Izibongo Georgian: imithetho ukwakhiwa kanye Nokwehla izibonelo

Phakathi kwabanye ukuqaphela izibongo Georgian kalula ngokwanele. Basuke yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela zesakhiwo alandisa Yiqiniso, ekupheleni abadumile. Imindeni yakha by ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: impande kanye ekupheleni (Isijobelelo). Ngokwesibonelo, owayeyazi kahle umuntu kuncike kalula ukunquma lapho endaweni zivamile noma izibongo Georgian.

umsuka

umlando wezwe nezinsalela zeminyaka eziningana. Endulo wayengenazo igama, Georgia lahlukaniswa laba 2 izifunda: Colchis (entshonalanga) kanye Iberia (empumalanga). Kugcine eside basebenzisana nomakhelwane balo - Iran Syria - futhi cishe akazange uxhumane ne Greece. Uma ekhulwini V ElaseGeorgia lasemukela ubuKristu, bese i-XIII sikhulume ngakho njengoba izwe elinamandla nge kwadluliselwa nge ezwekazini laseYurophu naseMpumalanga.

umlando wezwe is afuthwe ngesibulali umzabalazo ubukhosi, kodwa, naphezu kobunzima, abantu baye bakwazi ukwakha isiko namasiko awo.

Kukholakala ukuthi amagama Georgian samanje kumele iphethe ngokuthi "dze", futhi zivela kunjalo umzali. Kodwa indoda enegama eligcina ngo "-shvili" (e Georgian - "indodana"), okuthiwa ashiwo uhlu labo babe hhayi izimpande Kartvelian.

Uma interlocutor igama abajwayelekile izophela abantu "-ani" ukwazi ukuthi phambi kwabo - umelele umndeni esihle. By the way, Armenia efanayo igama isijobelelo, kodwa kuzwakala "-uni".

izibongo Georgian (wesilisa) ziphethe "-ya" futhi "-ia", Mingrelian izimpande. Kukhona abaningi tijobelelo ezinjalo, kodwa manje bavame kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa.

Uhlu amagama athandwayo esifundeni

Zithanda noma zingathandi, kodwa namanje eGeorgia zibhekwa izibongo ezivamile ephela ngo "-shvili" futhi "dze". Futhi lokugcina Isijobelelo ezivamile. Ngokuvamile abantu igama ephela ngo "dze", kungatholakala e Imereti, Guria futhi Adjara. Kodwa esifundeni esempumalanga cishe akekho.

Okwamanje, amagama phezu "dze" zafundiswa Bloodlines ubudala, ngokulandelana, "-shvili" - kuya yesimanje futhi abasha. Zakamuva (esinezinhlamvu futhi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuzalwa") kuthiwa esakazwa e Kakheti futhi Kartli (izifunda esisempumalanga yezwe).

Meaning of amagama athile

Iqembu olukhethekile amagama ejwayelekile yilezo kuvalwe ezilandelayo:

• -eti;
• -ati;
• -iti;
• -eli.

Ngokwesibonelo, Rustaveli, Tsereteli. Futhi kule uhlu izibongo ezivamile eGeorgia kuhlanganisa Hvarbeti, Cheenath futhi Dzimiti.

Elinye iqembu siqukethe amagama ephela ngo "-ani": Dadian, Chikovani, Ahvelidiani. Kukholakala ukuthi izimpande basonta ababusi migrelskim ezaziwayo.

nokudlanga Lower babe nezibongo ephela ngo:

• -uli;
• -uri;
• -iya;
• -ava;
• Star;
• -ya.

By endleleni, abaningi babo abadumile, inkanyezi: Okudzhava, Danelia nabanye.

It kubhekwa a kuqabukela we isijobelelo "-nti" nge Chansk noma Svan imvelaphi. Ngokwesibonelo, Glonti. Nalezi futhi faka igama, kwakuhileleke eliqukethe Isiqalo "me-" igama mkhakha.

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi nodivan Persian - "iseluleko" futhi Mdivani kusho "umbhali", Mebuke - "Bugler" futhi Menabde - "yokukhiqiza burkas". Inzalo enkulu yigama Amilakhvari. Nge imvelaphi Persian, limelela bessufiksalnoe kumiswa.

isakhiwo

izibongo Georgian zisekelwe imithetho ethile. Phakathi umbhaphathizo usana ngokuvamile kunikezelwe igama. Iningi amagama iqala naye, futhi kuye le Isijobelelo okudingekayo emva kwesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Nikoladze Tamaridze, noma Matiashvili Davitashvili. izibonelo ezinjalo eziningana impela.

