Izibani zokukhanyisa: izinhlobo, izici, injongo

Life yomuntu yesimanje kakhulu ukukholelwa ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Kuze kube manje, omningi walo imithombo ukukhanya - amandla. Mayelana 15% isamba ugesi elakhiwe edliwe ukukhanyisa zalapho. Ukuze wehlise amandla ukusetshenziswa, ukwandisa okukhiphayo ukukhanya futhi bandise nokuphila we umthombo wokukhanya, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imithombo ukonga kakhulu yokukhanya, kancane kancane Zishiya amadala kanye nozakwabo ngokungadingekile amandla khudlwana.

izibani zokukhanyisa

Cabanga ngezigaba ezivamile. Ngesisekelo izimiso ezisebenza ngogesi ngokuya babasa zinhlobo ezilandelayo ama-globe kagesi: izibani incandescent, kuhlanganise izibani Halogen nezibani osenyameni kanye LED, okwathi ngokuhamba kweminyaka embalwa edlule ayabaluleka kuthandwa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama zihlukile ijamo, ubungako, inani amandla esephelile ukushisa ukudluliselwa-of-ukuphila ukubaluleka. Ngakho, cabanga izibani, kagesi ukukhanyisa kabanzi futhi ukucacisa emihle nemibi kohlobo ngalunye.

izinhlobo izibani

Yikuphi izibani iyona eshibhile futhi kulula ukusebenza? Lena zonke ajwayelekile esikhipha ukukhanyisa - umakadebona e eziningi zikagesi zasendlini. Intengo Okuphansi kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa aziwe amashumi eminyaka. Bona asesabi kushintsha izinga lokushisa, baba kweso uvule futhi lingabe enobungozi mercury evala. Khiqiza obuhlukahlukene amandla isibani Watts 25 150. Nokho, inani amahora ukusebenza izibani enjalo uphansi, 1000 kuphela futhi ukusetshenziswa amandla kunalelo nozakwabo eyonga amandla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa umsebenzi lens umusi isibani iba esinamafu futhi ulahlekelwe ukugqama. Ngenxa yokuthi awayona inzuzo, futhi ekugcineni uziyeke. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwazo ka kunqanyulwe futhi kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho.

izibani kugqame

Isetshenzisiwe futhi kugqame isibani. Bafana kakhulu incandescent ama, umehluko kuphela - ebusweni zesiliva. Yisebenzise ukwakha ukukhanya ohlangothini iphuzu elithile, isibonelo, iwindi noma i-billboard ebekwe. Mark kubo u-R50, R63, no-R80, lapho inombolo ubonisa ububanzi. Ziyakwazi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, enikezwe isokhethi threaded ka E14 noma E27 osayizi ejwayelekile.

izibani Fluorescent

Njengoba yaziwa, ukukhanya kudingeka engaba ngu-15% azo zonke ugesi elakhiwe. Ngiyavuma, kungcono kakhulu. Yokunciphisa lesi sibalo ukuba shift eyonga uphethiloli ukukhanya imithombo. Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, ngo-2014 amandla ama-globe kagesi kumele singeqi 25 Watts. Esikhundleni evamile esikhipha isibani kwagezi Fluorescent kwavela ukuthi kudle kancane kahlanu amandla ngenkathi ukukhanyisa ezingeni ayiguquki. Yiziphi? Lokhu isibani ingilazi simhlophe, camera ngaphakathi phosphor futhi iqukethe igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali kokuncinyane mercury umusi. ukushayisana phakathi electron futhi mercury umusi yelanga inikeza, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, ngenxa phosphor iguqulwe ibe ukukhanya, okuyinto thina zijwayele ekuboneni. Impilo nenkonzo yalaba izibani - isikhathi esingangonyaka, noma amahora angu-10,000 wokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Kodwa ukukhanyisa izibani yalolu hlobo kufanele ethile enkulu: ziqukethe mercury. Ngakho-ke, zidinga ukusetshenziswa niqaphelisise nokulahlwa izimo ezikhethekile. Abakwazi ukulahla noma nje aphonse ku udoti - ngoba, njengoba wazi, mercury umusi, ngisho izinto eziningi ezincane kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufika emoyeni, abazi chaza, futhi ukuhlala ngci, ushevu konke. Ngakho, inani mercury umusi ovela isibani eziphukile mayelana 50 mg ^{kuya ku-3,} kanye sezingeni elamukelekile lokuhlushwa umusi ka 0.01 mg / m ^3.

