Khortytsya Isiqhingi nomlando wayo. Izikhangibavakashi nezithombe siqhingi Khortytsya

Khortytsya ihlobene eduze umlando Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke emfuleni isiqhingi, hhayi kuphela e-Ukraine nakulo eYurophu. Man wahlala lapha kusukela kudala: iminonjana lokuqala ukuhlala akhe BC III yeminyaka.

Namuhla, wonke wesikole Ukrainian uyazi, lapho umfula esiqhingini Khortytsya. Dnepr - lo mfula omkhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu-Ukraine. Lona isiteshi esikhulu Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, kuba kubangela izitshalo eziyisithupha amandla kagesi. Noma kunjalo, ukukhangana wendawo ezibaluleke kakhulu uyisiphephelo Ukraine Cossacks. Kuze kube namuhla ku Khortitsa walondoloza amasiko kanye izikhumbuzo ezingaba sibuyise ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa edlule, futhi wakubonisa kanjani lokho reestrovtsy wahlala.

North Khortytsya

Umsolwa omdala eziyisithupha Hydro izitshalo amandla - Zaporozhye Dnieper - eyakhelwe ngo-1932 futhi iyasebenza at zigcwele ngo-1939. Emithambekeni olusenyakatho lwalesi siqhingi Khortytsya umbono emangalisa naleli damu. Lapha landscape ugxile kakhulu emaweni: ngezinye izikhathi egwadle namadwala nivukele 40-50 amamitha ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Kulesi ingxenye yesiqhingi ugcwele grottos, nasemihumeni, amadwala ezinkulu kanye nezincane, lapho omunye abakwazi nokuhamba behlele emanzini. Esikhathini enyakatho ingxenye - ". Umbundu" Museum of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, embukisweni "Zaporizhzhya Sich", labavulekela ngo-2009, engcwele, "Tarasova Thunga" futhi izintaba umzila

South Khortytsya

Esikhathini eningizimu endaweni exhaphozini, odla izindwani, wadala izinkulungwane zeminyaka Dnieper kanzima ageleza. Lapha ugu Kuhlehliswe nge coves eziningi futhi chweba. emfuleni inflicted nenhlabathi evundile baye abe litheku ezihlukahlukene yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphambili, ehlathini, izihlahla, nemihlanga utshani ayesuka esiqhingini Khortytsya ukuba Kherson futhi Zaporizhia nabizelwa Elikhulu Meadows.

Kulezi zindawo wayedume Protolchy ezibukweni, ngawo kwakunokwenzeka ukuba zisuke yasebhange kuya phezulu hhayi ukuthola izinyawo zakho ezimanzi, noma afika okhalweni emanzini. Konke lokhu ubukhazikhazi avela wangcwatshwa phansi Kakhovka amadamu ekwakhiweni omunye amandla esiteshini emifula. amandla kagesi imizamo ngokuhlanganyela ukukhiqiza% 8 kuphela ugesi kuleli zwe futhi kukhona umthombo njalo usongo kwemvelo.

inqolobane

Namuhla, emaphethelweni aseningizimu siqhingi Khortytsya kubaluleke kakhulu e ukongiwa imvelo Dnieper. Five ichibi elihlanzekile nesigamu kuya emachibini amancane amabili kweshumi nasemathekwini ibe indawo ephephile ezilwaneni eziningi zezitshalo: iminduze, iminduze amanzi, amanzi chestnut, iris, umhlanga, njll Lapha kutholakala Fern ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni - Salvinia elintantayo ...

Emanzini wokungenisa izihambi southern Hortitsa eziyizimbangela ezingaphezu kuka-50 nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu-, isidleke ezingaphezu kuka-120 zezinyoni (nakuba lonke elase-Ukraine nje kuka-300), bachuma-30 zezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

Isimo reserve island Khortytsya kwaba emuva ngo-1965. Ngaphambi kwalokho, sasibhekwa isikhumbuzo sendawo (1958) kanye kazwelonke (1963) amagugu. Ngemva ukuzimela, uhulumeni Ukrainian alinikeze isimo esiqhingini kahulumeni yokulondoloza imvelo (1993).

