Izindlela ukunquma Ayzenka Ubumnene. Incazelo, ukuhumusha imiphumela

Wonke umuntu oye wezwa kuBaba futhi mayelana nezinhlobo Ubumnene, ezifana sanguine, choleric, melancholic futhi phlegmatic. Abaningi ngisho wathatha ukuhlolwa ukucacisa Ubumnene yabo. Eysenck ndlela ivumela ukuhlonza izindawo isegazini womuntu ezinomthelela konke ukuphila kwakhe. Njalo uzibuze ukuthi yini eshukumisela izenzo zakhe, imizwa nemizwelo. Eysenck, usebenzisa izinto amandulela eziningi, Ngazakhela test ukuthi kungacacisa ukuthi onjani libhekisela Ubumnene.

Uma uphendula imibuzo yesivivinyo, siyisebenzele ngokwethembeka futhi ngokuqondile, le ndlela kwembula Imiphumela ngokumangalisayo eyiqiniso, okuyinto kuphela anda kwayo emphakathini wonke. Wayengumuntu onjani idale nalolu vivinyo? Yini kwamholela ekufuneni ukwazi into eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ingqondo yomuntu? Ukuze uqonde lo mbuzo, kumelwe sibheke ku esidlule, ukuze sifunde ngokuphila kanzima kodwa okujabulisayo uSolwazi Eysenck.

biography

Hans Eysenck wazalwa ngo-1916 e-Berlin. Umndeni wazalwa isazi omkhulu, eyayingavamile impela - uyise izinkanyezi ku-movie amahlaya, akhe mame was actress odumile amafilimu buthule. Ngokwemvelo, abazali bafuna unamathisele indodana yakhe umsebenzi wakhe ophezulu, ngisho eyasiza Eysenck kancane indima yayo kuqala ifilimu. Kodwa abasha Hans wayengafuni ukuba abe kumdlali, ke bakhangwa expanses enkulukazi umcabango ngokwesayensi.

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme Eysenck langena Berlin University ukufunda nefilosofi khona. Nokho, akazange ukusekela imibono lwamaNazi, ngaleso sikhathi owayese endaweni ezikhulayo izinhliziyo German.

Ngakho-ke uHans baxabana njalo nabanye abafundi, okwadala isimo esibi sokuthuthukiswa isayensi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhundla umndeni Eysenck yaba ngaphezulu futhi engenamali xaxa, ngoba uyise wayengumJuda, eyayilungiselela amashwa eJalimane lobuNazi.

Zonke lezi zici ziye zaphoqa umndeni ukuthuthela France Eysenck. Nokho, lapho bafike bahlala khona isikhathi esifushane, nje unyaka, ngesikhathi lapho Hans wafunda izincwadi kanye nomlando. Khona-ke ubuhlakani ikusasa Psychology, umkhaya wathuthela eNgilandi, lapho yahlala khona. Eysenck wabe esengena University of London ngo uMnyango Psychology, kusukela nezidingo emnyangweni physics lalilikhulu kakhulu. Ngo-1940, nama- Ayzenk iziqu zobudokotela kwengqondo.

umsebenzi

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, Dr. Eysenck wasebenza esibhedlela ukuze kulungiswe amasosha abaye bathola okuthile engqondweni empini. Kube yayingekhona nje ukusiza iziguli, kodwa futhi ukuhlola phezu kwabo, sicela eziningi imibuzo mayelana nakho kwawo kwangaphakathi. Ngemva kwempi, Hans wasungula umnyango wezokusebenza kwengqondo e-London Institute of Psychiatry. Yaba indawo yakhe unomphela nkonzo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Ingabe akuyena wonke umuntu ethanda udokotela engavamile of kwengqondo, eminye yemisebenzi yakhe kubange ukungathandi frank kubantu. Yiqiniso, uvivinye ukukhalipha, self-ukuxilongwa indlela uthi engqondo Eysenck kanye Ubumnene test yakhe edumile kwakuqala ukwanda emhlabeni wonke. Wonke umuntu efuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nawe bese uqiniseke ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kwakhe yinto kunolunye.