Enye Ububi izibani ezifana: umbala ezinye zazo kubuhlungu emehlweni, babasa kubo uvuka indlobane. Kukhona isixazululo: uma kukhethwa izibani cabanga lokushisa umbala waso. It is kulinganiswa ngo Kelvin (K). Ngakho, elithambile ngaphezulu, umthunzi efudumele ukunikeza isibani imakwe 2700K - 3000K, ukuthi lesi sibalo elilungile kakhulu iso womuntu uma usebenza endlini njengoba eduze kakhulu kwelanga zemvelo.

Ukusetshenziswa izibani Fluorescent

Phakathi omningi kagesi kukhona labo umsebenzi kabani main - ukusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo amahora amaningi. Zisetshenziswa amakamelo uhlobo oluthile: izibhedlela, nezitolo ezinkulu, emafektri, emahhovisi. Kukholakala ukuthi iningi ukukhanya eduze zemvelo, kungakho igama: ukukhanyisa fluorescent.

Izibani akhiqizwa ngesimo side ingilazi tube ne contact electrode at emaphethelweni. Aye asetshenziswe ekhaya. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo angumtfombo ukukhanya ophahleni noma ogibele odongeni njengoba i extra. elula kakhulu, isibonelo, ekhishini, phezu umsebenzi uma udinga Accent ukukhanyisa noma ukukhanyisa njengoba zokuhlobisa niches, ngaphansi emashalofini futhi izithombe, ngokuba izibani okugcinwa, noma Ukushisa izitshalo zasendlini phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. basebenzela kunethiwekhi ejwayelekile futhi akudingi amandla converters ekhethekile. izibani okunjalo abhekwa eyongayo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ngesibani esikhipha, amasampula ubudala cishe akukho ukushisa, kudle tandla emahlandla la -10 isilinganiso samandla esingaphansi, kanye nokuxhashazwa isikhathi sabo imayelana 10,000 amahora wokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Kodwa kukhona caveat: lokhu Ukusabalala ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa endlini ezingeni lokushisa 15-25 degrees. Emazingeni aphansi, bamane ngeke zisebenze. Ngaphezu emhlophe nephuzi, laba izibani engase ikhiphe eminye imibala: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, oluhlaza, blue, ultraviolet. Kwembala incike ngenhloso isicelo.

izibani Halogen

Kuze kube manje, ayisetshenziswa eyodwa uhlobo ama ukuthi kudle amandla kabili esingaphansi ababengaphambi zabo. Lezi izibani basonta amandla ikilasi kahle. Lokhu ama Halogen ukukhanya kabanzi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nge Ubukhulu bayo compact mahle ukusetshenziswa amadivayisi ukukhanyisa ezifana izibani phansi, izibani odongeni, izibani ophahleni nge bubble engavamile, ngoba zokuhlobisa ukukhanya esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukuze ukugcwalisa ingilazi enjalo isibani, ingxube amagesi obalulekile kusuka ngomhla ka uxhumano lokudlulisa noma ufake i iodine evala. Uma ixhunywe intambo inethiwekhi (tungsten Kuvunguza) uyabaselwa bese unika luminescence. Ngokungafani ezivamile ama kagesi, lapha tungsten sesibaselwe lokho akufezi ezindongeni umfuma, futhi ngokuhlanganyela igesi inika luminescence okukhanya eside, kungafika kumahora angu-4000. izibani okunjalo bungakhiphi misebe ultraviolet, okuyinto eyingozi kakhulu iso. Ngakho-ke, eliphezulu ama abe enamathela ekhethekile zokuzivikela. Bona ebucayi kakhulu voltage amathonsi ngokushesha okukhulu angehluleka ukuphi.

izibani energy-saving

Anhlobonhlobo kanye umthombo wokukhanya eyongayo namuhla labo wabo owayevame ukusebenza e izikhathi ezimbalwa isilinganiso samandla esingaphansi, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi ekunciphiseni amandla eyenziwe ukugeleza. Ezinjalo njengoba izibani energy-saving zenzelwe indawo yokuhlala futhi ehhovisi. Ziyakwazi enemisebenzi futhi ingasetshenziswa ukukhanyisa kumadivayisi ezahlukene.

