Kunganjani ukuthuthukisa isivinini injini: izimbangela kungenzeka futhi amakhambi

Ukunciphisa inani ematfuba injini kakhulu kuthinta amandla traction yayo izimfanelo. Uma imoto yakho ngokungazelelwe silahlekelwa lobubhalo yayo yangaphambili, kufanele ucabange mayelana uphethwe yayo, ngoba lezi zimpawu musa athembisa lutho oluhle.

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa kungani injini akwenzeki ngokuphazima umfutho futhi lokho kungaba axhunyiwe. Siphinde sibheke izimbangela ukulahlekelwa amandla amandla iyunithi nezindlela bawabulale yabo.

izimpawu

Nquma ukuthi ijubane injini akwenzeki, anakho ukuthuthukisa, akunzima, ikakhulukazi uma ayevame ngemoto, futhi uyazi zezici zalo bomdabu. Labo abashayeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho umkhuba wabo ne nenkinga efanayo, bazi ukuthi ukunciphisa amandla libhekene ukusheshisa evilaphayo, ukulahlekelwa Dynamics, traction, kanye okweqile yenjini nokukhuphula petrol. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi izinqubo ahambisana qeda bluish noma ngisho black.

Ucindezela isinyathelo namafutha kanye injini eba emuva ezimbi? Nakani tachometer. motor onesici kufanele ngokushesha ekwandeni inani uphethiloli uthunyelwe combustor ukwandisa imali ye rotations we crankshaft. Futhi uma lokhu akwenzeki, udinga ngokushesha funa inkinga.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

Izizathu okuyinto ngesivinini injini akwenzeki, kungaba kakhulu. Nalu uhlu kwabangcwele ezivamile:

• powerplant hhayi ashisa yokusebenza;
• ongaphakeme noma, kunalokho, i ezingeni ngokweqile uphethiloli ekamelweni iflothi;
• engaphelele kuyashesha futha;
• Imibhobho esemzimbeni avimbekile, iziteshi carburetor;
• emoyeni ukuvuza ku ezininginingi eyanele;
• ngokungalungile usethe isikhathi ukuthungela;
• cam isigaba i-;
• kwephulwe izikhala of inhlansi plugs;
• emoyeni noma ukuvaleka lemifanekiso uphethiloli;
• iphutha mass komoya izinzwa, isikhundla crankshaft, mpintsha isikhundla, detonation;
• yokuntuleka kokucindezelwa kule amasilinda nabanye.

Njengoba ubona, uhlu ivolumu kwanele, nakuba igama eliphelele kungaqali. Ake sihlole kabanzi iphutha efakwe ohlwini.

injini abandayo

Kungaba yiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi zidinga amandla ngokugcwele amandla iyunithi kuze izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ukubaluleka yokusebenza (90 ⁰ C), ikakhulukazi uma kuyinto fuel injection injini nge carburetor. Cold injini speed akwenzeki ngokuphazima ngokugcwele, ngisho nalapho binda avaliwe ngokugcwele. Ingxube nophethiloli ngaphambi kokungena ekamelweni omlilo babe sishiswa ngakho. Kungenjalo, imoto ngeke "Jerk ', futhi motor sekumiswe futhi zicace. Ngakho uma unayo imoto ifakwe injini carbureted, hhayi ezisheshayo ushiye kuze kube nendlu yaqala ukufudumala.

ezingeni Okokhelekayo ekamelweni iflothi

Izinga fuel ekamelweni iflothi futhi bayakwazi ukuthonya ukusebenza kwe-amandla iyunithi. Uma kuwukuthi labhubhisa ephansi, uphethiloli lokuhlushwa ingxube ezivuthayo kuyehla. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini akwenzeki ngokuphazima amandla. Lapho overestimated ezingeni ingxube, kunalokho, ngicebe kakhulu, kodwa lingena ekamelweni omlilo ngenhla kuyinsakavukela. Ngaphambi kokuthola ku uMbhalo ayinayo isikhathi ukuxoxa kule ezininginingi eyanele, okungaholela detonation futhi ukulahlekelwa ijubane.

Izinga fuel kulawulwa okucindezelayo (eguqa) sintanta fasteners.

