Izakhamuzi abadumile futhi ovelele Bashkortostan

Yenza uhlu "izakhamuzi ezaziwayo weRiphabhulikhi Bashkortostan". Phakathi kwabo - abameleli tetemibhalo, zomculo, lokusungula kwezobuciko. izakhamuzi ahlonishwayo Bashkortostan yabonisa ngokwayo ezindaweni eziningi ubuciko. Siphakamisa uthola ukwazi okwengeziwe ngabo. Kuphinde kuvule uhlu lwethu Mazhit Gafuri.

Mazhit Gafuri

Iminyaka yokuphila umsunguli Bashkir futhi izincwadi zesiTatar, kanye imbongi kazwelonke ka Bashkortostan - 1880 - 1934 iminyaka. Encwadini yakhe ethi ibonisa izinkinga main kwezenhlalo e Tatarstan futhi Bashkortostan ngowesithathu yokuqala yekhulu lama-20.

Mazhit Gafuri - indodana ka uthisha kusukela esigodini Zilim-Karanovo. Eminyakeni 13, engalali kokubili umama kanye nobaba, uqala ukuba bazulazule ziyofuna umsebenzi Urals. A kwamthinta ngokujulile ebusheni bakhe wenza lokusungula akyns Kazakh iculo, tinganekwane zamaqhawe abomdabu futhi Kazakh.

ngendlela yokudala

inkondlo yakhe yokuqala, enesihloko esithi "Shakidram Ishan" Mazhit Gafuri wadala ebusika 1901-1902. Iqoqo yokuqala eyanyatheliswa ngo-Orenburg ngo-1904. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba incwadi ehlukile e Kazan eshicilelwe endabeni yokuqala nombhali "Life, owawuse-ubumpofu." Gafuri izenzo kanyekanye njengoba nesazi njengoba imbongi, ngaphambi kokuphela indlela lokudala ngalesikhatsi kuchutjekwa nekwenta ukusebenza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomculo. izinkondlo eyaziwayo lo mbhali kwaloliwe eSiberia, lapho kugujwa ikhulu lonke leminyaka intuthuko, futhi kukhona isihloko backwardness ukuthuthukiswa European aseMpumalanga, ukungazi nokucindezelwa Bashkirs futhi AmaTatar eqhathaniswa Russian.

Ukuvukela 1905 umbhali iyakwamukela yonke-heartedly esizinikezele kuye ngonyaka efanayo "Ivesi Injabulo", ukushaya sikhathi "kwelanga inkululeko."

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi omlobi sika inothi inoveli "Abampofu" (1907), okuyinto ukuboniswa empilweni lo abampofu basemadolobheni ongenafu, "Izintandane" (1907), kanye izinkondlo 1908-1909 ( "abacebile", "umuntu othile ocebile futhi umsebenzi "" Ngiyaxolisa "," ompofu "), okuyinto ulahla ukungalingani isimo emphakathini. Njengoba sekuyiminyaka phakathi Bashkirs ngo-1909, wanyathelisa "Zayatulyak futhi Hyuhylu" yeqhawe. Ngo-1927 yaqedwa egcwele indaba ethandwa kakhulu "Udumazile" ( "Chernolikie") - omunye imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke, emele le nhlekelele egcwele isikhundla inceku abesifazane basemaphandleni. Kukhona lo mbhali nezindaba izingane eziningana sika: "Le nceku", "Goose Wild", "Lost Aktyrnak" nabanye.

Mustai Karim

Sidlulisa uhlu lwethu "izakhamuzi ezaziwayo of Bashkortostan." Okulandelayo umbhali, okuyinto Ngithanda ukukutshela - ke Mustai Karim, imbongi. Wazalwa ngo-1919, liye lavela umndeni wakhe kuphela umuntu wesibili, owayemazi ngokuseduze kangakanani ukufunda nokubhala. Esokuqala kwaba umfowabo omdala. Lapho kuqala impi, imbongi esizayo owayethole iziqu nje kusukela Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Literature, futhi ngokushesha waya ngaphambili. Kuyo yonke inkonzo, wabhala izinkondlo, ngisho bagcina esibhedlela ngemuva kokulimala kabi. Ngemva ngokulungisa Mustai Karim kwaba umlobeli othile Emaphephandabeni ahlukahlukene front-line, usuku lokugcina ukuhlala phambili. izinkondlo wamasosha waletha udumo yangempela.

