Izikhiye Kaliningrad Isifunda: Incazelo

Ekhulwini le-13 endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi Kaliningrad nesifunda has uhulumeni ezakhiwe zamaJalimane Knights. Nenkani Knights Crusaders yanqoba Prussia layo kanye inethiwekhi izinqaba ephakathi ukuqhubeka ukwakha izinqaba zabo. ukuxabana Constant angomakhelwane Lithuania nasePoland zaholela eziningana izinqaba nezigodlo njengoba itshe, ngoba sasingekho nezinye izifundazwe medieval European.

Ubude Kaliningrad esifundeni sivala olunezinombolo izakhiwo mayelana 40, manje ingxenye yazo iyagcinwa futhi iguqulwe ibe Museum kanye izivakashi izindawo, ngokuvamile inikezwe izidingo zenhlangano ezahlukene (isib, ekolishi, ngisho ejele), ingxenye ibhujisiwe, futhi kukhona labo abangenzanga ngasinda nhlobo.

Balga

yayo umsuka castle Balga ku Kaliningrad esifundeni ubophekile ukuba Prussia, okuyinto kwadingeka ku 5th ekhulwini inqaba eyakhelwe usendaweni ekahle - ogwini Gulf. inqaba Ngokhuni iNkosi yasePrussia Widewuto avunyelwe umbono omuhle lonke bay. Kuyinto lesi sici kube yiwona Teutons. Ekhulwini le-13, alwa isikhathi eside ne Sebawoti kwalesi sakhiwo ezibalulekile. iminyaka engu-10 ngemva kokunqotshwa Master Omkhulu zamaJalimane Order ngaphambilini ukuba zakhiwe esizeni a ngokhuni, hhayi nje castle evutha, ukwakhiwa ezintsha eyenziwe ngetshe.

Kwakungelona nje inqaba. Isakhiwo lokuqala kwaba isakhiwo omkhulukazi we Sezindela, ezakhiwe ngezitini futhi ensimini itshe.

Nokho, ngisho ukwakhiwa emikhulu esinjalo yehlelwa isikhathi. Balga lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye ezihlukahlukene kubanikazi, futhi ngekhulu le-16, le nqaba kancane kancane saqala ukwehla. It kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga kanye neMpi Swedish, ngesikhathi lapho le nqaba yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo enkanjini. Ngemva kwalokho, ukhiye wenza indima yokudlela, ngisho indima lighthouse. Iphuzu lokugcina emlandweni walo yanikezwa King UFrederick lokuqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Waqala ukwakha Pilau castle, itshe ukuze kwakhiwe eye luhlelwe ethathwe izindonga Balga.

Umzamo omncane ukuze ngivuselele wangaphambili enkazimulweni abathanda sebelithathile engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Izivakashi e-Kaliningrad esifundeni izingidi, kufaka phakathi Balga setfulo bakhangwa Museum lesifunda ngomlando we zamaJalimane Knights, kodwa enye impi ekugcineni waphenduka enqabeni lingamanxiwa. I kuqhuma amabhomu 45th ngokoqobo kabashiyanga itshe Unturned.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Balga namanje Nokho izivakashi, hhayi kuphela ngoba amanxiwa alo, bangaki ingcebo, bazinza emazweni asembulungeni ke. Lezi zindawo ngokoqobo agcwele amabhomu nemfucumfucu kusukela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, okuyinto edonsela abathandi umcebo yokusesha. Ngo sezulu esihle libalele lapha limnandi kakhulu - emanxiweni, walahlekelwa kwezinhlansi eminyaka ubudala izihlahla zikaphayini nemibono eGulf of Riga benza le ndawo olunothile kakhulu.

Labo abafisa zibabaza izingcezwana emgodini futhi isisekelo Balga udinga ukuya esiteshini okusha Znamenka, esemgwaqweni phakathi nemizana of Mamonovo futhi Ladushki. Nokho, kusukela esiteshini enqabeni kakhulu ngendlela 5 amakhilomitha, kangcono ngakho ukuya khona ngemoto.

Castle Georgenburg

Kaliningrad esifundeni has a ingqikithi ezintathu castle kahle walondoloza. Omunye wabo - Georgenburg. It ikhona ensimini ka Chernichovsky yesimanje futhi izivakashi hhayi kuphela izinkambo yayo, kodwa stud kwegama elifanayo, ezidumile emhlabeni wonke.