Ngokombono nokongiwa umsebenzi kwemvelo ke kubaluleke kakhulu: kukhona ezikhulayo ezingaphezu kuka-560 zezitshalo zasendle. Isiqhingi angavalelwa isikhala isibalo esinjalo omkhulu.

Zaporizhzhya Cossacks

Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi inkulu emlandweni walesi siqhingi Khortytsya, ezihambisana ikakhulukazi ne Zaporozhye Cossacks. Prince Vishnevetskii, nalapho temdzabu ngaphansi kwegama Baida, ekhulwini XVI, uye wahlanganisa disparate Cossack eziqhelelene futhi lakha esiqhingini esincane esiseduze (Small Khortytsya) inqaba yakhelwe ukuvikela imikhawulo isimo Polish-Lithuanian. It ubhekwa sibonelo of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, eyabonakala kuphela 1593. Ngo 1557-m inqaba wawa - Khan Devlet Giray, izindlela ukuze izindonga zawo ngoJanuwari, kuhlulekile sezinsuku ezingu-24 lokuvimbezela akazange fikisa ahlula. Wayengumuntu kakade ekwindla ukuqinisa futhi labhujiswa ngokuphelele inqaba.

Ngaphambi ukuvalwa Zaporizhzhya Sich Khortytsya esiqhingini kwakungekaNkulunkulu izinto zakhe. Ngakho baqala imikhankaso yabo Taras Tryasilo, Ivan Sirko, Sulima, Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

Dnieper weqembu lemikhumbi

kumiswa Military onqenqemeni Empire hhayi iziphathimandla emnandi kakhulu emaphakathi. Lapho ingxenye izinduna asekelwe Hetman Mazepa enkulumweni yakhe anti-Russian ohlangothini abaseSweden, e 1709 zonke Zaporizhzhya Sich kwathiwa esidlekeni amambuka futhi zibhujiswe, ongazange kuvimbe Cossacks ukwenza ohlangothini umqhele Russian empini nge abaseTurkey.

Ngo-1737 kwanqunywa ukwakha wokwakha igceke lemikhumbi entsha: War ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele, futhi imikhumbi Russian eyasehlula Dnieper Rapids. Ngu-1739, eduze esiqhingini Khortytsya wayemi Russian imikhumbi yezempi, ababebalelwa imikhumbi angaba ngamakhulu amane.

Ngo-1998, eduze nogu sathola emzimbeni Cossack gull, okuyinto ususiwe ukusuka Dnieper unyaka wonke. Ngo-2007, kwalethwa kwamanzi atholakala brigantine efanayo. isitsha ababili lasendulo yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo inhlangano Museum angakahleleki Dnieper weqembu lemikhumbi, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu ye siqhingi.

Museum of History of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks

Umlando Zaporizhzhya Cossacks ikakhulu enikelwe ukuvula ngo 1983. I Museum esiqhingini Khortytsya. Ikamelo ithatha square metres mayelana 1600 futhi lihlotshiswe kuhle elibuhlungu. Uphahlwe egwadle izindonga ukudala umphumela wokuba i emhumeni ngomshoshaphansi. Basuke hung kanye izinsalela ahlukahlukene basendulo. ukukhanyisa Jikelele kodwa ayikhanyi kakhulu, esikhanyayo kuphela amatafula nge nemibukiso, eziningi zazo zitholakala kulesi siqhingi eduze ngokushesha.

Lapha ziqoqwa izinsalela amathuluzi lasendulo itshe, zobumba, izinsalela izitsha ezindala, imifanekiso, izinto zasekhaya futhi ingaphakathi. Museum ubonisa isiqu bog oki, buta ezansi Dnieper minyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Intshisekelo dioramas ezembula umlando mlando ezinkulu Zaporizhzhya esifundeni: "Le mpi lokugcina Svyatoslav" (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, incwadi Prince Kiev wabulawa kwaba esiqhingini), "Council Military ekamu," "Ebusuku lokushaya yibutho laseSoviet Zaporozhye (14/10/1943 uMnu .) "," ukwakhiwa Dnieper. "

Abavakashi ku inothi

Ehlobo Museum ivulwa 9-00 ukuze 19-00, ebusika - kusuka 9-00 kuya 16-00. NgeMisombuluko, kungaphumeleli, kumelwe kukhunjulwe lapho uhlela uhambo esiqhingini Khortytsya. Uhambo ezihlinzekwa esiqiwini kazwelonke, ezithakazelisayo futhi zihlukahlukene. Namuhla, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-nedlanzana evumelanisiwe izintaba izinkambo azungeze lesi siqhingi, anikezelwe Amakhasi ezahlukene nomlando wayo.