Izimpawu lokusungula

Mustai Karim amakghonwabo usinika Bashkiria - ebhala okuningi ezweni lakubo. Ngo izinkondlo wakhe uqabula futhi bukhoma izimfunda emibalabala futhi umhlabathi olimekayo, emachibini, emifuleni kanye izintaba.

Imbongi kuphakamisa imibuzo engathí sina. Njengoba umuntu engase aphile? Impendulo ingatholakala enkondlweni Mustai Karim "iqala Ngakho ukuphila."

Ngo-1957, wabhala ahlekisayo "ukuthunjwa intombazane", egcwele abantu amahlaya. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo esibuhlungu eduze umsebenzi wakhe. Peru basonta ungumbhali waleli "Izwe Aigul" (1967) - idrama romantic, usizi, "Salavat" (1971) kanye nezinye ngokuzinikela main theme - Ukufuna incazelo yomuntu yokuphila uqobo.

"Injabulo indlu yethu" linendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezinye izincwadi enikelwe incazelo ebuntwaneni lempi. Nanguya elikhanyayo kakhulu, iyalandisa sobungane izingane ezimbili futhi nezizwe zala zwe elikhulukazi.

I lokusungula imbongi, ngakho egcwele uthando lokhokho nezizwe esifundeni, yisifiso sokwenza abantu abangcono.

Gaziz Salikhovich Al'mukhametov

Uhlu "izakhamuzi abavelele balo Bashkortostan" Yiqiniso, kuhlanganisa Gaziza Salikhovich Almuhametova. yalo muntu (1895-1937) kwaba feat efanayo. Sethula kini umsebenzi lo mbhali kufakwe ohlwini "izakhamuzi abavelele babengasiqondi Bashkortostan." Izithombe bheka isithombe esingenhla.

Gaziz Almukhametov wazalelwa emkhayeni ompofu of izisebenzi. Ngolunye usuku, kanye nomfowabo omdala, waya emsebenzini, esehambile e Tashkent. Ngo olunye ezweni umfana ikhumbule ngempela ezweni lakubo, futhi adlulisele lezi zifiso e izingoma zakho ozithandayo ukuthi wayazi okuningi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ukucula Gaziza uyakujabulela ka AmaTatar futhi Bashkirs, owaqala wayimemela ekhonsathini e Tashkent amapaki.

Ukuthandwa kwezindlela

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva udumo lwakhe obunqoba ngisho Central Asia, ukufinyelela Bashkortostan, Tatarstan naseSiberia. Kwabe uhambo eSiberia, iVolga esifundeni, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. Le nsizwa, owayebizwa kakade emananini uhlu "abantu esivelele Bashkortostan", onganelisekile kuphela umsebenzi ekhonsathini, usikhumbula kahle nesithakazelo kule isiTatar Bashkir Folk songs, legends yabo kanye nomlando. Yena iqoqa kubo futhi ezitolo, kancane kancane abe folklorist.

Ngemva kwalokho eluthanda umbono yokudala based Bashkir nesiTatar Folk imiculo ye-opera, wenza-ke (opera "Saniya"). Kudlalwé owaqhutshelwa e Kazan ngo-1925. Kwalandela enye, "Eshse".

Ngemva kwalokho Gaziz Salihovic ukucinga amathalenta-opera studio, ngokuba lo mqeqeshi abaculi abaningi, singers and bomculo, kamuva futhi kuloluhla "ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo Bashkortostan."

Ngo-1933 wakhipha umqulu ncwadi ngenkinga imfundo zomculo.

Ahmad Lutfullin

Iqiniso, ngobuqotho, ubuciko esigqamile saleli umculi, owazalwa ngo-1928, iwina njengezwe. Lokhu akwenziwa kuphela Bashkir imvelaphi, kodwa langenduduzo okunamathiselwe kubantu futhi izwe labantu.

Lo mbukiso yakhe ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yamandulo owawuse ngo-1957, ehlobo, epaki edolobheni ku Ufa. Ngisho ke abanye, kwaba sobala ukuthi le ndoda ezithanda ngayo yonke ezazidingeka ukuze ungeze uhlu esikhathini esizayo "abantu esivelele Republic of Bashkortostan". Futhi cindezela, futhi izilaleli wathatha lokhu ukushisa embukisweni. Ngisho emisebenzini yakhe bokuqala kungabonwa isifiso ukudala best ukudluliswa izici abantu Bashkiria (yingcebo ukuthula kwangaphakathi, ubuhle bangaphandle, isizotha kazwelonke) portrait izithombe.