Le nqaba Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-13, ngokunembile kule nkathi ezakhiwa nezivikelo kuqala. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, base kabusha enqabeni lokuqala ngokhuni, futhi kamuva kukhonkolo noma etsheni. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule Georgenburg ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi lokuvimbezela nokubhujiswa yi naseLithuania, AmaTatar, abaseSweden. Ezikhathini zanamuhla ke wazama alulame, kodwa inhlekelele 1997 ayivunyelwe beqhubeka besebenzela isikhathi eside, le nqaba kwaba ziyawohloka. Namuhla, it is owned by ROC futhi zisimama kancane kancane.

Brandenburg

Brandenburg Castle ku Kaliningrad esifundeni, kodwa kunalokho, amanxiwa alo kungenziwa wavakashela edolobhaneni Ushakovo (okuyinto phambi Patriotic Omkhulu egqoka igama elilodwa enqabeni). Brandenburg lakhiwa maphakathi nawo wangekhulu le-13, indawo ekhethekile amasu - phezu imikhumbi emfuleni port esivula amasango emazweni ezijulile Prussian. Brandenburg isibe omunye ISIZINDA ezibaluleke kakhulu inethiwekhi izinqaba zamaJalimane, ukuxhumanisa Balga futhi eKönigsberg. Lapha zigcinwa shrine enkulu Order - kwesiphambano lapho uJesu wabethelwa khona esiphambanweni.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wabhubhisa Brandenburg, kanye nezinye izinqaba eziningi Kaliningrad esifundeni. Nokho, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe lasinda iphiko ehostela lahlelwa izifiki ezazivela eSoviet Union, le nqaba yawela labhidlika futhi ngokushesha wayeseshumayeza kuze kube u-2013 on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Kuze kube manje, uye ekugcineni kwabangela sokubuyiselwa futhi kuba ngenkuthalo bazibandakanye amavolontiya.

Waldau

Izikhiye Kaliningrad esifundeni esikhathini esiningi kukhona ekubhujisweni, kodwa Waldau Castle - sezakhiwo engcono ezilondoloziwe Prussian ku Kaliningrad esifundeni. Le nqaba itholakala edolobhaneni Lower ifinyelela eduze Kaliningrad, ukufika kulo ngebhasi.

igama Castle livela Slavic "valdati" okusho "ngumnikazi", futhi owokuqala wabanikazi bayo phakathi kwekhulu le-13 izikhulu Prussian, okuyinto wanika Teutons castle ukwazisa inkonzo yakhe ukuze Order. Okuningi ngokunembile, wayiswa icebo umhlaba, lapho le nqaba lakhiwa. It is kwakuvame ukuba atawuba Knights of the Order nakubo abapristi, owayehamba kula mazwe.

Ngekhulu le-15 le nqaba lakhiwa kabutjha enqabeni, kanye nesimo sakhe rose. Waldau baba kuyo ehlobo-Master of the Order. Le nqaba idume yokuthi ukuthatha uPeter Omkhulu ngo 1697.

Ngekhulu le-18 kwakungasebenzeki okudingekayo ukuze uhulumeni Prussian, futhi yaqashiswa yayo Academy wezolimo. Lesi sikhungo wathatha izindonga enqabeni kuze 2007. Emlandweni wanamuhla, iphiko ngakhonza nanjengombonisi ehostela ngokuba Academy, okuyinto kamuva ashintshwa aba esikoleni ekhulwini-2,5. Ukuguqulwa nezidingo ezahlukene, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bavunyelwe ugcine enqabeni ekubhujisweni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe ubuso ofihlekile Order of enqabeni, kodwa ukulunguza yayo yizicukuthwane lasendulo esidlule ngokusebenzisa kabusha kanye nokubuyiselwa. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi Waldau walondoloza yasekuqaleni zewayini ephakathi, okuyinto eningawugcinanga nezinye Amalokhi efanayo Kaliningrad esifundeni.

Izithombe asivumela ukulinganisa ubuhle izinsuku ubudala futhi izakhiwo, kodwa kungcono ukubona bukhoma, ikakhulukazi ngoba ngaphezu ezindongeni zesikole Waldau khona futhi emnyuziyamu. Ngu weminyaka engu 750th enqabeni (okuyinto lugujwa ngendlela enkulu ngo-2014), umnyuziyamu uye walungisa isipho zezivakashi nabathandi bemidlalo endala - ngaphambilini ishiywe izakhiwo bahlanza futhi ngavula wokubuka, kanye kwakususiwe kahle yangenkathi ephakathi.

nemibukiso Permanent ukuvumela ukuba simazi nalokho okutholwe okutheni ensimini ka enqabeni, ne umlando Prussia, le zamaJalimane oda nokulandelela enqabeni uqobo. Futhi, Museum utshela indaba kanjani ekwakheni izwe futhi abathintekayo izimpi kaNapoleon.