Uma kungekho isifiso kungakapheli imizuzu 45-90 uhambo yomhlahlandlela ngezinyawo, kukhona ithuba oda bhasi ehlala njalo 2.5 amahora phezu ingxenye eseningizimu ye-island. Reserve uthembisa yokuchitha isizungu ezimnandi futhi ulwazi lochwepheshe onekhono kakhulu emphakathini. Popular isiqhingi futhi izingane ukuba Matinee ekhethekile athuthukile. Phakathi malyshnya kubo hhayi kuphela abanalo, kodwa futhi simazi kangcono umlando ezweni lakubo.

"Zaporozhye"

A indawo evelele phakathi ezikhangayo esiqhingini usesikhundleni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando namasiko "Zaporozhye", elaqala ngo-2004. Ingxenye izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ngesikhathi ukuqopha kwesici ifilimu "Taras Bulba". Ngo-2009, lesi sakhiwo kwavuleka ukuvakashelwa izivakashi.

Maphakathi mbukiso esontweni encane sokhuni seNcasakazi oNgcwele, okuyinto amaHubo bugcizelelwa domes ezintathu. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange amabili nantathu izakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi ukwethula izivakashi Cossack izindlu Interiors, izikhungo ezisemthethweni futhi ezemfundo, Tavern bendabuko, yezikhali. Yonke embukisweni sehlukaniswe wangaphakathi Cauchy Emaphethelweni, okuyinto, ngeshwa, kwenzakala iyophangwa ngu izigangi yesimanje. Leli dolobhana lizungezwe udonga, amaqembu nge imibhoshongo ezintathu iwashi, umsele kanye kukhale zobumba.

izitolo oNgcwele amasiko Cossack nowasekhaya-Equestrian Theatre (etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu siqhingi Khortytsya). Lapha isebenza esitolo wensimbi, ukuthengisa izinto eziyizikhumbuzo njalo kukhona ezithakazelisayo imidlalo yaseshashalazini: umdanso, izimpi eliqoshiwe ngezinkemba, khombisa ubuciko babo nabagibeli abanamakhono. Theatre inikeza ukusebenza njalo ku-ICC "Zaporozhye."

Akulona Cossacks olulodwa

On inothi ehlukile, ukuthi Cossacks akazange ucede ngomnotho zomlando zalezi zindawo - Khortytsya isiqhingi, ogama ezikhangayo ziziningi, elinabantu ezikhathini zangaphambili.

Eminyakeni 1976-1980 esiqhingini yayiqhutshelwa imivubukulo okutheni lapho kwatholakala komnikazi lempi X-XIV eminyaka nasengxenyeni eseningizimu. I uyathola ngabanye - izikhali, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba - ukuphakamisa lasendulo ukuthi settlement nakakhulu. Namhlanje ngo isayithi wavula isikhumbuzo izivakashi eziyinkimbinkimbi "Protovche zokuhlala".

UmSkithe yokungcwaba izindunduma

Baye zangishiya esiqhingini, futhi amaSkithe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwakukhona 129 izindunduma. I owayemdala kunabo bonke basonta emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age (III yeminyaka BC. E.). Imibhoshongo esemgwaqweni okuthiwa umSkithe ukuthi uma wagijima ephakeme endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi Khortytsya. Namuhla, izindunduma nanye esilungisiwe, ehlotshiswe itshe neyethusi stelae broads. Omunye wabo eduze Museum of umlando we Cossacks.