Kodwa akubona bonke izifundo Hans Eysenck asewile engqondweni yomphakathi. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe Bamedelela zobandlululo. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi lapho usosayensi othile wabhala ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kunqunywa yizakhi zofuzo, futhi abantu abamnyama ngokwesilinganiso amaphuzu 15 ngaphansana yabelungu. wesayensi eziningi ezifana kubafundi bezinkanyezi noma kwabasebenzelana eugenics, ethandwa e-Third Reich, bejeziswa khona ngudokotela wezengqondo. Umqondo ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane superman wayebuye eduze Eysenck, okuyinto kusobala ukuthi wayenomuzwa ezincwadini zakhe.

Hans ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi ukugxekwa futhi sihlasela izinhlangano olukhulu ngakwesokunxele. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, wamane wazithulela aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe, indiva ngokuphelele ababeshisekela. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe, ezifana Eysenck indlela ubuntu efanelwe udumo omkhulu futhi baletha emhlabeni wonke udumo lwaphakade kuMdali wawo. Washona sokusebenza kwengqondo okukhulu ngo-1997 nokushicilela msebenzi omkhulukazi elisetshenziswa Psychology kuze kube yilolu suku. Ezixutshiwe idumela Hans Eysenck ayikwazanga eclipse impumelelo yayo enkulu emkhakheni wezokusebenza kwengqondo.

Indlela yokunquma Ubumnene Ayzenka

Test ukunquma Ubumnene kusekelwe ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi isimiso sezinzwa somzimba womuntu libhekene ezinye izimfanelo isegazini ukuthi nomthelela kakhulu ukwakheka ubuntu. A indima enkulu ekwenzeni lesi sivivinyo kudlalwa ucwaningo Pavlov sika. Nama- Ayzenk wasikisela ukuba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu umuntu abe ezinye zezici esiqine ukuthi akhonjwe izinhlobo ezimbili - extraversion futhi introversion, neuroticism nokuzinza. Kuyinto inhlanganisela lezi zici yakha Ubumnene womuntu.

Izindlela ukutadisha Ubumnene Eysenck wathola ukuthi inhlanganisela introversion nokuzinza kudala ezolile, okunokuthula nomusa ube nokunakekela, kodwa umuntu azithele ngabandayo. Kodwa uma introversion kuhlangene neuroticism, umphumela uba ngonya, silahle ithemba, abantu ezisolisayo abaphethwe njalo lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwa. Inhlanganisela ye-extrovert nokuzinza kwenza umuntu okahle, bejabule, friendly, endows ngayo kakhulu izimfanelo ubuholi. Kodwa uma kuhlangene neuroticism extraversion, kuvela nolaka, engazinzile, abasengozini engacabanganga ubuntu.

Yini ebonisa Ubumnene

Eysenck amasu ukunquma Ubumnene kuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwemibuzo zihlose ukuthola main izimfanelo womuntu ubuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye yemibuzo yakhelwe ukuba embule extraversion noma introversion ubuntu. Enye ingxenye kubo kudingeka sithole ukuzinza ngokomzwelo, futhi abanye enzelwe kuphela sokuhlola ubuqotho sokubona ukuthi ukunemba imiphumela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo isivivinyo, ukuze bakwazi ukufeza kabusha test, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi into cwaningo ukukhumbula izimpendulo zabo zangaphambili.

Ukuhunyushwa isivivinyo ilula ngokwanele ukuze wonke umuntu ubambe eyakhe. Izindlela ukuxilongwa Ubumnene Eysenck kusikisela ukuthi kukhona abathile Ukudidiyela indiza, uhla ovundlile okungukuthi "extrovert-umnyewu," kusho amaphuzu akhe ingqikithi izimpendulo zemibuzo yakhelwe ukucacisa extraversion. Eminye yemibuzo ukunikeza amaphuzu impendulo "yebo", abanye - ". Kungekho" impendulo Esikalini iqala kusukela 1 luphele amaphuzu 24, ngokulandelana, liyisikhungo 12. Lesi silinganiso esifanayo neurotism mpo inquma ubuntu.

