Izinhlinzeko zomthetho eziphathelene nolwazi. Ukuvikelwa kwedatha

I impumelelo intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe esigabeni samanje yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ukukhombisa emkhakheni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe impumelelo global lesintu. Enye yezinto enkulu kule ndawo, akungabazeki, kubhekwe njengento ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Internet, izinsiza kanye namakhono zazo sanda.

ngezici ezinhle nezimbi ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe emphakathini

Iqhaza omuhle ukuthuthukisa umphakathi ukwaziswa akunakuphikwa futhi kungekho kudingeka kucaciswe, kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi sonke ipumelelo intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, njengoba umthetho, kukhona zombili emihle nemibi. Futhi, udaba ehlukile kukhona imithetho zomthetho eziphathelene ulwazi.

Ngokuphathelene umphakathi ulwazi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono uhlelo lokuxhumana izixhumanisi phakathi kwabantu hhayi kuphela lithuthukise inqubo yokuthola idatha, kodwa futhi kudala izikimu entsha yokuxhumana. Kulokhu i- imingcele ezithile zomuntu siqu. Kunenkinga ekubulungeni yemfihlo ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano umphakathi ulwazi, sakhela phezu komthetho ophathelene ulwazi.

Lo mkhuba isiko mass kanye nokuthola ulwazi "amandla"

Kulo mongo kubalulekile Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwanoma yiliphi okuthiwa isiko mass - aspect usikompilo nenhlalo ngokwako edidayo. Kususelwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Toffler zezimboni, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusabalala isiko mass emphakathini Western kwekhulu XX kwakubangelwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezifana ukuthuthukiswa yokuphila yasedolobheni, ukufunda nokubhala mass, ukwanda yemithombo yezindaba, futhi ngakolunye - ukukhula ukungakhululeki ezingokwengqondo ukucindezeleka, ehambisana ne-ukwanda izinhlobo eziningi umsebenzi, kanye ekwandeni amagugu umthengi emphakathini.

Ngakho, isiko ethandwa usufinyelela ileveli entsha inhlangano, ukuthola ulwazi olusha, kokuba ulwazi olusha ukunikeza ukufinyelela enkulu ukuba ngezisetshenziswa namathuba emphakathini. Empeleni, uquqaba ukufinyelela izinsiza ayengama ilungelo elite emphakathini. Ngakho, lapho usukwazi ukudlala kahle izinsiza yalolu hlobo, isiko ezithandwayo, futhi uthola uhulumeni omusha, nomunye izimo ebaluleke kakhulu amandla iba ophethe ulwazi olufanele, kanye nolwazi nokuvikeleka.

Mobility nokufinyeleleka

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikali futhi ukuhamba labo idatha, okuyinto okwamanje ungumnikazi (futhi kungase ubamba) umthengi mass, kuphezulu kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukuvikelwa kolwazi kukhona enganele namuhla. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukutholakala kolwazi enjalo angase angasheshi njalo ingasetshenziswa zinezinhloso ezinhle. Ngeshwa, isiko zezenhlalo nesimilo lamadolobha esimanjemanje Imininingwane umthengi sikude kakhulu nokuphelela. Kule ndaba, ngokucijile kuphakamisa umbuzo nje kuphela ukuthi kungenzeka yokuthola idatha, kodwa futhi mayelana nemikhawulo kanye nobumfihlo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ukutholakala umuntu kwephula amalungelo ubumfihlo kanye kuyizipho kubalulekile zomthetho eziphathelene ulwazi.

Inkinga ubumfihlo idatha emphakathini wanamuhla

Esinye sezimo ukunakekela ubumfihlo isikhala ulwazi empahla - komculo ngomthetho ilungelo empahla kanye nokuthuthukiswa izindlela zokuvikeleka ulwazi.

Ngokusho sihloko 1228 Code Civil, nombhali yi womsebenzi bokusungula iyona isakhamuzi by umsebenzi kabani zokudala wadala miphumela. Intellectual impahla umthetho ukuthembela imithetho zomthetho eziphathelene ulwazi usethe abalobi ayitholwa ukusebenzisa imiphumela yomsebenzi nabanengqondo futhi zokudala ngokubona kwayo futhi ukuvumela noma ukunqabela ukusetshenziswa sabo ukuze basize abanye.

Isigaba se-copyright

Futhi, empahla kuhlanganisa amalungelo ihlobene ne-copyright. Phakathi kwabo - amalungelo abadlali ukusebenza, abakhiqizi phonogram, noma izinhlangano ikhebula yezokusakaza, abashicileli, abakhiqizi egciniwe, patent, izinhlobo ezahlukene imiklamo zezimboni, ama-utility models, amagama akho okuhweba, izimpawu zokuhweba, izimpawu, ama-service mark.

udaba bukhoma

Okwamanje, le nkinga okukhulu ukudunwa kolwazi ngenxa yokuthi yokuvikela idatha, inqobo ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje ulwazi nobuchwepheshe, kungeke kwanikezwa ngokugcwele. Udaba nzima hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba isofthiwe, esihlinzeka amathuba elanele networking ukuphanga. eyinkimbinkimbi ngamunye ukungabi nenqubo ecacile sokunquma umthetho ngokuvikelwa kokwaziswa. Phakathi izinhlobo ukusetshenziswa emthethweni kwe-software kungathiwa yokufuna emthethweni futhi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ulwazi. Act Data Protection nokuthi, nomunye mayelana njengenhlangano ukwephula i-copyright.

yokufuna emthethweni

- Softlifting ( "ukweba buthule") - yokufuna ikhophi ilayisensi ye-software futhi ayifake kuyi-computer amaningi yephula imigomo yesivumelwano ilayisensi.