Imisebenzi engcono

Ngo-1968, lesi umbhali kufakwe ohlwini "zabantu abadumile Bashkortostan", wabhala omunye imisebenzi yakhe engcono - "Golden Autumn", portrait, reflection, esibonisa osekhulile oshadile.

impumelelo Omkhulu wayengumbusi isithombe Lutfullina "Three Abesifazane" (1969), okuyinto kubonisa ubuhle zokuziphatha futhi ukuhlanzeka uhlamvu kazwelonke. Sakhiwo: Kube sekulimala abesifazane abathathu e Bashkir eqhugwaneni isiphuzo itiye lapho sebegqoke izingubo kazwelonke.

Umculi uveza namathafa, ikakhulukazi, "Kule minyaka endlini nabadala kule ndawo", eyakhelwe ukuqhathanisa.

Rauf Ahmetovich Murtazin

Thina ukuqedela uhlu "izakhamuzi abavelele babengasiqondi Bashkortostan" ngaphezulu igama odnm. I lokusungula lomuntu (ukuphila iminyaka - 1910-1994) kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekuphileni kwama-Bashkortostan, ikakhulukazi, umculo. Yena izingoma, amaculo kanye umculo wezinsimbi, ngaphandle okuyinto kunzima ukucabanga Bashkir umculo. Lonke uhlelo imisebenzi benamandla e Rauf Akhmetovich amandla nethemba.

I lokusungula nombhali - umsebenzi onzima, unomphela futhi olubanzi.

Wazalwa ngo-1910, futhi eminyakeni 9 kamuva abazali wathatha umkhuhlane; Rauf eziyizintandane, bathatha ngodlí i imfundo umfowabo kayise. Kulesi umndeni, thina samthanda lokusungula zomculo, futhi intshiseko womfana bakhuthazwe. Wabhalisa ekolishi umculo ngo-1926. Ngemva kokuphela konyaka wesithathu, waya ahole band nethusi Baymaksky District. Lapha akudalile umculo yezidlali ezifana "Galiyabanu", "Sakmar", "Karagul".

Ngemva kwalokho, e Moscow, njengoba umfundi somculo, wabhala eziningi izingoma wezinsimbi futhi vocal, phakathi kwawo - ". Esikhathini emfudlaneni" ivayolini futhi Suites cello, ukucutshungulwa Folk imiculo, ballads lyrical "Uthando", "Tosca", Ngemva kwempi, waba nengxenye ekumeleleni inhlokodolobha isiRashiya, is kabi. Ngemva kokuphothula imfundo yakhe kuphazamisekile kwaqhubeka. Idale opera "Azat".

Ngo-1950, Rauf Akhmetovich wabhala umculo befilimu "Bashkiria namaSoviet". Ngo-1952, wadala suite "ku Sabantui".

Sekukonke, zalotshelwa imisebenzi engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, 170 zothando nezingoma.

Scale nabavuthiwe uzothola symphony wokuqala yilo umbhali, e B minor. Kuyo, wahlela ukukhuluma ngemizwa yabo nemicabango ezihlobene umlando ezweni lakubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqambi Murtazin yabhalwa nezinye umculo wezinsimbi eziyisikhombisa, munye sihloko. Kuzo, uyahlabelela of ubuhle bemvelo, ukhuluma komlando wesizwe, kunikeza imidwebo zokuphila kwakhe.

I umculo wezinsimbi futhi choral, umculo wezinsimbi wembula amandla nobuhle Bashkir abantu, ngakho kukhona isifiso simazi futhi simthande.

Lawa izakhamuzi ezaziwayo weRiphabhulikhi Bashkortostan. Siye ohlwini kuphela abaculi main ukuba ujwayelane amakghonwabo. Kodwa lolu hlu ingaqhutshezwa njengoba akusiyo bonke abantu odumile Bashkortostan. Unqenqema lokhu, njengoba ungabona, ecebile kakhulu ithalente. Amagama izakhamuzi abavelele balo Bashkortostan ekulalelweni hhayi kuphela kuleli zwe kodwa futhi phesheya.