Kodwa kukhona amagama ethathwe Muslim (ikakhulukazi Persian) amazwi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola izimpande Japaridze umndeni. Bamupha zona Muslim okwandile okuthiwa Jafar. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi dzapar Persian - "postman".

Kaningi, izibongo Georgian iboshelwa endaweni ethize. Ngempela, ngokuvamile kuqala abathwali esama at umsuka umndeni kwesikhulu. Ukuthi bafake Tsereteli. Leli gama livela egameni edolobhaneni inqaba igama elifanayo Tseretó elise esifundeni esisenyakatho Zemo.

Russification kwezinye izibongo Georgian

Naphezu inhlanganisela eside futhi engavamile izinhlamvu nemisindo, izibongo Georgian, ukungena yezilimi Russian (ngokukhethekile, onomastics), hhayi uhlanekezelwe. Kodwa, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, ngezinye izikhathi, nakuba kuyaqabukela, zikhona izimo lapho Russification: Muskhelishvili yaphenduka Muskheli.

Amanye amagama babe uncharacteristic ngokuba Isijobelelo Georgian: -ev, besimame ndweni'. Ngokwesibonelo, Panulidzev noma Sulakadzev.

Futhi, lapho Russification lwamagama ezithile "shvili" ngokuvamile kakhulu kukhona ukwehliswa. Ngakho, Avalishvili liphenduka Aval Baratov - Baratashvili Sumbatashvili - Sumbatov njll Ungashayela ezinye izinketho namanje abaningi ukuthi zisetshenziselwa zilawule Russian ...

izibongo Nokwehla Georgian

Declinability noma nesklonyaemost incike kundlela odinga ngayo lelo uphuzwe. Ngokwesibonelo, igama eligcina -iya - declinability, futhi -ia - akukho.

Kodwa namuhla, nohlaka kanzima maqondana lo Nokwehla lwamagama alikho. Nakuba-ke kungenziwa ihlukaniswe 3 imithetho, owawuthi ukwehla akunakwenzeka:

1. ifomu Male iyafana insikazi.
2. Isibongo eligcina unkamisa unstressed (-a -S).
3. It has tijobelelo -ia, -iya.

Kuphela lezi zimo ezintathu, igama akekho owesilisa noma owesifazane lungekho ukuncipha. Izibonelo: Garcia Heredia.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ntombazane amagama engathandeki ne -n langesikhatheso ngoKukhulamungu. Ake sithi kukhona umuntu Georgiya Gurtskaya, wathola idokhumenti, lapho kulotshiwe ukuthi: "isakhamuzi abavelele Georgiyu Gurtskomu". Ngakho, kuvela, igama lomuntu - Gurtskaya, engesiyo ngempela ejwayelekile Georgia, futhi igama ilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwako.

Ngakho, izazi zezilimi musa ukweluleka ukukholisa izibongo Georgian futhi batusa ukuba usho ukuphela. Kukhona amacala uma ugcwalisa amaphepha kwakunzima kukhona ushintsho izinhlamvu ekupheleni. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni ngokubhala Gulia Gulia, futhi leli gama akuhlangene ne Georgia abuzange.

Ukuthandwa amagama izibalo

Ngezansi ithebula lapho ziboniswa le eziyimpumelelo ezivame kakhulu izibongo Georgian. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokuningiliziwe futhi sithole kulokho izifunda zinjalo ezivamile.

Ukuphela -shvili futhi dze e izibongo (Georgian)

Okwamanje, izazi zezilimi ukuhlukanisa 13 tijobelelo main. Ezindaweni eziningi, kokuziphatha enkulu amagama etholakele dze, okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "indodana." Ngokwesibonelo, Kebadze, Gogitidze, Shevardnadze. Ngokusho izibalo 1997 enegama zokugcina ophela bekungelegolide 1.649.222 izakhamuzi Georgia.

Indawo yesibili e nokudlanga kuthatha Isijobelelo -shvili (Kululashvili, Peikrishvili, Elerdashvili), okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ingane", "umntwana" noma "ozalweni". Kusukela ngomhla ka-1997, kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-1.303.723 amagama lokhu siphetfo. nokudlanga Greater abazitholile ezifundeni Kartli futhi Kakheti.