- Unlimited Client Ukufinyelela - ukuthenga inhlangano ilayisensi isofthiwe ukufakwa kumakhompyutha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (noma ukufakwa kuseva inani elilinganiselwe amaklayenti inethiwekhi yenkampani), kodwa ukufakwa langempela iseva kanye nokuvula ukufinyelela yenkampani kuso abasebenzisi ezingaphezu kuka kwilayisensi sivumelwano.

Distribution Software

- ukudunwa Inthanethi - ibeka ezinye imikhiqizo yesofthiwe ku-intanethi (ukuze noma yimuphi umsebenzisi we web unekhono ukulanda noma ukopishe isofthiwe), kanye nokufinyelela ivulekele isofthiwe pirated (noma ukudayiswa ebanzi endaweni inethiwekhi).

- Manga noma mbumbulu - inikezwa yi ukuzandisa ikhophi emthethweni zesofthiwe ezinelayisensi (kuleli cala ikhophi efana yelayisensi ikhishwa futhi ogunyaziwe).

- ukukopisha emthethweni isofthiwe kwimidiya yangaphandle (amadiski, memory card) ukusatshalaliswa (noma ethengisa), kodwa kulokhu ikhophi ngeke ikhishwe ukuze original.

- Kopisha nokudayiswa izingxenye software ukuqaliswa yabo letitako ihadiwe (noma izikhwebu nezinye izinhlelo).

- Sales-computer abo siqu efakwe isofthiwe ezingekho emthethweni.

- Ukusetshenziswa isofthiwe okungezona zokuhweba izizathu zentengiso. isofthiwe Ngokusobala othengwe ilayisense zemfundo noma ilayisensi nge ukusetshenziswa elinganiselwe commercial (kuleli cala wephule imibandela yelayisensi). Kuleli ukwesekwa, aqondiswa ku izikhungo zemfundo, njengoba umthetho, izaphulelo ezikhethekile.

- Factory ukudunwa - ukudayiswa washonaphi izinsalela futhi "ukushabalalisa" siphela okukhipha sitshalo. Lolu hlobo ukudunwa kwenzeka lapho isitshalo ukhiqiza inombolo enkulu amakhophi umkhiqizo, kuka wayenalo ilungelo (noma esimweni zokucisha izinsalela maphilisi). imikhiqizo enjalo babhekwa ithengiswe kamuva ngokungemthetho.

isisekelo esingokomthetho technical yokuvikela idatha

ivikela lobuchwepheshe kolwazi esekelwe iziqondiso ezilandelayo:

- "Ukuvikeleka ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuya ulwazi nezincazelo imigomo.". Usihlalo isinqumo Russian State Technical Commission (30.03.1992).

- "Automated Systems Technology Imininingwane Ukuvikelwa uma ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuya i ngezigaba uhlelo ezenzakalelayo nezimfuneko ulwazi lokuphepha ..." Usihlalo isinqumo Russian State Technical Commission (30.03.1992).

- "imishini Ikhompyutha firewalls Vikela ngokumelene okungagunyaziwe Ukuvikelwa ukufinyelela izinkomba ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ezinhlelweni Imininingwane ...." Usihlalo isinqumo Russian State Technical Commission (25.07.1997).

- "Ukuvikelwa kohlelo ukwaziswa okuhlobene ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuya amathuluzi software kolwazi yezokuphepha ngezigaba ezingeni ukulawula ukungabikho izici engamenyezelwe ..." Usihlalo isinqumo Russian State Technical Commission (04.06.1999).

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ivikela lobuchwepheshe kolwazi manje ayiqondakali semthethweni msebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, lo somabhizinisi ayinakho izindlela esisemthethweni ukuxazulula namuhla.

Ngokucacile ukuthi yibuphi ubunzima ukuhlela ukuvikelwa lobuchwepheshe

- Inombolo enkulu izici ukuthi nomthelela ukwakhiwa ngempumelelo ulwazi lwezokuphepha.

- Ubunzima liqine ngqo idatha nokokufaka kokuqala.

- Ubunzima izindlela zezibalo ukuthola imiphumela elikhulu idatha okokufaka ekuhlanganisweni.

incazelo nomqondo inkinga empahla

Wawuyoma ngumthetho umthetho kolwazi nabanengqondo amalungelo kungenzeka ngokwanele isebenze. Ngaphezu ukukhwabanisa aphansi kunezimo ezithile lapho isixazululo lokulondolozwa lelilungelo ngokugcwele akunakwenzeka ngenxa emagama ayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, enye yezinkinga eziyinkinga ukuthi ukunquma izindinganiso zomthetho ukuze kuvikeleke imininingwane kuyinto reverse izimiso zokuhle software ubunjiniyela (uhlelo ukuguqulwa, ethola okhiye, ukusetshenziswa algorithm netangaphandle, kanye neminye imininingwane eyimfihlo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-software reverse zobunjiniyela ukhonza njengomdala ithuluzi eliwusizo ezemfundo, ngakolunye - kuthathwa ngokuthi ukwephula i-copyright ukuze ikhodi isofthiwe. Kuze kube manje, akukho lwazi mayelana imizamo yokuzibonakalisa enkantolo ukuba semthethweni kushushiswa zobunjiniyela reverse. Lezi zimpi engasonjululwa ezinkantolo, futhi njengoba nje isimo asishintshi, impikiswano mayelana semthethweni nasezimisweni zokuziphatha ukuthuthukiswa software impendulo izoqhubeka.