Iyunithi yesistimu: ukwakheka kanye nezici eziyinhloko

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukucabanga ngezihloko zekhompyutheni, abantu bavame ukubiza ikhompiyutha yunithi yesistimu, okubangela imibuzo eminingi mayelana nokubunjwa nezici eziyisisekelo zazo zonke amadivayisi akhona. Abasebenzisi abaningi abaqapheli ukusebenza nokuhlelwa kwedivayisi yekhompyutha, ngakho-ke umfundi ukhuthazwa ukuba agcwalise izikhala kolwazi. Isihloko esilandelayo: "Ukuvimba kwesistimu: ukubunjwa kanye nezici eziyinhloko" kuzovumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abe njalo nge-savvy ezindabeni zekhompyutha.

Ibhokisi lezinsimbi elinama

Ukuphelele kwazo zonke izingxenye zekhompiyutha eziphethe ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu kuthiwa uhlelo. Ngakho-ke, inyunyana yazo zonke izakhi kwelinye ipulatifomu, esebenza njengesiyunithi esisodwa esizimele, ibizwa ngokuthi iyunithi yesistimu. Uma sikhuluma ngolimi olutholakalayo, ngakho konke okusezintweni zensimbi noma eplastiki, kufaka phakathi uhlaka ngokwalo, kuthiwa uhlelo. Ukwakhiwa kweyunithi yesistimu yekhompyutha yomuntu siqu kuyaziwa cishe noma yimuphi umsebenzisi: iprosesa, ibhodi lomama, imemori, ikhadi levidiyo, ukunikezwa kwamandla nezinye izingxenye.

Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-enclosure akuyona nje ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izakhi zekhompuyutha, kodwa futhi nokuhlinzekwa kokusebenzisana kwamahhala - okungukuthi ukufinyelela ngokomzimba kwazo zonke izingxenye komunye nomunye. Emakethe, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamacala ngesimo sefomu, esinquma ubukhulu bedivayisi (ukuphakama, ububanzi nokujula). Izibonelo zefomu yefomu: ETX, ATX, i-midle-ATX, i-mini-ATX, i-micro-ATX, i- Barabone, i-Notebook, iSeva nabanye.

Inhliziyo yesistimu

Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke kubasebenzisi abaningi sicabangela iphrosesa, okudingekayo kufakwe phakathi kweyunithi yesistimu ye-PC. Lo mbono uyiphutha. Umsebenzi weprojector oyinhloko ukucubungula idatha, okungukuthi, izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo: ukuhlanganisa, ukwahlukanisa, ukususa, ukubuyabuyelela. Indima yenhliziyo kwikhompyutha yomuntu siqu idlala yiyunithi yokunikezwa kwamandla engagcini nje kuphela ugesi kuzo zonke izakhi zesikhulumi, kodwa futhi iqinisekisa izinga lokunikezwa kwayo (i-voltage neyamanje).

Uma uthenga i-computer, umsebenzisi unesibopho sokubala ngokunembile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla yizo zonke izingxenye ze-unit unit futhi ukhethe i-PSU edingekayo ezobhekana nomsebenzi. Ukungayinaki lesi sincomo nokuthenga amandla angaphansi kwamandla anganikeza ikhompiyutha engenalutho. Ngokwemvelo, izindleko ze-PSU eyodwa ayinakukwazi ukulahleka lapho zonke izingxenye zekhompyutha zihluleka.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokufaka-lokukhipha

Akunakwenzeka ukuhlanganisa ikhompyutha ngaphandle kwebhodi le-motherboard, eliyingxenye ye-unit unit. Le divayisi yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa zonke izakhi zesikhulumi, nokulawula impilo yezingxenye ezifakiwe. I-motherboard ine-software eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ebizwa nge-BIOS. Nguye ohlinzeka ngemvelo yokusebenza ngolwazi mayelana nezici ezakha i-unit unit. Ukubunjwa, inombolo ye-serial yedivayisi, igama kanye neminye imininingwane eminingi ingatholakala kule software.