Izimpawu lolu hlobo amalambu: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi izikhathi eziningana ngaphansana incandescent ama, zokugcina tandla emahlandla la -10 eside, hhayi ukushisa, akukho kulokolokoza, akukho-buzz, uqine futhi ayiqukethe izingxenye eziyingozi.

Phakathi amaphutha ungabahlukanisa: Ukushisa kancane (kufika ku 2 amaminithi), ezisebenza ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansana 15 degrees. Abakwazi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle luminaires evulekile.

Izinzuzo esemqoka LED

Kodwa omunye inzuzo kakhulu ngokuya kwagezi LED uthathwa noma LED-isibani. NgesiNgisi LED - emittingdiode ukukhanya -. «Diode ukukhanya-likhipha" Okuphuma ukukhanya kwalezi izibani 60-100 LM / W, futhi sempilo silinganiselwa 30 000-50 000 amahora. Kulesi ukukhanyisa izibani yanamuhla akuzona evuthayo futhi ngokuphelele ephephile ukuyisebenzisa. Nokho, uma omunye ama liphele, ngeke kuthinte umsebenzi wonke indlela, uzoqhubeka ukusebenza.
Color lokushisa kufanele ngempela ezihlukahlukene - kusuka ophuzi ezithambile kuphole emhlophe. Kwembala kuncike ukusetshenziswa emagcekeni kanye izintandokazi yomnikazi. Ngokwesibonelo, ihhovisi kungcono ukukhetha ezimhlophe eliqhakazile uphawu 6400K, ukukhanya yemvelo efanelekayo, akuyona njengoba nolaka, 4200K igumbi kwengane, njengoba kahle ekamelweni - Tint kancane aphuzi, 2700K.

Futhi omunye plus: abanayo ububi eyinhloko izibani Fluorescent: buzz kanye kulokolokoza, futhi amehlo nale ukukhanya sisekhaya. kusebenze esiku-220 W futhi eline-isokhethi ejwayelekile E27 futhi E14.

Ukusetshenziswa LED ekhaya

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngisho yishumi edlule zazingekho ngisho nokuba khona into ezifana LED izibani lasekhaya. Indlela ukukhetha futhi ufake nabo, ngikwazi ukutshela ngaphandle ukuthi umakhenikha auto - ngoba ziye zasetshenziswa kakhulu kuyi-dashboard semoto ukukhanya. Namuhla, ukuxhashazwa ikhaya yayo isiye ajwayeleke kakhulu kangangokuthi singazi ngisho cabanga ngokukhetha phakathi LED-izibani nezibani sakudala, ngakho kusobala ukuthi kufanele sikhetheni, hhayi esivuna yokugcina. Okwavelela: LED izibani wamanje - njalo, ngakho Ukushisa izindleko zimbalwa futhi ziyantula. Ngenxa yalokho, abazi nokushisa up futhi njengoba isibani emini, ungakwazi ukukhonza iminyaka eminingi. Ngisho naphezu izindleko zabo eziphakeme, okunenzuzo ukuba ayisebenzise. Ngu esiningi namandla ngaphansi, lezi izibani kungasiza ukwehlisa inani lemali yokukhokha ngenyanga ugesi. By the way, ngokukhetha LED ama-globe kagesi ekhaya, kufanele acabangele leli umehluko amandla. Kukhona eyodwa imfihlo. Udinga ukwazi amandla sokudliwa kokukhanyisa isibani, inhloso jikelele, futhi wehlukanisa 8. ke Ngokwesibonelo, uma ushintsha isibani ezivamile Watts 100, bese 100: 8 = 12.5. Ngakho, udinga i-LED amandla Isibani 12 Watts.

Enye ingxenye kubaluleke - zalapho ezifana ukukhanya lokushisa ezahlukene. Kule sibalo incike indlela ukukhanyisa ukhululekile uyonika LED ukukhanyisa isibani egumbini. Of shades ekhona yokukhanya emhlophe iyona luhlaza kahle kule uhla 2600-3200 K no 3700-4200 K. Le ukukhanya uthambile, ukuphela kakhulu elangeni yemvelo futhi uyabukeka emehlweni. Ukuze sibonise 6000 inika luhlaza cool kakhulu ezimhlophe, futhi ngaphansi kuka 2600 K - ezicindezelayo ophuzi. Lezi shades ziyingozi iso, umuntu uyakhathala ngokushesha, ungase uzizwe ikhanda kanye umbono kahle. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthenga izibani kuphela LED eliphezulu ekhaya. Kanjani ukukhetha, tshela consultant esitolo, kanye nokuhlinzeka zonke ezidingekayo izitifiketi izinga.

