Izibambiso International ohlelweni nalohlangene kwezakhiwo yasebhange yesimanje

Ziningi international ezimakethe zezimali kanye nezikhungo zezimali zomhlaba manje evezwa kwezomnotho ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi global enkulu izitayela futhi izinhlobo abadlali. Lokhu ngokuvamile ukubangela izinkinga ekutholweni olunembile imisebenzi esemqoka lesikhungo, ngoba kukhona isidingo ngokuletha ngezigaba ezithile kulezi zikhungo ezisebenza ezindaweni eziningi, kuhlanganise lapho futhi usebenze izibambiso ngamazwe nezibopho ngamazwe. Ngenxa umbandela, yakha isisekelo ngezigaba, kungabonwa degree of ukuhlanganiswa nezimali ezinkulu ejensi ibe iqembu lwahlangana ibhizinisi kanye ukuzinza isakhiwo kwakhiwa.

Ngaphansi kwale ndlela, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu izakhiwo okuhlangene: ngezinga eliphansi ukuhlanganiswa kwemali ku uhlelo olulodwa; degree isilinganiso ukuhlanganiswa; kakhulu ihlanganiswe ibhizinisi iyunithi.

Kuyadingeka ukwethula izivimbelo ezengeziwe okusekelwe ngabe bazibandakanye isakhiwo idatha ku izindleko yasebhange ukusungulwa noma owakheke ngokugcwele logistic uchungechunge ephawula nabuphi commercial futhi kungafaki kusukela Uhlaziyo luqhubeka, eziningi izinhlangano bendabuko (izinhlangano, inhlangano nombimbi et al.). Inhlanganisela ngenhla kuhlanganiswe imithombo kwezomnotho ekuphishekeleni imigomo abanayo iqhaza zabo. umsebenzi Commercial akuyona injongo yabo eyinhloko.

Ngakho, ukuze nizkointegrirovannnym izakhiwo kuzomele sifake letisha ukuhlanganiswa - inethiwekhi, ezindaweni virtual, futhi ezinye izinhlobo imifelandawonye ibhizinisi obalulekile; kuhlanganiswe nawo - amasu efomini ukwaziswa okumayelana nesisebenzisana nabo (JVs), kanye namafomu zakudala capital ukuhlanganisa, okuyilezi: amaqembu zezimali nezezimboni, Holdings, ezixhaphaza kanye lezizwe ezihlukahlukene futhi amabhange; kuya izakhiwo ihlanganiswe kakhulu - amasu ahambisana nokulingana mutual iqhaza futhi ibhizinisi iyunithi, wadala ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kanye zigqila.

ngezigaba aqanjwe ivumela ukulandela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nesisekelo izinhlobo dolobha ukuhlanganiswa. Ngakho, sredneintegrirovannye futhi izakhiwo ihlanganiswe kakhulu ukumela amafomu classical izinhlangano yasebhange ukuthi ukukhuthalele isebenze kule XIX-XX kwamakhulu eminyaka lapho izibambiso ngamazwe wathola okwandile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusabalala abalulekile esigabeni samanje lwenzuzo ongaphakeme amafomu ihlanganiswe - isengezo senethiwekhi ibhizinisi isakhiwo ibhizinisi, kanye nezimo kakhulu ngezindlela okungenzeka ukuhlanganiswa izinkampani - amasu. Lokhu kwenzeka yingenxa lezo ngamazwe izibambiso kakade ithuluzi ababewazi imisebenzi yezimali emhlabeni wonke. Lawa mafomu kuyizinto eziyinhloko ibhizinisi ukuguqulwa emhlabeni, futhi okwamanje kwekulu izinhlangano yasebhange abaphathi ntandokazi ekhula phakathi yokugcina njengoba izinhlobo nezimo kakhudlwana futhi esethola lokuhlanganisa.

Okungenhla ukuhlanganiswa izinhlobo babe ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene, ezahlukene ngokuya khona kanye nemiphumela ehlukile wokusebenza. Ngakho, amanethiwekhi virtual zezimali okuhloswe ngaso ukuqaliswa eziphelele kakhulu kwemithombo. Afakwe iqembu imfundo akuyona ngokomthetho baboshwa imigomo ye ukusebenzisana, okwenza lolu hlobo isakhiwo okuhlangene nezimo, kodwa engazinzile. Nokho, imisebenzi ngamazwe ukuvikeleka kwamasheya izinhlangano ezifana imikhawulo esebenzayo. Ubumbano lwezinhlangano amasu has izinhlobo ezihlukene: kwesivumelwano ucwaningo lwesayensi ngokuhlanganyela ngaphambi nokuhlanganiswa amabhange kanye nezinkampani ibe umzimba owodwa kwezomnotho kanye eduze ubudlelwane impahla mutual. Ziningi izinhlobo ezithile umfelandawonye kwenza lolu hlobo ukuhlanganiswa ayethanda. Ubumbano lwezinhlangano inikeza ukuthi kungenzeka reversibility sezinqumo, ngoba inkampani yakhe kuhlanganisa njalo yokuzithandela futhi ezosiza. Nokho, lesi sakhiwo kunzima kakhulu ukulawula nokuphatha, njengoba sihilela inhlanganisela okuphikisayo: abalingani kwezinhloso zenzuzo. Ekubumbaneni / yokufuna ukuhlanganiswa kuyinto ting imigomo engahlobene wempilo kanye nezinhloso ezithile. Imiphumela esemqoka kulindelekile abaphathi ezinkampani tincumo nokuhlanganiswa / ukumuncwa, yilezi: ukuzuzwa ukusebenzisana, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokukhula ngokushesha dolobha.

Ngakho, lapho besanda samanje yentuthuko umnotho womhlaba indima okwandisa udlalwa amaqembu ezinkulu-zezimboni zalezi zinhlobo. Izinkampani ngobukhulu, kokuba isiphelile kungenzeka ukukhula organic, ukusetshenziswa sihlangane futhi zigqila, kanye kumiswa imifelandawonye ezahlukene izakhiwo lokuqinisa nokugcina lokuncintisana emakethe zezimali zomhlaba.