Memorial-izivakashi eziyinkimbinkimbi "Zorov Grave" ( "ikamu umSkithe"), anikezelwe umlando ikhasi umSkithe kuthatha cishe ezinhlanu amahektha futhi kuhlanganisa omunye embukisweni ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto ezikhangayo esiqhingini Khortytsya - Museum of ukubaza itshe. Lapha ungabona imisebenzi wezandla zomuntu, okuyinto engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule. Ngakho ukukhuluma, uthinte owawusekelwe itshe Gaumont eminyaka.

Taras Shevchenko

Ehlobo lika-1843 Khortytsya wavakashela Taras Shevchenko oneminyaka engu-29 ubudala. Nge egwadle ezinkulu eziyisikhombisa, lapho aqoshiwe olayini imisebenzi Kobzar Omkhulu, okuyinto ubheke esiqhingini Khortytsya usebenzisa ethnographers wayezimisele umzila ukuhamba kwakhe, futhi afanele kanye Zaporozhye Omkhulu Meadow. Noma ubani angakwazi ukuhamba ezinyathelweni imbongi bajabulele indawo nge indlela imvelo "umbundu."

Khortytsya namuhla - iholidi esiqhingini okuyinto ethandwa, hhayi nje phakathi bendawo. Kumnandi othulayo ngisho elinokuthula. Kusukela ezingwini enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Dnieper iyabonakala, futhi eduze esichasiselweni "Zaporozhye" ukuthi kulingisa inqaba ejwayelekile Cossack ka XVI-XVIII eminyaka. Kukhona umuzwa cishe ezingaqondakali ukuthi ngasemngceleni ophakathi esidlule futhi esikhathini esizayo.

Izinganekwane yalesi siqhingi Khortytsya

Cishe zonke rock noma umhume lesi siqhingi sinamabandla legend lalo. Ukuze usitshele ngamunye wabo, kwakuzothatha isikhathi esiningi. Unentshisekelo umlando ezesabekayo ebhalwini, elichazwa uHerodotus. Ithi, e ijeli ezweni imilingo (mlando bathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa Elikhulu Meadow Zaporozhye) Heracles wahlangana enhle inyoka-amantombazane. Bona kwenzeke ukuthanda emhumeni esifanayo, emnyango ewumngcingo lapho kungabonakala isithombe se-isiqhingi Khortytsya, eyenziwe abalandeli of imidlalo eyingozi. Thola kunzima kakhulu.

umuntu wabantwana bakwa ezintathu hero yesiGreki ubuhle bendawo kuphela ephethwe ukugoba umnsalo uyise nobuqhawe, futhi wabizwa Skif. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isithombe-Maid Izinyoka musa senziwe ezinkulu zamatshe lesi siqhingi, futhi imvelaphi yabo kunalokho ezingacacile.

Kamuva, abantu esezinzile emhumeni abadumile Snake Gorynycha - ngokuhlela bajikijela heroes abangazange ufuna ukushiya yena yedwa, futhi wadala eziningi eziqhingini Dnieper ngisho Rapids abadumile.

izimfihlakalo yemilingo yalesi siqhingi

Kukhona ku Khortitsa nento isithakazelo Abasekeli esotericism - itshe elikhulu enesisindo quintals emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha, alingeniswanga ngumuntu yeqhwa, alingeniswanga kusuka abanye abantu. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu zohlobo akuyona ejwayelekile kule ndawo: esifundeni abaseduze lapho kwenzeka - laseDonetsk esifundeni. Boulder oluneziqhingi imigqa ezibaziweyo, ngokucacile imali esandleni somuntu. Zimeleleni lezi izincwadi ukuthi zinomuzwa akekho owaziyo ngempela. Kukholakala ukuthi itshe bafaniswe okubonisa inhlanzi (carp) futhi wakhonza njengephayona abantu basendulo njengendlela into ihlelo. Inhlebo asiphe itshe amandla omlingo uyakwazi "edonsa" lesi sifo womuntu.

Ngakho-ke, i-Khortytsya esiqhingini ithakazelisa kakhulu, nokuceba nokuzwa nama-legends. Kuze kube manje, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kukude emfanele. Ngifuna zikholelwa ukuthi inkathi ilungile. Uma kungenzeka, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela kule ndawo. Ngikufisela inhlahla!