Zithanda noma zingathandi, futhi isibani LED kuyazuzisa ngezindlela eziningi.

- It ibusa izikhathi eziningana ugesi kancane.

- In operation, akusiyo evuthayo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo nge izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo, isb, iphumele ophahleni, ophahleni imisiwe. Inani elikhulu laba ama akusho overheat emoyeni egumbini.

- Lezi ama ungayishisi, futhi ekugcineni kuphela ulahlekelwe ukukhanya kwabo mayelana 30%.

- isevisi eside ekuphileni kuze kube iminyaka engu-15.

Ngakho kokuba umbono walokho izinhlobo ama kuthiwa kokwazi izici eziyinhloko yabo, emihle nemibi, ungakwazi ngokuphepha uya esitolo esiseduze. Kodwa kukhona esinye iphuzu elibalulekile, ngaphandle okuyinto ngisho esikhundleni elula isibani ngeke. Phela, ayothatha isibani idivayisi ukukhanyisa, udinga ukwazi ukuthi uhlobo nezisekelo zalo. Esebenzisa cap Isibani nasezinsikeni igobolondo nokuthi kuthatha kagesi e kwesibani.

Sithathe isokhethi lesifanele

Ukuze womshini cap usebenzisa metal noma izitsha zobumba. A ezibekwe ngaphakathi oxhumana adlulisa kagesi izakhi ukusebenza zedivayisi. ukukhanyisa ngamunye iyunithi ifakwe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu cartridges lokukhuphula izibani. Kubalulekile ukuthi aluthola cap isibani igobolondo umdlalo. Kungenjalo-ke ngeke zisebenze.

Naphezu Tinhlobo ofeleba ama ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili: threaded futhi pin.

isokhethi Threaded ubizwa nangokuthi screw. Isihloko okuhambisa ngokunembile uxhumano indlela yayo igobolondo zedivayisi ukukhanyisa. It is screwed ku ama-globe kagesi, kulolu chungechunge sisetshenziswa phezulu. Isetshenziselwa wokugubha incwadi E. Lolu hlobo isetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi izibani zasendlini. ofeleba okunjalo kuhluke ngosayizi. Ngakho, kwaba ukuqala cap, ngemva kwencwadi Latin E kubonisa nomkhiqizi liyadingeka ububanzi we uxhumano threaded. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke zisebenzisa ezimbili osayizi enethiwekhi ngokuvamile - E14 futhi E27. Kodwa kukhona amalambu elinamandla kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni. Basebenzisa esokhethini E40. Usayizi uxhumano threaded awuzange ushintshe iminyaka leminyenti. Ngisho kwamanje, ungakwazi kalula esikhundleni ezivamile ukukhanya Isibani ngomlilo i Iqhwa endala ibe ukonga ngaphezulu, diode ukukhanya-likhipha. Ubukhulu cap futhi igobolondo ahambisane ncamashi. Kodwa e-United States nase-Canada yokutholwa neminye imingcele. Njengoba voltage kuyinto 110V at kubo, ukuze ugweme ukusetshenziswa European-isitayela izibani ububanzi we cap lihlukile: E12, E17, E26 futhi E39.

Olunye uhlobo ofeleba nokusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lokhu pin. Umnikazi ke omiswe amaphini amabili metal. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli oxhumana adlulisa ugesi ukuze isibani sikagesi. Izikhonkwane zihlukile ububanzi futhi ibanga elibahlukanisile. Ukuze wokugubha ukusetshenziswa Latin incwadi G, kulandele izimpawu oludijithali igebe phakathi izikhonkwane. Lokhu izisekelo G4, le G9 futhi g13.

Manje ungakwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuphepha ukulungisa. Futhi ake ezinjenge noma ukwakhiwa izindonga ezintsha kungenziwa kuphela ochwepheshe, kodwa ukukhethwa futhi esikhundleni ama-globe kagesi ungakwazi ukuphatha ngokwakho kahle.