Kenigsberg

Esikhathini Kaliningrad emgwaqeni Shevchenko, Isakhiwo 2 esithakazelisa amanxiwa omunye izinqaba ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, iRussia kuphela kodwa yonke iYurophu. Lokhu castle eKönigsberg owanikeza igama kanye nokuphila Kaliningrad yesimanje. Ekuqaleni, edolobhaneni igama elifanayo ngakule nqaba wakhula edolobheni elincane, futhi kamuva yaphenduka edolobheni elithile elikhulu. Futhi emanxiweni enqabeni izivakashi hhayi kuphela ngezinto zasendulo yayo futhi ezithakazelisayo Museum ziphephile, kodwa futhi aura eyimfihlakalo, ngenxa yokuthi, ngokusho abavubukuli nezazi-mlando, endaweni ethile wangcwatshwa lapha ongaqondakali Amber Room.

EKönigsberg Castle lakhiwa zamaJalimane Knights e Maphakathi nekhulu le-13, futhi kamuva weza ifa Prussia, yaphinde yakhiwa ngokuba inkosi, khona-ke ephethwe neziphathimandla German. Umlando omude enqabeni ake ngokusebenzisa eziningi nezenzakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Ngakho, ke yagcotshwa ababusi Prussian, bathatha sikaPeter Omkhulu futhi ababusi babewabheka Russian futhi Napoleon. Labetibambile enqabeni, nezinye izenzakalo zemikhosi, imikhosi, nemibukiso SMME.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili phansi ngokuphelele le nqaba futhi emanxiweni bashiywa phambi 1993. Kuphela kule nkathi, Russian Academy of Sciences ngokusekelwa ngokwengxenye zezimali Germany labetibambile ensimini ka eKönigsberg imivubukulo ukucinga Room Amber. Enye inguqulo ukunyamalala kwakhe - is eligqitshwe emanxiweni enqabeni ngiyaquleka. Imivubukulo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-2007, kodwa akazange aqede kubo, iqhwa iphrojekthi okwesikhashana. Igumbi Amber ayizange ezitholakele, kodwa wamba isikhamo Nenani elikhulu labanye amagugu zomlando. Lokhu futhi izinto zasekhaya kusukela esikhathini ehlukene, eziqala ukuba kwakhiwe le nqaba ekhulwini le-14, kanye nesimo sezulu yezakhiwo castle (abaningi manje embukisweni embukisweni evulekile Koenigsberg Museum), ngisho ezinye okutholakele ezithakazelisayo njengoba Imigudu imfihlo ngomshoshaphansi.

Namuhla Kenigsberg - kuba Museum, okuthiwa "Umlindi" okwesikhathi ukuchayeka ongaphandle esiyingqayizivele. Njalo ukuchitha lapha Fairs, okuzokwenza ukuhlela kabusha ukulwa knightly. Izivakashi Ungazama kahle izikhali ephakathi, ukuthenga izinto eziyizikhumbuzo kanye netingcweti temsebenti ukujabulela awukudla ekhethekile.

Nesselbeck

Lokhu castle ibizwa kuphela abakhuthele Kaliningrad esifundeni. Eqinisweni Nesselbeck - lokhu akukona castle kweqiniso, leli hhotela futhi yokudlela kuyinto ukwakhiwa yesimanje, Nokho, okuyinto, idale kahle impela ukubukeka inqaba kweqiniso zamaJalimane. It izici Museum ukuthi utshela umlando Order, kanye nokuba setfulo enikelwe sokuhlushwa ephakathi. Ngakho, Nesselbeck kungaba inketho esihle kakhulu uhambo izivakashi Kaliningrad - Ukuhlolwa izinqaba eyiqiniso ngokunengqondo uqhubeke skilfully abuyiselwe umoya ephakathi. Ihhotela Itholakala edolobhaneni Orlovka (Kaliningrad esifundeni). Le nqaba inikeza yokuhlala kanye izimemo yokudlela, lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala kanye spa.