Kungani bathi eMoscow - port kwezilwandle ezinhlanu?

Abaningi bethu okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe izwa isisho eMoscow - port kwezilwandle ezinhlanu. Kodwa uma eyolanda ibalazwe esifundeni laseMoscow, akekho uyothola iyiphi ulwandle eseduze. Kungani ngakho saqala ukukhuluma? Ake uqale kusukela ekuqaleni.

imikhumbi Ukuhamba

Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakungekho imoto, akukho izitimela, akukho izindiza, futhi abahambisele nokudla nezinye imithwalo ahlukahlukene kuleli dolobha wayekade njalo. Mina basisize yemikhumbi. Yiqiniso, imikhumbi izikhathi lasendulo babengene akufani njengoba manje. Namuhla, basuke ebhukuda ngokumelene igagasi by injini, kodwa ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala udonse ezintanjeni. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ihhashi. Man usetshenziswe wabahola ogwini. Nokho, amahhashi bekubudisi, kodwa umuntu ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi onjalo kwakuyiNkosi nzima nakakhulu.

Ubufakazi leli qiniso iyona isithombe Ili Repina ngokuthi "Barge Haulers phezu iVolga". On ke umculi ukuboniswa isixuku akhathazwe umshikashika boatmen amadoda ngubani donsa umkhumbi ngezintambo. Ubuso babo zishiswe ilanga elishisa bhé, emabunzini abo wamboza umjuluko, izingubo yaphenduka bube manikiniki kokusebenza kanzima imini yonke. Scary ukucabanga ukuthi angakanani amandla nempilo wanikwa laba bantu ukuze bathwale izimpahla lapho okusweleka khona. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu into iyiswe e ngomkhumbi onjalo ngendlela ukulayishwa, ngisho emahlathini kanye nezimfunda emkhunjini baqhubeka isendleleni ngomfula. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama elithi wahamba, ukuthi imikhumbi musa ukubhukuda, uhambe.

Muscovites ukwazi ukuthi endaweni lapho Volokolamsk edolobheni. Igama lalesi edolobheni siqukethe izimpande amabili "kufa" futhi "Lama". Lokhu isiphetho ludabuka ezindaweni transhipment Eqinisweni lapho umkhumbi uhoxile amanzi Lama emfuleni futhi zidonswa phansi ukuze Voloshni embhedeni. ukuzungeza enjalo yayithatha imikhumbi engaphezu amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, kodwa ngekhulu XVIII, uMbusi uPeter Omkhulu necebo umbono ukwakha isiteshi ekhethekile. Kodwa kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ethekwini kwezilwandle ezinhlanu emlandweni kuyoba kamuva ngisho.

emfuleni Okwenziwe umuntu

UMbusi uPeter Ngafikelwa ithuba ukunciphisa mfula ukuba umkhumbi. Cabanga ukuthi kusuka eMoscow kuya Ryazan yahamba umkhumbi akadingi amakhilomitha 200 njengoba imoto, nokunye okuningi. Into wukuthi lo mfula ubizwa emazombezombe kakhulu, Ziningi esonta kanye ematfuba, ngakho mfula lungaphezu umgwaqo ovulekile.

UMbusi wethu yasungulwa mba imisele ejulile ezindaweni lomfula lapho uzimisele kakhulu, abese ukuvala emfuleni isiteshi ubudala, hhayi ulahlekile amanzi lapho, futhi umkhombe entsha ukugcwalisa ke. Yileyo indlela umbono kaPetru waqonda ezinye emfuleni!

Ngempela, lo mgwaqo Kwakulula futhi mfushane kuka owedlule. Ngokumangalisayo, lowo mbono uvunyelwe ukwakha nemifula ezindaweni lapho they ze khona. Ukuze lo muntu akazange avume ukuba udonse ngokwakho umkhumbi, kwaba ngokwanele okumba isiteshi ezijulile, kanye onguthelawayeka yakhelwa Navy.

Kungase kukumangaze, kodwa iduna asebenzayo namanje owawusekelwe ngokoqobo iphrojekthi enjalo. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe Vyshnevolotskiy Canal lakhiwa. Lokhu kwesigubhu sekuxhumekile ezimbili emifuleni Tvertsa futhi Tsnu. Ngakho kusukela emikhunjini iVolga yawela oLwandle iBaltic. Port of kwezilwandle ezinhlanu kamuva bazakha ngendlela efanayo.

izinhlelo ezinganeni

UMbusi Petr Veliky ngesikhathi wathatha isisu ukuxhuma River Moskva kanye iVolga. Kodwa lezi izinhlelo awazange ezimiselwe zigcwaliseke. Ekhulwini XVIII, umbusi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe isilinganiso, futhi uma Yenziwa kokuba bazijwayeze, wathi uPetru nababe ukuphoxeka lokuqala: "Kodwa"

Ukwakhiwa isiteshi ngesikhathi kwenzakala eqolo futhi isikhathi ukudliwa, ngoba sasingekho ubuchwepheshe ungayenta ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle abalimala. Futhi sizobe asondela kakhudlwana umbuzo: kungani eMoscow libizwa ethekwini kwezilwandle ezinhlanu?

Capital womile

Ngamunye wethu uyazi ukuthi ukuphuza amanzi empompini, ngenxa yokuthi lo muzi yakhelwe lomfula. Kwaba njalo eMoscow. Njengoba usuzokwenza zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili inhlokodolobha iqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ukuze izakhamuzi bantule kwamanzi ahlanzekile. iziphathimandla zedolobha Kuyaphuthuma ukuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo.

Futhi ngo-1931 kwanqunywa ukuthi ujoyine emfuleni eyinhloko-dolobha yombuso iVolga. yena kuphela bangasiza eMoscow kulesi simo. Ngonyaka olandelayo waqala ukwakhiwa isiteshi Omkhulu eMoscow. isakhiwo Grand eyathatha iminyaka 5, futhi entwasahlobo ngo-1937, isiteshi lwakhiwe ngempumelelo.

Ubude bayo 128 amakhilomitha. I Spring efanayo Mashi 23 iVolga sima imizuzu 3, futhi iVolga isiteshi wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Ivankovskoe kwesigubhu yagcwala, April 18, amanzi kusukela iVolga abakhileyo odakiwe yenhloko-dolobha!

It kuvela ukuthi akubona bonke Muscovites wazi ngalokho ibanga elide ukuze unqobe amanzi Baphuza.

Moscow - idolobha-port yanoma kwezilwandle ezinhlanu

Nansi impendulo yombuzo othi. Kuvulwa isiteshi Kwakuphakathi Iosifa Stalina umthetho. Le nkulumo kwakuzwakala kusukela izindebe ikhanda likahulumeni waseSoviet. Lokho okushiwo yile nkulumo wukuthi emva ukwakhiwa isiteshi eMoscow futhi "iVolga-Don" kusukela idolobha elikhulu lakulesi kubo ungakwazi ukufinyelela:

• Black Sea.
• OLwandle Azov.
• White Sea.
• I Baltic Sea.
• I iCaspian Sea.

Isimo "Imbobo kwezilwandle emihlanu" angabelwa hhayi kuphela eMoscow kodwa futhi nabo bonke labo imizi kube nokukhulumisana amanzi ne-dolobha. Le mizi ihlanganisa Uglich, Volgograd, Kazan nokunye. Generalissimo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwakufaneleka sokwakha imisebenzi enjalo emikhulu, ngakho-ke qinisekisa port kwezilwandle ezinhlanu eMoscow weza khumbulani igama uStalin.