Ngokubala amaphuzu futhi wadwebele indiza bazihlela ngokubambisana, uthola iphuzu, okuzokwenza ube njani ubuntu bakho. Leli phuzu itholakala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo izixhumanisi ezimbili. Khumbula ukuthi kuhlangabezanwe uhlobo Ubumnene injalo emsulwa akunakwenzeka, ngamunye zikhona izici zonke izinhlobo ezine. Nokho, ezinye zazo kuyoba evelele. Kuyinto ukuhlonza uhlobo abungafaniko luba wadala le ndlela. uhlobo Ubumnene Eysenck is hhayi uthenge izinga akunakwenzeka ngakho ukushintsha ngokuphelele ubuntu evelele, ungakwazi alulaze ngayo ukulungisa okuncane ukuze izimo zokuphila.

Eysenck amasu - sokuzihlola komfundi we isimo sengqondo

Kutihlola nekuhlolana yokuhlola yama-isimo sengqondo wadala ukuze bakwazi ukuthola kangaki isihloko iwela uthi ezithile engqondweni. Kulesi test, khona amaqembu 4 imibuzo, 10 ngamunye. Uma isimo iphawulwa umbuzo, kukhona ngokuvamile, ukubeka 2 amaphuzu, uma ngezinye izikhathi - 1 iphuzu. Uma ematfuba isimo okunjalo akunakwenzeka ke nanku umbuzo zenani 0 amaphuzu.

Lokhu test likuvumela ukuba uzazi kangcono, ngaphandle asebenzise third-party usizo kubantu. Ingakusiza ukuthola lokho udinga ukushintsha kobuntu ukuze ukuphila ivumelane ngaphezulu. Le ndlela ethandwa kakhulu Eysenck. izimo kwengqondo elichazwa kulo akunakugwenywa ngokuphelele, kodwa empeleni uwafake ukuze ube olinganiselayo, ojabula kakhulu.

ukuhumusha imiphumela

Iqembu lokuqala imibuzo yakhelwe ukuhlola umuntu ukudala ukukhathazeka. Score kuka-0 no-7 - uphawu ukukhathazeka ongaphakeme, umuntu imiphumela enjalo kuyinto ukuphila okuzolile ejabulela. Kusukela amaphuzu 8 kuya ku-14 - ezingeni isilinganiso ukukhathazeka, abantu abaningi uvumelane ncamashi kulo mkhakha. amaphuzu 15 noma ngaphezulu ibonisa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu nokukhathazeka, iyisiginali ukuze ukhombise ukuthi sekuyisikhathi ukuthatha isinyathelo ukubuyisela nempilo yengqondo.

Iqembu imibuzo yesibili icacisa ezingeni wokukhungatheka isivivinyo. Uma umuntu kukora kusuka amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-7 kuleli qembu imibuzo, ukuzethemba kwakhe kuphezulu, ukwehluleka nobunzima asesabi ke. 8-14 amaphuzu - ezingeni evamile, ukukhungatheka ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa hhayi kakhulu ngokuvamile. 15 amaphuzu - a nokukhungatheka okungapheli kubangelwa ukuzenyeza nokungaqiniseki ezadala umonakalo ngo amabutho. Abantu kuleli zinga ukukhungatheka bagweme izinkinga, ngisho ukwehluleka encane okwaziyo ukukhulula buhlungu yiqembu ukuthula kwabo kwengqondo.