Ku -boardboard, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilawuli kanye nezixhumanisi, zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa eziqapha ukusebenza kwe-system zihlanganisiwe. Uma kunoma yiziphi izinkinga, idivayisi ikwazi ukwazisa umsebenzisi wezibonakaliso zomsindo, noma kunjalo, lokhu kuxazululwa ezingeni lemisindo ekhethekile engakwazi ukuchithwa kuphela ochwepheshe be-IT (sikhuluma ngamakhodi we-POST). Njengesiyaluyalu, i-motherboard inefomu yefomu futhi inqunywa ubukhulu obufanayo kanye nokumaka.

Izici ze-Motherboard

Emakethe yekhompiyutha, kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwezingxenye ngezindleko nesicelo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzisi okhetha ikhompiyutha engabizi uzothola idivayisi ehloniphekile ekilasini lesabelomali, futhi abalandeli bamageyimu adingekayo ekudingeni imithombo badinga ukukhetha izingxenye zokungcebeleka ze-PC ngendlela ebiza kakhulu. Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezigaba ezikhona kuzo zonke izixhobo zekhompiyutha, okuyingxenye yeyunithi yesistimu yekhompyutha, ukusebenza nokuhambisana.

Futhi, amabhodi wamabhokisi angaba eyisisekelo futhi ahlanganiswe. Esikhathini esilandelayo, abalawuli abakhethekile bafakwe ngaphansi kwebhodi le-motherboard, elikwazi ukulandelela amadivaysi omsakazo (ikhadi elizwakalayo, i- adapter yevidiyo, i-Wi-Fi-module, njll). Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zeyunithi yesistimu yonke, kodwa abathengi abamukelekile, ngoba izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe zisebenzisa amandla okukhiqiza weprosesa, ziyinciphisa.

Ubuchopho bekhompyutha

Uma sicabangela amadivaysi ayisisekelo afakiwe kwi-unit unit, umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukujwayela amamojula we-RAM. Le ngxenye kukhompyutha ngumsizi womseshi weprosesa. Ukusebenza ngokuvumelanisa, kokubili amadivaysi ohlelweni enza izibalo futhi alawule ngokuphelele idatha, kuhlanganise uhlelo lokusebenza nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Ukukhumbula okuningi, ngokushesha ikhompyutha izoba.

Amamodeli enkumbulo ngokwawo ahluke ekukhiqizeni ubuchwepheshe (DDR4, DDR3, DDR2), kanye nesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwedatha (kulinganiswa emafrijini: 1333 MHz, 2133 MHz njalonjalo). Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso, isivinini ngokushesha, kodwa kukhona ukulinganiselwa okunye. Ukuze usebenze ngokuphezulu, kunconywa ukuthi inkumbulo nomsebenzi weprosesa basebenze ngemvamisa efanayo (i-synchronously).

Indawo yokugcina imininingwane ephelele

Idatha emva kokucubungula kufanele igcinwe endaweni ethile, ngakho-ke idiski enzima iphoqelelwe kwiyunithi yesistimu yekhompyutha. Amashayeli asemaginini futhi aqinile futhi ahluke kunani lemininingwane ayifaka kanye nesivinini somsebenzi. Kwenzeke ukuthi ama-disks asezindaweni eziqinile anejubane elikhulu, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bawo bokukhiqiza buyabiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ivolumu yalezi zikhukhula zishiya kakhulu. Ukushayela kwamagnetic kungabizi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, noma kunjalo, banokulinganiselwa okujulile ngejubane lomsebenzi. Yile mingcele eyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka emsebenzini weyunithi yonke yesistimu.

Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokushayela. Idrayivu ye-SSD esheshayo isetshenziselwa uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi okuncane kuyasetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina idatha. Lesi sinqumo sihlolwe kahle ngabasebenzisi abaningi.

Impendulo evela kumnikazi wekhompyutha

Ukuthola ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi afakwe kuhlelo lwesistimu, ungakhohlwa ngesixhumanisi esivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi alawule ikhompyutha, futhi abone imiphumela yezenzo zabo. Kuthi mayelana nekhadi levidiyo elifakwe ebhodini futhi likuvumela ukuba udlulise ividiyo ngesikhathi sangempela ekuboniseni ulwazi (umqapha, i-TV). Amakhadi wevidiyo ahlulekile futhi ahlanganisiwe futhi ahlukene ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni.

