isifungo? Okunhlobonhlobo nokubaluleka

Kuyini isifungo? Lena isithembiso noma isifungo esisemthethweni sokwethembeka. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla ngokuvamile hlabelela isifungo ekuthwaleni umthwalo wemfanelo. futhi kungaba lempi noma wezokwelapha (ezaziwa ngokuthi Izifungo Hippocratic). Walamukela phambi kofakazi esimweni zemikhosi futhi luyingxenye esisemthethweni. Yini isifungo? Kuphephile ukusho ezizungezile ukunemba kwawo kanye nokuthi i la mazwi agcwaliseka. Njengoba sekushiwo ekuqaleni, isifungo noma isifungo ukuba ezibonakalayo sihluke nomunye.

Izifungo odokotela - the Izifungo Hippocratic

Cishe ingxenye engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, udokotela odumile ngesiGreki, naye obizwa ngo wemithi, wabhala isifungo owaziwa. Kwaba inhlobo ikhodi yizicukuthwane lokuziphatha ukuthi odokotela baqaphele yilolu suku. Abaningi balandele lesi, kodwa-ke ngeshwa, inkolelo ezithakazelisayo iphutha. Kanjani lolu lwazi yini lesi sithembiso? Amaqiniso abonisa ukuthi inhlanganiso yocezuningi wayengeyena umlobi we sonke isifungo odumile ukuthi konke okunye igama lakhe. Futhi, kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi isifungo abadumile awuhambisani ngokuphelele ngenguqulo yayo yasekuqaleni.

Ngubani-ke ukuthi wabhala, futhi ngani namuhla?

Kungani kukhona isizathu sokungabaza ukuthi lo muntu uHippocrates wabhala isifungo? Izifungo ngokwesiko iqala inkomba konkulunkulu abahlukahlukene, njengoba yaziwa, wayengumuntu wokuqala owakhuphula imithi ezingeni ezesayensi, uhlukanisa ngokuphelele ke inkolo namasiko. Abantu ayephila nabo babazi ukuthi wayekhetha ukubheka inkinga yezizathu bokuphila, kunokuba emandleni angaphezu kwawemvelo. Awukwazi sikhohlwe iqiniso lokuthi izenzo ezithile okunqatshelwe Izifungo Hippocratic akusho kungqubuzana nezindinganiso wezokwelapha isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi isisu futhi ukuzibulala akulahlwa ngumthetho ngisho inkolo, kodwa ayenqatshelwe ukuhlinzwa. Futhi njengoba wazi, incazelo amasu amaningi kuhlinzwa kufakwe ukuqoqwa imisebenzi ethile yezokwelapha, avamise isibaluli sikaHippocrates. Kule kungaba ngempela isiphetho esithakazelisayo okunengqondo: ngesifungo, noma zenza isifungo, kungenzeka awuzange eyabhalwa sikaHippocrates.

Iningi imicabango nefilosofi, ebanjwa kule dokhumenti, kunalokho luhambisane imibono Pythagorean ukuthi ukushumayela ubungcwele bokuphila babengiphatha ngokhahlo kokuba uhlinzwe. Ngeshwa, umlobi kweqiniso yesifungo ezidumile yaqhubeka ingaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Sonke lesi sikhathi, okungukuthi, okwathatha amakhulu eminyaka amabili nanhlanu, isifungo kunomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zabantu futhi wakhonza njengephayona ayisiqondiso kwezokwelapha. Kuze kube manje, lesi sifungo kuthathwe ezikhungweni eziningi zezemfundo wezokwelapha. Kuvamile lokhu ekukhiqizeni kanye nokwethulwa of degree kadokotela.

isifungo lempi

Kukholakala ukuthi kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala it fanele kuze ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Kievan Rus 'Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko amasosha ahlomile squad. Lokho kusho isifungo? Ngokuzithandela ungase zijoyine yamasotja anesibindi, kwakufanele bonyana enze zidlule nokuvivinywa okuhlukahlukene isibindi dexterity. Phezu kokuphothula iqhawe elalisanda kumiswa uzonikeza isifungo esinjalo. Kuyini ngesifungo ukuba sosha? Kwakuwumkhosi ukuthi bahlanganisa umkhuba esebanga esiphambanweni. Lesi sifungo, njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla, sathathwa ebukhoneni umpristi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhuba ngempela isifungo lempi usebhekene izinguquko ezithile. Kuze kube manje, inqubo mkhosi kunqunywa jikelele iziqondiso lempi. Ngo ibutho ngosuku isifungo ngokomthetho kubhekwe ukuba zemikhosi. Isosha ngalinye kuyinto ukubaluleka kwalesi emkhubeni. Izifungo (okushiwo letinikwe lapha ngenhla) kuyinto isithembiso esingathí sina. Ukubaluleka efanayo lifana igama elithi "isifungo".

isifungo Judicial

Kuze kube manje, lesi sifungo enkantolo kwamanye amazwe, esebenzisa iBhayibheli. Okuningi ngokunembile, kuphela esebeké isandla sakhe. Lolusiko kwakwandile Ephakathi. IBhayibheli njengencwadi engcwele, ngokusobala wakhonza njengomdala igunya futhi akuvumelekile ukuba alale enkantolo. Kanjani? Esimeni ukukhwabanisa noma ukwehluleka athembisa kulowo wafunga uzale sijeziso esinzima. Njengoba abantu abangaphansi kude bazibheka njengabangaphansi ngempela inkolo, izinkantolo amaningi aseYurophu cabanga indlela yokukhipha le isiko emfushane yokuqulwa kwecala. Abanye bakholelwa isinqumo ngale ndlela kufanele, ngoba umuntu ayazi ukuthi yini isifungo, awukwazi abaqapheli ngokugcwele okushiwo umthwalo ukuthi uhlezi phezu kwakhe.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukubaluleka

Akekho ongaphika ukuthi leli siko ukuthukana lasendulo sisabenza emphakathini wanamuhla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, isifungo Hippocratic, isifungo lempi, noma isifungo enkantolo, lokhu kufanele wasondela sina. Wonke umuntu yena kumele ukuthola ukuthi kunani isifungo nokuthi sizokuthinta kanjani ukuphila kwakhe. Nge ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa futhi eliphezulu, ungenza ekhaliphile, isinqumo unolwazi.