Accelerator futha, carburetor Jets neziteshi

Iqhubeka isihloko ukulahlekelwa amandla injini umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli, ingasaphathwa isifutho namafutha. Lokho kuxhomeke impilo yakhe Asabela kanjani amandla unit isinyathelo igesi. Ezimweni eziningi, inkinga esinazo ngokuhlinzeka fuel, futhi ukusola "uphafuza" nebulizer lapho uphethiloli sidla emfudlaneni elincanyana. Ukuhlola ukusebenza carburetor namafutha futha, udinga ukususa lemifanekiso air, ukuvula ukubukwa ikhamera okokuqala. Okulandelayo udinga ukuvula le mpintsha futhi uyibambe imizuzwana embalwa. Kulokhu kusukela "itjhubhu" namafutha kufanele ukubaleka mncane (1 mm) zangena uphethiloli iqondiswe ngokunembile ekamelweni lesibili. Uma ephansi amandla jet noma ijika - uphawu odla we Jets nebulizer, kuyashesha futha valve. Thina ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwenza indlela yokuhlanza yabo.

emoyeni ukuvuza ku ezininginingi engayitholi

Esinye isizathu sokuba Ukuhlakulela ukulwelwa injini kungaba eziwubala ukuvuza umoya ngaphakathi ezininginingi itheku samandla iyunithi. Izimpawu zalesi iphutha iyathiyeka motor isiqalo, ke "UKWENZA" nezinkinga idling, ukwanda petrol kanye, yebo, ukulahlekelwa inombolo linemibhikisho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba bonke Ukuwohloka ezinqala ingxube ngendiza nalo kokungena ekamelweni amandla omlilo.

Ngokuvamile depressurization uhlelo kungenxa ukwehla kwentengo gasket engayitholi ezininginingi. Ukuze sithole ukuthi uphethiloli injected injini speed akwenzeki nje ngenxa ukuvuza air kunzima, akulula ukuthola indawo futhi depressurization uqobo. Kungcono ukuphathisa ke ochwepheshe. Kodwa ezinye izinto ungazama nokwenza futhi iningi. Ngokwesibonelo, sithatha isipetu ngenaliti ukuze usigcwalisa uphethiloli (noma solarium for udizili lokubolekwa) futhi aphathe uphethiloli kwesigubhu isikhala uxhumano motor azungezile. Uma therebetween gasket inoperable ke kanye emoyeni ekamelweni omlilo uzobe ukusivumela nophethiloli. Lapho egijima injini, uzophawula ushintsho oluhle umsebenzi wakhe, ungaqiniseka ukuthi isizathu ungaphakathi ukuncela.

Engalungile ukuthungela isikhathi

Isikhathi esining impela kwenzeka ukuthi ezineshwa abanikazi imoto, sizibuza ukuthi kungani hhayi ukuthuthukisa isivinini injini, bayakhohlwa okwamanje ukuthungela, yize ke linendima ebalulekile emsebenzini amandla iyunithi. Kusukela kuncike ukuthungela esifike ingxube ukukhwezelwa emakamelweni amandla omlilo. Uma isikhathi ukuthungela echayeke kahle, awudingeki ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela nezindlela akayitholi umsebenzi kahle ehlelekile yazo zonke izinhlelo kanye motor izindlela.

Amayunithi amandla umjovo isikhathi esifanele ukuhlangabezana izinzwa ezifanele. Umsebenzi wawo ukuqoqa ulwazi futhi ulithumele electronic control unit, nakho ulungisa i-engeli. Ngo uphethiloli izinjini, izinzwa ezifana Nanyana kunjalo ukuthungela kusethwa ngesandla ezimazombe engxenyeni engenhla distributor ukuthungela.

Setha aqonde ngqo endaweni efanele wedwa futhi ngaphandle nemishini ekhethekile akulula, kodwa kungenzeka. A workshop for ukuthi strobe ukukhanya ekhethekile isetshenziswa, lapho Uchwepheshe inquma isikhundla uphawu crankshaft ngesikhathi isikhundla elithile distributor.

Ukwephula isikhathi

Ukwephula isikhathi ngokuvamile kubangelwa zokugwema ukuphuka of ibhande isikhathi noma esikhundleni salo. Wenze iphutha njengenhlangano offset i "izinyo" okungenani oyedwa phakathi amagiya we crankshaft kanye camshaft, uthola inkinga yangempela ngesimo eyohlinzwa engazinzile yenjini, okwandisa petrol, umbala qeda nezinye izinkathazo.

