Izinhlobo ukucabanga. Ukucabanga zibukeke-ngempumelelo - kungcono ...

Ukucabanga, njengoba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi reflection nolwazi yikho ngokoqobo umthombo wolwazi omusha, umuntu onjalo akakwazi ukuthola e nakho ngqo. ukucabanga Modern, ikhono ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi asingathe imiqondo abstract, sekudlule ibanga elide kumiswa. Ukucabanga zibukeke-ngempumelelo - ungowokuqala zofuzo, esigabeni bokuqala sokuthuthuka.

nendlela abacabanga ngayo

Ubuchopho bomuntu njalo uthola nezwe futhi isingatha omningi ulwazi. Lokhu ukucutshungulwa kwenzeka sengathi lokhu ngezindlela ezimbili: ezingeni oqondile cognition sezinzwa (umuzwa kanye nombono) kanye ezingeni yokucabanga.

Kusukela elula sezinzwa bezibona ukucabanga ihlukanisa engesobala. "Umlamuleli" enqubeni ukucabanga ongakhonza izithombe (sibonwa, sokuzwa, ethintekayo, njll ...) Futhi izimpawu - amazwi nasemiqondweni ethile.

ukucabanga Visual-asebenzayo - uhlobo engavamile nqubo ephawulekayo, lapho ngokuthi "abaxhumanisi" wasebenzisa izinto zezwe ezibonakalayo. Lena umehluko yayo qualitative kwezinye izinhlobo ukucabanga. Le ndlela yokucabanga ubizwa nangokuthi sensorimotor, egcizelela ngaleyo ndlela ubuhlobo baso ezindaweni sezinzwa kanye motor.

Izinga eliphakeme yokucabanga kubhekwa e logic abstract, lomqondo, okuyinto abstract ngokwemvelo. Kodwa akukho, ngisho umuntu kakhulu ngokuhlakanipha athuthukile akusho bacabange kuphela amazwi-imiqondo. Inqubo cognition engokoqobo kumelwe afaka phakathi izithombe, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunqubo ahlanganiswa ngekwendzawo ngeso ikhono.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-the ukwazi yomuntu yesimanje njalo uxhumana ezimbili izinhlobo ukucabanga: abstract futhi ngekwendzawo ngeso ikhono. Visual-ngempumelelo, kungase kubonakale sengathi, luhlala zigwenywe. Noma-ke ayifuni ukudlala indima empilweni engokwengqondo omdala?

Izici sensorimotor ukucabanga

Okokuqala, buhlobene eduze nomsebenzi kufakwe imisebenzi ngqo izinto, ngenxa okuyinto umuntu ezingxenyeni yabo, ehlanganisa ukwakha izinto ezintsha.

Okwesibili, ukucabanga ebonwayo-asebenzayo - indlela ethile yokucabanga, kuphela kwenzeka uma manipulation izinto futhi ikuvumela ukuba wenze umqondo kuphela ezidzimeleleko. Ngokungafani naye, futhi lokuhlaziya, futhi ngokucacile-okwenyanga kukhona abstract ngokwemvelo. Bavumela umuntu ukushiya imicabango yakhe isimo lapho kuba ukwethula izinto, okwamanje non-akukho, ukuphupha kanye nemisebenzi uhlelo.

Okwesithathu, ukucabanga ebonwayo-asebenzayo - kuyinto isimo nqubo ephawulekayo. Letha abantu ngale isimo esithile ngeke. Le ndlela yokucabanga "lapha futhi manje". Kunjengokungathi kungagcini, yizinga izimo lapho kukhona umuntu.

Ifomu eminingi yasendulo ka kuvisisa umhlaba

Sensorimotor ukucabanga kwakusekhona okhokho bethu lelikhashane kakhulu. Paleopsihologi bakholelwa ukuthi badla abantu bakudala, futhi buvezwa umsebenzi engqondweni abantu emuva, ngisho ngekhulu XIX, kuyinto at the stage of umphakathi lasekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, ethnographers (M. Wertheimer, R. Thurnwald), echaza indlela yokucabanga babeyizidlova, waphawula ukuthi abakwazi abstract akhawunti. Kubo kwakubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izinto kufanele kubhekwe. Bears bungabalwa izingcezu 6 kuphela, njengoba noma ubani akakwazi ukubona zonke izilwane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kodwa izinkomo angabhekwa 60.

Yingakho ulimi kwezizwe eziningi zakudala kungekho imiqondo jikelele, kodwa kwakukhona eziningi amazwi elisho izinto eziphathekako, izenzo, uthi. K. Levy-Brühl, owayefundelwa ukucabanga bakudala, abalwa ngolimi omunye 33 Afrika izwi tribal for uhambo. Zenzo usushintshile kuye ngokuthi ashiwo ubani, kuphi, nobani nokuthi yini uya.

