Izindlela ngamazwi yokukhuluma. Allegory, indida, ihaba

isiRashiya - omunye ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi elicebe kakhulu ezweni, ekuthuthukeni kwayo ekhululekile nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Elithile kanye esiyingqayizivele inkulumo imizwelo umbhalo unamathisele izindlela ezihlukahlukene yokukhuluma asetshenziswe yekubhala imisebenzi. Zibhaleni phansi ngempela ebanzi.

izindlela ngamazwi yokukhuluma kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi umqondo ofanayo kungenziwa okwethulwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ummemezeli ithelevishini uthi kanje: "Namuhla, esifundeni waphawula kwezulu uchichima ifomu kweqhwa, ephelezelwa umoya esindayo." Futhi izintokazi ezimbili ubudala aphuza itiye ekhishini, engxoxweni ingadonsa lomusho elandelayo: "Yebo, into efana iqhwa wanqwabelanisa! Futhi Vetrishche - indlela phansi sidilize "Ezincwadini, lesi simanga zingachazwa kanje:" Snow ishq nolunya bhakabhaka, efana uphaphe kusukela ezihlalweni evulekile waklebhula, uyithola ishanelwe yimimoya enamandla futhi emigodini omkhulu omhlophe uzifihlile abalangazelela kuye emhlabeni morzluyu ... " . Umdwebo kuchazwe ngezindlela eziningi, cishe okufanayo, kodwa isisebenzi ngasinye ezahlukeneyo zihluke umphumela nomunye futhi ezahlukene ku enganakile womuntu. Zonke izindlela yokukhuluma imiva yelulwimi ngandlela-thile kusekelwe embonweni associative kombhalo. Ufuna izitatimende ethulwa, umfundi abantu abenza ukubonakaliswa. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa izici izinhlamvu, ukudala umbala abalobi ezithile ematheksthi etemibhalo babesebenzisa nezitayela ezihlukahlukene.

izindlela Ifonetiki yokukhuluma

Ukuze nethonya elikhulu kakhulu umcabango umuntu noma umfundi, umbukeli noma Umlaleli, wasebenzisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. izindlela ngamazwi yokukhuluma ngokoqobo igcwale wonke amazinga olimi. Bona kungabonwa kokubili amafonethiki kanye miyalelo, okwenza ukuqonda inhloso yombhali okujule nakakhulu futhi olubanzi. izindlela Ifonetiki yokukhuluma yokukhuluma ingenye yezindlela ezinamandla kwethonya inkulumo. Umuzwa isithombe umsindo izwi lwenzeka ezingeni esesimweni sokungaphili ngokuphelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izifiso yomuntu. Yingakho imibhalo asankondlo kakhulu esekelwe ukusetshenziswa umsindo kusho yokukhuluma. Njengoba isibonelo, isiphakamiso ezinjalo, "rustled amaqabunga, sengiprofethile zabo, ngokusobala, baya kuyo yonke indawo." Lapha, ukusetshenziswa amaningi umsindo "sh" ethi kwakubonakala ukudala sihambisana umcabango isithombe uyalingana.

sifanamsindvo

Ifonetiki inkulumo ekhululekile anezinye kokuhlukana. Yande kuyaphikisana izindlela njengoba sifanamsindvo, sifanankhamisa. Zisekelwe ukuphindaphindwa embhalweni we noma okufanayo yiziphi izici ifonotiki imisindo - ne sifanamsindvo of ongwaqa kanye onkamisa nge nesifanankhamisa. A yesiteleka isibonelo sifanankhamisa kuyinto inkulumo ethi "Isiphepho rattles, rumbles wokuduma," kufunde lokho, abantu ngokungazi kubangela phambi isithombe ezicacile zendlela yequbula umbani.

sifanankhamisa

Kancane Abalobi kancane futhi izimbongi aphindaphindwe onkamisa. Ngokwesibonelo, sifanankhamisa uvezwa isiphakamiso, "Zonke kwaba ensimini flat" - ukuphinda umsindo "ku" kwenza ukuthi umuntu enwetshiwe, isikhala-latitude.