Ukuze ugweme ukuwela esimweni esifanayo, umsebenzi ibhande esikhundleni isikhathi kanye nokugcinwa zonke izakhi ezihambisana naso, kufanele kwenziwe amagalaji. Nokho, uma kungeke kwenzeke lokhu, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela futhi isikhwama esingumsuka amalebula ukuhambisana phezu isikhathi amagiya, crankshaft futhi ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza.

Izikhala phakathi electrode

Esinye isizathu sokuba sibe lapho injini eba kancane uphendulela noma akwenzeki nhlobo, kungaba igebe ayilungile phakathi electrode we plugs inhlansi. Ingabe uqobo imoto evamile ukusebenza injini ngokujwayelekile, kodwa into ungathandi, futhi unqume ukushintsha amakhandlela, kodwa musa ukufunda izincomo umenzi. Iphutha esikhaleni by omunye kwabayishumi noma eyodwa-wokuhamba a milimitha ngeke izinguquko ngokuqinisekile negative nokuqhutshwa injini. Kuye izithelo zawo noma ukwehla kungase ingathiyeki sokuqala, ukulahlekelwa izimfanelo traction, amandla nokuncishiswa, bahlule fuel njll

Uma sikhuluma izikhala, ingasaphathwa dvuhtaknye izinjini. Kubo, amakhandlela - esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa operation esitebeleni of motor. Ngakho, uma injini ezimbili sohlangothi akudingeki ukuthuthukisa isivinini, uqale uhlole isimo electrode kanye nokufuna ukuhambisana nesikhathi imvume Izinga Kunconywa.

Ukuvaleka emoyeni nophethiloli izihlungi

Kufanele Ngaphinde bathi izihlungi kudingeka ingashintshwa njalo. Amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane 7-10, futhi ezimweni ezikhethekile ephindwe kabili yokubhidlika kunalapho. Kwemoya salezi zici ukubangela izinkinga ekondleni fuel noma umoya ngaphakathi ezininginingi futhi kuholela ukuphazamiseka operation evamile injini. Ukungabi yezingcindezi fuel evamile kaphethiloli iba imbangela Ukuwohloka ingxube ezivuthayo futhi uma izinkinga esinazo ngokuhlinzeka emoyeni isifika pereobogaschenie yayo. Futhi ngowokuqala futhi esimweni sesibili, injini "ingakwazi" evuthayo ngokweqile, ilahlekelwa amandla, isivinini, ibusa ngophethiloli.

Eqeda iphutha enjalo ngokufaka esikhundleni izakhi zokuhlunga.

izinzwa engesiyo

Uma beqhathaniswa carburetor, izinzuzo uphethiloli injected injini kusukela lokuthi ukusebenza kwawo kulawulwa ngekhompyutha futhi uma izinkinga umshayeli uyezwa nabo ngokusebenzisa isignali iphutha control panel. Ngeke kuphela ukuxhuma ngumhloli futhi ukufunda ikhodi ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi node kuhlulekile. Lokhu kungenxa izinzwa electronic ukuqapha umsebenzi amasistimu main netindlela. Kodwa akudingeki kuze kube phakade. Phi of them ehluleka ukusebenza, injini sekuqalile ukuba mode eziphuthumayo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-control unit electronic uyayeka kokuthola ulwazi olufanele, umsebenzi amandla iyunithi iba engazinzile.

kokucindezelwa enganele

Futhi ekugcineni, isici ezingemnandi neze, okubangela ukungaqini isivinini kanye injini amandla ukulahlekelwa - yokuntuleka kokucindezelwa. It is phetho zokukhandleka piston noma sebethule (coking) emasongweni piston. Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho emakamelweni omlilo incipha, futhi ezinye amandla omlilo of ingxube ezivuthayo omane elahlekile.

Kokucindezela kukalwa umhloli kokucindezelwa. nemingcele yayo evamile, kuye ngohlobo injini, zingahluka kusuka 10 kuya 14 kg / cm ^2. Ukuthola nenkinga efanayo, nawe kufanele ucabange injini ukulungiswa ezinkulu.