Ngokuvamile, i-adapter edidiyelwe inqunyelwe kwamakhono futhi isetshenziselwa ikhompyutha kuphela ukubonisa isithombe esibukweni. Kodwa idivaysi ephathekayo inesithakazelo esikhulu kumsebenzisi. Ukuba neprojekti yayo yehluzo ne-RAM, idivayisi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izibalo zayo, ezidingekayo kuwo wonke amageyimu.

Inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke

Iyunithi yesistimu imane ihlanganisa i-adapter yenethiwekhi, engabuye ihlanganiswe ku-motherboard noma ibe idivaysi emele efakwe kwikhompyutha ku-slot ekhethekile. Umkhuba wemakethe wukuthi isixazululo esihlanganisiwe sithengisa i-penny, abanikazi abaningi kangaka sebeye bajwayele umqondo wokuthi ku-motherboard isilawuli senethiwekhi kufanele kube njalo.

Abalawuli ngokwabo bahluke ngesivinini sokudluliswa kwedatha nokusebenza. Kunezilinganiso ezintathu zejubane: 10, 100 no-1024 megabits ngomzuzwana. Futhi ukusebenza kusebenzisana kuphela ngezici ezengeziwe: ukulayishwa kwenethiwekhi, ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokulayisha inethiwekhi nokuphathwa okukude kwe-adaptha.

I-Soundtrack

Ukuxoxa ngalokho okufakiwe ku-unit unit, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhohlwa ngekhadi lezwi, okuyinto idivayisi yomzila, kunokuba isici sebhodi lebhodi. I-adaptha ephethe umsindo, njenge-adapter yevidiyo ephikisiwe, ifakwe iprosesa yayo, imemori kanye nabalawuli bokucubungula umsindo. Ikhadi elizwakalayo elifana nendawo lifana ne-amplifier encane esuka kumidlalo yaseshashalazini ephethe i-receiver kanye ne-digital converter ebhodini.

Ukukhetha emakethe isakhiwo sesistimu, okwakhiwa kuyo kuhlanganisa i-adapter yomsindo obala, udinga ukuba ulungele izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zekhompyutha yakho yonke. Kufanele uhlale ukhokhela ikhwalithi. Abakhiqizi abaningi baye bahlanganisa i-adapter yomsindo ku-motherboard. Lesi sinqumo sasihanjiswe ngabasebenzisi abaningi ngokuzethemba, njengoba umehluko ozwakalayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nedivayisi ebiza kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthola indlebe yomculo ayibonakali.

Amakhadi wokunweba nokusebenza kwawo

Ukukwahlulela inhloso yekhompiyutha kungaba yindawo yayo yangaphakathi, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukususa ikhava yezindlu bese unquma ukuthi yimaphi amadivaysi ayingxenye yeyunithi yesistimu. Isibonelo, kuseva yedatha, ungathola amashayeli amaningi anzima nomlawuli we-RAID. Le divayisi ikwazi ukuhlela amashayeli axhunyiwe futhi idale isitoreji sokulondoloza ngesisekelo sabo.

Ekhompyutheni yomhleli, ungathola ikhadi lokubanjwa kwevidiyo noma i-tuner ye-TV efanele. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuba uguqule isignali etholakele kudatha bese uyisindisa kuma disk aqinile. Abalandeli begeyimu bangabona amakhadi wekrifa ehlukene, futhi umlawuli wesistimu ukhetha ukufaka i-optical drive namakhadi amaningi enethiwekhi kuhlelo lokusebenza.

Ekuphethweni

Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kukhompyutheni - ngumklami ovamile, oqukethe izingxenye eziyisisekelo (izakhi ezidingekayo) namapheripherali. Udinga nje ukwazi ukuthi umphumela wokugcina (ukuphela) kufanele ube khona futhi ngeke kube nzima kunoma ubani ukuqoqa iyunithi yesistimu eyedwa. Nokho, ukwakheka, kuzodingeka kuqinisekiswe, ukuthembela ematheni wezimali, ngoba imakethe yekhompiyutha idinga ukutshala izimali ezinkulu kubathengi.