Anaphora, epiphora e ematheksthi etemibhalo

Yenzelwe nezinye izifenqo ukuthi ukukhonza ukunikeza umbhalo bazwakale. Ngokwesibonelo, amasu ezingavamile anaphora futhi epiphora. Ziyakwazi okuhlukile ukuphindaphindwa efanayo imisindo, amagama noma amaqembu amazwi ekuqaleni (anaphora) noma ukuphela (epiphora) ngayinye parallel self-enkulumweni ingxenye. "Lena - into yomuntu ukukwenza! Lena - isenzo lo muntu! "- umjovo, anda ne ukuphindaphinda ngamunye kugujwe anaphora. Epiphora ngokuvamile zingatholakala ekupheleni izigaba asankondlo ngendlela ukuphindaphinda imishwana ethile noma imisho lonke. Kodwa-ke kungaba kubhekwe ku isibonelo iziphakamiso olulodwa prosaic: "Konke egumbini emnyama: kwezindonga abamnyama, umata phansi wayebuye abamnyama, ukukhanyisa - black ngisho elinemishwe baphonswa omnyama. embhedeni kuphela kwakuhlanzekile ezimhlophe, udala Ngokuphambene obucacile design. "

Ulimi kusho inkulumo ngamazwi: allegory

Ngo isitayela isiRashiya kukhona ezihlukahlukene tropes noma izifenqo. Umthombo oyinhloko yokukhuluma lamagama. Ngosizo lwawo, waqaphela kakhulu imibono yombhali embhalweni. Ngokwesibonelo, kungukufanekisa - uhlobo ukudluliswa emagugu nobe tindlela lekutsatfwa izici into kwenye into, umfanekiso imiqondo abstract ngokusebenzisa isithombe ukhonkolo. Ukuze sichaze okushiwo umfanekiso, kungenzeka iphendukele ukucabangela yendabuko izibonelo: ilanga - uphawu nemfudumalo, umusa; umoya - uphawu inkululeko, khulula-ukucabanga, impermanence. Ngakho ngokuvamile lesi simiso umbuzo isetshenziselwa ukuchaza abantu. "O, impungushe zobuqili!" - inkulumo ngothile ihlaya. Noma ungasho ngisho ngobuntu impermanent ngale ndlela: ". Uhlobo yakhe blustery, ome njengeqanda" Ngakho, umbuzo kuyini kungukufanekisa, kufanele ubheke lokhu kufanekisa yezihloko ukuqhathanisa ku izinga.

Allegory ngemifanekiso, inganekwane, izinganekwane

fabulist Emangazayo Krylov kunikeza isithombe esinemibala ukusetshenziswa le reception. Lapho empeleni owalandela Aesop. Kuyinto emisebenzini yakhe, izikhonzi eziningi izinganekwane Russian zakudala athathwa. Phela, bonke abantu bazi ukuthi bathini mayelana inkawu, ulinganisa izibuko ngaleso umsila, umlobi ukhuluma engenalwazi, le ndoda eyayivame ubheke bonke ubuso, ukuze nahlulela ngokubhuduzela, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngencazelo yawo. Ukuze bezibona womntwana yezinganekwane best yiziphi izilwane heroes. Isibonelo sabo encane ifunda imithetho eziyisisekelo zokuphila: siyakwamukela ngokuphindwe ngekhulu, slut, ungumqambimanga futhi avilaphe bazojeziswa, awukwazi behleka ubuhlungu babanye, njll inganekwane esifushane noma kuyinganekwane okusikhumbuza ukuphuza toast isitayela zaseCaucasia, ekupheleni ukuthi nokuziphatha isuselwe emva sipho .. baphuze "Ukuze ...".