Imibuzo iqembu lesithathu ukucacisa ulaka isivivinyo. Uma inqubo self-Eysenck imibukiso esuka amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-7 kuleli qembu imibuzo, kuyisibonakaliso lomuntu ezolile futhi olinganiselayo. Kusukela amaphuzu 8 kuya ku-14 - sezingeni elamukelekile ubudlova, abantu abaningi awela kuleli qembu. Ulaka senzeka, kepha kuphela kwenzeka nganoma yisiphi isizathu, futhi ngokwengxenye kulawulwa indoda. Uma isihloko buthola amaphuzu ezingaphezu kuka-15 eqenjini lesithathu lwezindaba, kusobala ukuthi azizwa ngayo intukuthelo nobudlova izinkinga kungadala izinkinga ezingathi sína e nokuxhumana nabantu.

Iqembu lokugcina imibuzo ihlola umuntu ukuqina. Uma amaphuzu amaphuzu - 0-7 ke isivivinyo kulula ukubekezelela ushintsho, ukushintsha izwe ngaphandle inkinga ngaphansi kwethonya amaphuzu anamandla, ngokushesha ukujwayela indawo entsha. 8-14 amaphuzu - amazinga evamile rigidity, umuntu akulula ukujwayela ukushintsha, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo kungenzeka. amaphuzu 15 kuya ku-20 - a enamandla kakhulu rigidity, ukungakwazi beshintsha izinkolelo zabo ngisho ngaphansi kwethonya amaqiniso obungenakuphikwa, izinguquko emsebenzini noma emndenini ukucindezeleka kuyindaba engathí sina kangaka indikindiki kahle le ndaba.

Test intelligence

Mhlawumbe indlela ethandwa kakhulu Eysenck - uvivinye ukukhalipha, noma IQ. Isetshenziselwa yonke indawo kusukela reception ukusebenza futhi ukukhulula ukuhlolwa intanethi. I IQ Isilinganiso kubanga eliphakathi amaphuzu 100 120. Isihloko othola ezingaphezu kuka-130 amaphuzu, has namakhono avelele ngokwengqondo. Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa amaphuzu ezingaphezu kuka-150, ke kuwuphawu olucacile of genius.

Imibuzo kule Eysenck test eyenzelwe abantu abasukela eminyakeni engama-18 ubudala asebeqedile emfundo secondary. Badinga ukuxazulula izinkinga asidingi yimuphi oluqondile, kodwa ivivinya likhono lekucabanga ngalokuhlelekile kuphela. Ngakho-ke IQ test afanelekile ngabo bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sifunde kanye ubungcweti. Lena indlela ezivame kakhulu Eysenck. Intelligence - enye yezimfanelo eziyinhloko ezidingekayo ukuze siphile ezweni lanamuhla, ukukhula kwawo kanye nesilinganiso kubaluleke kakhulu isintu.

Injani test IQ

On uvivinyo kunikezwa imizuzu engu-30. Udinga ukuphendula imibuzo 40 phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Uma umbuzo kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi, ungeqa futhi uqhubekele esilandelayo ukuze wonge isikhathi esithile. Njengoba kuboniswe, eminye yemibuzo silula, kuyilapho ezinye ziba injected ibe stupor, iyavuleka sikhathi ukuhlolwa, ukunciphisa umphumela. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe kahle ukuphatha isikhathi Abayi hung up on unemibuzo, bangakwazi ubuye ngemva kwesikhashana.

Lokhu yokuhlola ayifani, isibonelo, indlela yesimo senhliziyo Eysenck sika, ngoba lapha yonke imibuzo kuzobalwa kuphela inikezwe imizuzu engu-30, okuyinto akuvumeli umuntu othola ukuhlolwa, uphumule, ugcina kuye ingaqiniseki. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi le ndlela yokukala intelligence iyiqiniso, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi wona kuphela ikhombisa likhono lekucabanga ngalokuhlelekile. Noma ngabe yikuphi, okunye kule test alikafiki up, kusale Eysenck esinakho nesilinganiso ezingqondweni zabantu.