Ukucabanga zibukeke-ngempumelelo - lena uhlobo "predmyshlenie" ezikhona uhlobo oludala ezilwaneni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, ukutadisha ukuziphatha chimpanzee, olwenziwa wezifo German W. Koehler, bebonisa ukuthi nezinkawu labo abazokwazi enqubeni zokukhwabanisa lezinto ukuxazulula imisebenzi elula kwengqondo.

Baby ukucabanga

Iningi ngokucacile futhi ngokugqamile ibonakalisa lokhu hlobo luni lolwazi engokoqobo kungabonakala ezineminyaka engaba 3. imvuthu okunjalo ukucabanga ngokucacile-ngempumelelo - lena umdlalo. Yonke imisebenzi yabo engokwengqondo zenzeka ngesikhathi zokukhwabanisa lezinto. Basic imisebenzi yokucabanga litholakale ingane, kodwa kuphela njengenhlangano isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Nakhu izinyane abanothando uhlola endlini, elisanda kwakhiwa kusukela cubes umama. Akubalulekile zicasulwe ke, ngoba ngakho ingane ihlaziye - ukukhishwa kwengalo lonke ku izakhi ehlukile.

Khona-ke izinyane egcina amabhlogo - eqhathanisa kubo, ukukhethela izinsuku, wamshaya kusukela ngombono wakhe, ezingadingekile. Lokhu kuqhathanisa, kanye ngemva ithuba livela kanye nokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi engqondo - zamagama. Ingane iqala ukwakha, ephakamisela ezibonakala lutho ku figure efanayo.

Umklamo ukhula, ne cube ngamunye siya ngaphezulu. Kid ngesithakazelo esibheka, futhi ngesikhathi esithile uyababaza ngenjabulo: "Lona umbhoshongo! Mama, bheka, ngizuze wakha isiqongo sokulinda! ". Ukuqhathanisa isakhiwo sabo ne ekhona engqondweni yakhe, ingane wenza isiphetho yokusebenza futhi waphetha.

Lena sazi encane, kodwa ecabanga sobala-ngempumelelo namanje, nolimi kusukela into, imisebenzi "manual". Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ingane deconstructed futhi kabusha amathoyizi, ngoba umdlalo nabo ukuthuthukiswa ezibukwayo-motor ukucabanga.

Ukwakhiwa acabange izingane

Balawula izinto ezihlukahlukene, ingane ifunda ukusungula ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwabo ukwaba izinga zabo ezinkulu nezincane. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ke ugcina izithombe uma nezenzo ezenziwe bese uzisebenzisa ukuba zibhekane nezinselele ezintsha. Iqala kanjalo-ke ukwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikhono lokusungula.

Sensorimotor ukucabanga akuyona kuphela ngomqondo ovulekile, kodwa futhi ngokomzwelo. Kuyamangalisa omusha owadalwa izibambo zawo, ukucasuka isenzo kuhlulekile futhi injabulo, lapho kungenzeka ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo - konke elinothisa futhi ithuthukisa emhlabeni engaphakathi ingane.

Indima ukucabanga sensorimotor in the psyche we omdala yesimanje

Psyche womuntu ingenye, kanye indlela eyodwa ukucabanga, futhi ukwehlukanisa le nqubo ivumelane noma yiluphi uhlobo engenakwenzeka. Ngamunye wabo kubalulekile futhi uyazifeza umsebenzi.

Kodwa kaningi kufanele lokhu noma lowo muntu ubuswa uhlobo oluthile ukucabanga. Kubantu yokudala, nina baboni bemibono elinesimo ukucabanga kakhulu. Futhi zezibalo kanye zezomnotho libhekene ezingeni lelisetulu ukucabanga lomqondo.

Abantu nge predominance ka kungokoqobo-motor ukucabanga kwenzeke. They are labo babo bathi Zinezandla segolide. Iseluleki "ezivela kuNkulunkulu" ezingaba, ngaphandle kokwazi yini mayelana nezimiso okusebenzela indlela ukuthatha phakathi, lilungisiwe, zihlanganiswa futhi, ngisho ngcono inqubo emhlanganweni.

Ingabe singasho ukuthi izinhlobo abstract nelokuzitlamela okubaluleke nakakhulu yokucabanga? Visual-futhi kuyadingeka kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kube esihambisana zonke isenzo neziqinile. Ngaphandle kwayo, noma bazilungisele umshini efulethini, akukho Ukukhipha umbhede imbali engadini, noma ukuxhumanisa cap. Ngisho isobho ngaphandle kwalo ukucabanga akunakwenzeka ukushisela.

Oluvelayo ngiseyingane, sensorimotor ukucabanga namanje ezingeni bakudala, nokuthuthukisa ngendlela efanayo njengoba ezinye izinhlobo umsebenzi engqondweni yethu.