Allegory of izinkondlo lyrical iculo

A izinkondlo emangalisayo Lermontov mayelana useyili enesizungu, egijima kwi amagagasi? Phela, umfundi idwetshwa isimo lapho ukubacabangela engqondweni ubuntu udlubulunda, okuyinto akekho oqonda kuye ezweni lanamuhla. Kuze kube manje, abadala like abaningi Folk songs lapho izibonelo engokomfanekiso izitshalo - izimbali, izihlahla - ukuchaza ubudlelwane babantu. "Yini emi, zize zithonye, Rowan mncane?" - lihlabelela intombazane edabukisayo ngubani izizwa inesizungu kakhulu, ufuna ukujoyina isiphetho sabo nendoda ethembekile, kodwa ngasizathu simbe Ngeke ukwazi ukwenza lokhu ...

Litotes, ihaba

Ulimi kusho inkulumo inkulumo eyethulwe nezinye izindlela. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona okwengeziwe nalabo izibalo eziphikisanayo njengoba ihaba, litotes. IsiRashiya has a ezahlukene zalokhu izimfanelo kancane kancane yokukhuluma. Lezi zindlela umelele kweswela ubuciko (litotes), futhi ihaba (ihaba). isiRashiya kuba sibonga okukhanya eziqanjiwe kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, impahla ezifana amandla zomzimba womuntu, ungaboniswa njengoba uhlangothi eyayenziwe understated ( "okhalweni ububanzi Intamo ibhodlela" - litotes), futhi kusukela ihaba ( "ubukhulu emahlombe emnyango" - ihaba). isiRashiya ngisho inama inkulumo ngamandla lolu hlobo: umuvi okhalweni, uphakeme njengesakhiwo imayela of Kolomna.

Bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika emisebenzini yobuciko

Ukusebenzisa umbhalo bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika ithuthukisa yayo ngokomzwelo futhi ekhululekile. Amagama wokufihla noma zahlukene, ezihlukahlukene umsebenzi, kwembule umqondo kombhali ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Yonke enye into, bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika lula bezibona umbhalo, njengoba acacise incazelo izinto ezithile semantic. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo wenkhulumo nalokubhaliwe kufanele wasondela ngokuqapha, njengoba bomcondvofana silulumagama ulahlekelwe abasondelana amagugu esimweni esithile, kanye nomongo kungukuthi ngempela bahlukene antonymous e eziyisisekelo yayo elisho. Ngokwesibonelo, Isiphawulo esithi "fresh" futhi "lidala" e ukusetshenziswa ibizo elithi "isinkwa" kukhona bomcondvophika. Kodwa uma sikhuluma umoya, antonym kuya Isiphawulo esithi "fresh" kuyizwi "efudumele".

Indida enkulu e yebuciko

A kubaluleke kakhulu esebenzisa kwezobuciko Inkulumo - the indida. Izibonelo izincwadi zibonisa asinazo izithombe eliphezulu yaleli su. Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky - zabuna Russian kukhona amakhosi wangempela nokusetshenziswa kombhinqo ezincwadini. Izindaba Zoshchenko namanje ngokufuna satirists yesimanje. Ezinye imishwana zabuna abaye baba enamaphiko, asetshenziswa olimini lwansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, Zoshchenko inkulumo ethi: "Thatha emuva ikhekhe lakho!" Noma "ongasinika kakhudlwana futhi okhiye efulethini lapho imali?" Ngu Ilf and Petrov ukwazi konke. Futhi yezikhalazo Madoda we amajaji, othi ngokuthi ithole iqhwa isabonakala nge yezinto ezimangaza kakhulu. Futhi le nkulumo ethi "Ubani esinazo lapha okuningi kangaka?", Ishintshwe ku ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ingane, kuba uhlamvu kuyindida, eyakhelwe ukusetshenziswa bomcondvophika. Indida ngokuvamile ekhona ngesimo Banter ngakuyena yomunye wabalingiswa futhi umlingiswa oyinhloko, ku ezixoxwa egameni lakhe. Lawa umphenyi Dari Dontsovoy nabanye, naye ukubhala kule isitayela.