Ingabe kufanele ngikukholelwe ngemva kokubhala isivivinyo?

Nama- Ayzenk uye kwavivinya abaningi kakhulu, evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emphakathini wethu. Nokho, akufanele bathembele kubo, ngoba umqondo womuntu - yehlathi eliminyene. Ososayensi baye ngokulambisa wabheka ubuso bakhe, kepha ingqondo ukujula namanje akwaziwa ukuthi waphelelaphi.

Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuhlolwa Eysenck bayakwazi ukuthola indawo okuphula sina kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzwelo noma bokusungula. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu uthola amaphuzu esingaphansi 80 e IQ ukuhlolwa, has ngokucacile izinkinga ne sokukhula kwengqondo.

Imiphumela Eysenck indlela nakho kungaba isikhathi nokubika engavamile sína umsebenzi ingqondo. Ngakho, bekhubazekile noma izinkinga ezincane othukuswe ingqondo enganakile, kunzima evulekile kuwe esebenzisa isivivinyo Eysenck, kodwa uma uphendula imibuzo ngokwethembeka, ulwazi etholakale ngenxa yalokho, nakanjani bukwenze uzibuze. indlela ngamunye Eysenck - umphumela umsebenzi onzima futhi ucwaningo oluningana. Ukwakha amanye ukuhlolwa imisebenzi yongqondongqondo basendulo Hans-ephefumulelwe. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini lo izifundo usosayensi emangalisayo kufanele I. P. Pavlová, naye wenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile isayensi.

Ngingalutholaphi ukuhlolwa Eysenck?

I-Internet iye wadala lenqwaba kumasayithi lapho ungafunda zonke mayelana ukuhlolwa, ngisho babanike inthanethi. I-World Wide Web uvezwa ngamunye indlela Eysenck, incazelo, imibuzo nezindlela ukubala amaphuzu - konke ukunikela amasayithi eminingi ezinikele kwengqondo. Zonke izinhlobo izikhungo zomphakathi nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo futhi ukulungele ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa "bukhoma". Nokho, kungenzeka, ngeke kusho ukulahlekelwa imali.

Enye into - ukuhlola online. Lapha sizonikeza esisizayo ezidlulisela kuqoqwe futhi izochaza ukuthi yilokho. Noma ubani ongafuni ukuba ihlolwe online, kungenzeka ukuthi bakuthola imibuzo kanye nezindlela ekubalweni amaphuzu ukubala imiphumela yabo. Uzodinga ephepheni bese usiba noma ipensela.

Yiqiniso, thatha indawo noma cha ukuhlolwa Eysenck - kuyindaba yangasese, ngaphandle uma kudingwa ngumqashi. Kodwa uma une isikhathi esincane spare, esikhundleni kokuchitha ke kwezokuzijabulisa nokubi imikhuba, ungathola ukwazi uhlamvu yakho, ukuhlola amandla nobuthakathaka self. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa isu ephumelela kunazo ukuphila, ukusebenzisa amakhono abo kanye nekhava ubungozi.

indlela ngamunye Eysenck - isithelo iminyaka yakhe eminingi emsebenzini. Lokhu usosayensi engavamile babekholelwa ukuthi umqondo womuntu kuyinto engenakulinganiswa. Konke ukuphila kwakhe kwakugcwele yilo nokholo olungantengantengi amathuba angenamkhawulo of kwengqondo, kwaba ophawulekayo. Kunengi ngange 84 sencwadi ethi lalotshwa Hans Eysenck, imisebenzi yakhe ugqozi wabahloli oshisekayo besikhathi sethu, futhi ukuhlolwa sokusebenza kwengqondo ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke futhi kahle kungase kutholakale. Ungaphuthelwa ithuba uthinte izwe lakhe elingaphakathi, iphumelele ekuhlolweni Eysenck, futhi mhlawumbe lokhu kungashintsha impilo yakho yonke.