Kanjani ukubala usayizi wire?

Njengoba lwezifundo zesikole akubandakanyi ekutadisheni isihloko "kanjani ukubala wire cross-section", ngisho lapho isikhulile, abaningi basuke bengazi ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa. Uma okukhethekile esizayo ihlobene ubunjiniyela kagesi, kule uthisha esikoleni utshela ubuhlobo kagesi kanye Ingxenye evundlile umqhubi. Uma kungenjalo, umuntu namanje uhlala ebumnyameni. Nakuba, Uma unganakile, kungase kubonakale sengathi asikho isidingo ukuqonda zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kanjani ukubala usayizi wire, akunjalo. Wonke umuntu okungenani kanye empilweni yakho iqala ukulungisa, kubandakanya indawo ekhaya izintambo zikagesi. Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa imisebenzi ukulungisa nabasebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, engazi ukuthi ukubala usayizi wire futhi umane othembela abasebenzi, ungakwazi noma overpay okwesikhathi nakancane ikhebula engu- izigaba (ezinye Electricians ukukhwezwa nge isitokwe - nje ukuqiniseka), noma kamuva ungaba lokufeza kabusha esikhundleni ngenxa ngokungalungile akhethiwe sigaba. Akubalulekile ukufunda kahle zonke. Kwanele ukuba nombono jikelele kanjani ukubala kwesigaba wire ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abasebenzi ukhethe isigaba enjalo, hhayi kunoma yimuphi omunye.

Ake sibone ukuthi yini wonke kudingekile ukukhetha ukuthi ulondoloza esigabeni cross? Njengoba kwaziwa kahle ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi Kwenziwa metal babashayeli steel (LEP), ithusi, aluminium. Kukhula inani electron lidlule per unit isikhathi per unit ubude bentambo (okuthiwa ukuminyana lamanje), aba maningi ekushiseni kwalo. + Ngakho, lapho njengephakeme kakhulu wamanje kanye encane umqhubi cross-section sizoba lokushisa kuyanda, okungase avuse okuvela isimo umlilo. Ukushisisa uhlale khona, kodwa uma ingxenye wire zamanje ilungile ke izinga lokushisa uhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo. Ngo amafomula okungenhla kumane a sivezwe kanje.

Isigaba engu- elinama kokuqhuba:

S = 2 * 3,14 * (R * R)

Ngobungako ukunwetshwa komugqa ukuze umzimba okuqinile:

L = L1 * (1 + k * T),

lapho L1 - obuphelele at zero degrees Celsius;

T - lokushisa Ukushisa;

k - Coefficient sokwanda (ithebula value).

Inani cross-section ngu Ukushisa:

S = 3.14 * ((L1 * (1 + k * T) * (L1 * (1 + k * T))

I kwabantu kwamanje, njengoba sekushiwo:

J = I / S

Manje, uma inani ukufaka endaweni ku S ifomula lapho ukufuthelana, kuba sobala ukuthi wonke amanani amathathu zihlobe-, futhi izinga lokushisa linendima ebalulekile.

Omunye elula imibuzo, ngokuvamile zifiki "ukukhubeka" - a "uwuchaza kanjani ingxenye wire." Okokuqala, ukusebenzisa irula lapho kusetshenzwa noma caliper (ukunemba ngezansi) ukucacisa ubukhulu. Khona-ke, abaluphakamisela esikweleni nande ngu 0.78 (indawo indilinga). Yilokho ngakho elula.

Kodwa umkhuba, ubuhlobo kuwukuthi izigaba ezibaluleke kakhudlwana futhi kagesi. Okungukuthi, odinga ukukwazi, isibonelo, hlobo luni wire indlu wiring. Inani lamanje kunqunywa ukwazi amandla ukusetshenziswa kudivayisi noma iqembu. Ngakho, uma esidayisa ixhunywe ekhishwa 2 kilowatts iketela, zamanje salo 2000 W / 220 = 9 A. Manje, itafula ekhethekile amakhodi kagesi, ungathola kwesigaba oyifunayo. Ucabangela lonke inani izintambo ku-USB; umqhubi impahla (aluminium, ithusi); laying indlela (evulekile, e ngamapayipi, ukusika anemifantu); voltage i ovumelekile zamanje value. Ngokwesibonelo, ithusi wire 1 mm sq., Udonga kokuba immured, uyakwazi eside aphase samanje Amps 14, okuhambelana 3 kW (for the amapayipi voltage ka 220 volts).

Ukwencika zamanje, amandla kanye voltage okukhiphayo kusukela ifomula elula:

P = U * mina,

lapho P - amandla kagesi Watts;

U - voltage line volts;

Mina - samanje amperes.

Phawula amayunithi angakahleleki! Umphumela uyoba ukuthi ayilungile uma, isibonelo, esikhundleni ukubaluleka Watts ku-formula ukuba angene esikhundleni eziningi kilowatts.