Zogqinsi ezihlukahlukene silulumagama ezincwadini

Onekusasa ekhululekile ezincwadini abuzange silulumagama kwesejwayelekile - olungamukelekile, neologisms, ulimi lwesigodi, efaneleyo lomdabu. Ukusebenzisa amagama embhalweni zalezi zingxenye, ikakhulukazi inkhulumongco, isithombe bese unikeza izici elilinganisiwe izinhlamvu. uhlamvu ngalinye umsebenzi wokubhala ihlukile, futhi lezi zinto lucebe, ngokunembile nangendlela efanele upotreblonnye embule isithombe uhlamvu kusuka izinhlangothi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, saturation Romana Sholohova "Futhi epholile Flows Don" lwesigodi silulumagama kudala isimo eziyizici endaweni ethize futhi inkathi zomlando ezithile. Futhi ukusetshenziswa izinhlamvu izinkulumo amazwi eyayivame noma izinkulumo kuyinto wembula engcono izinhlamvu zawo. Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle ekhethekile silulumagama professional, echaza ukuphila ngaphandle komkhumbi. Kodwa kakade ngemisebenzi, lapho heroes, nakuba amancane, abantu wangaphambili noma becindezela kusuka esigabeni abangenamakhaya, gwema amagama anzima futhi argot noma kungenakwenzeka.

Polysyndeton njengendlela yokuthola nkulumo

Enye sibalo wesitayela yokukhuluma - polisindeton. Ngenye indlela, le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi polysyndeton futhi lisetshenziswa embhalweni imigomo ezifanayo noma imishwana zixhunywe etivume- efanayo okuphindayo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa imiva, ukudala misa isikhashana engahlelelwe emshweni ku uxhumano wesisekelo ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nasezingxenyeni asizayo yokukhuluma okwandisa ukubaluleka hlu ngakunye. Ngakho-ke, abalobi kanye izimbongi livame ukusebenzisa emisebenzini yakhe polysyndeton. izibonelo:

1. "Sea isiphepho, ebhongile, ngadabula futhi flickered, futhi rushila nowesabekayo" - element ngayinye eziningana imigomo eyohlobo lapha uye wagcizelela ukubaluleka.
2. "Endlini Natalia into ngayinye babuyizingalo endaweni yayo: futhi kweqembu okhiye, futhi esihlalweni ekhanyayo samovyazannoy izimpawulo futhi omkhulu vase phansi nge Amahlumela ezomile zalesi sihlahla, ngisho nencwadi evuliwe - konke kuhlale nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku endaweni efanayo "- lapha wonke umuntu oyilungu eyohlobo usebenzisa polysyndeton kuqinisa umbono Ezimisele ukunemba nokuthola ngokucacile isakhiwo tintfo letisesitfombeni kube kulandzelwa Heroine ekhaya.
3. "Umoya kwakuvunguza nangokuduma, futhi amagatsha emithi zithonye, engqongqoza ewindini, namafu amagagasi black wafihla esibhakabhakeni - konke lokhu Injengesithusamagwababa ndawonye safaka injabulo futhi baphoqwa ukuba ukhiphe ingubo kuze kube kwesilevu sakhe" - kuthiwa iziphakamiso eyohlobo, kuhambisana polysyndeton ukudala umphumela okhulisa yokwesaba nokuphelelwa ithemba.

Ngakho, ulimi inkulumo ekhululekile kusho - a ezidingekayo isici enkulumweni kwezobuciko. Ngaphandle kwawo, umbhalo etemibhalo ubukeka ezomile futhi ungakujabulisi. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi into kufanele iqondiswe umfundi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kolimi kusho esetshenziswa umkhiqizo kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho umbhali izingozi kokuba kahle bese bengahlonishwa.