ISIZINDA ophahla. Design, izinto zokwakha uphahla

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokwakha leze, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlelo ukuthi izosebenza ochwepheshe noma abanikazi ekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile ukwakha iphrojekthi ukuthi ingenye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi ilungiselelo uphahla endlini yangasese.

umklamo Izici

Uma ezakho labo bantu abazi zonke izingxenye ukufulela, futhi angazi kanjani ukuba sihlele noma ophahleni umdvwebo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ekhethekile program e-computer AutoCAD uhlobo, kuyoba okwanele ukuze ufake idatha ku ubukhulu, ukhethe uhlobo oluthile kophahla - futhi lolu hlelo ukhethe uhlelo ejwayelekile. Lokhu kuzodala umdwebo eliphezulu, kubalwa amayunithi ophahleni. Kodwa uma uthanda umdwebo imidwebo bebodwa, kubalulekile ukuba sivumelanise isitayela indlu futhi ophahleni, ukunquma umbala ophahleni.

Izici nemizana

Kubalulekile ukuba sifeze izibalo acabangele umthwalo olulindelekile ophahleni. Uhlelo umdwebo kuzobandakanya ezinkulu ukufulela yesifunda. Lokhu kumele kufake izinto, amathuluzi kanye iziqobosho. Design inikeza ekubaleni esiyisibopho endaweni ophahleni. It liyadingeka ukuze anqume inani efanele impahla, zihlale zifudumele, kanye iziqobosho. Uma ukwakha uphahla elachitheka, ke ukubala kwendawo kuyoba elula kakhulu ukuwenza asebenze. umumo wayo isikwele, futhi sokunquma endaweni ukuba siphindwe obuphelele ububanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 0.5 m ohlangothini ngalunye kumele kwengezwe kwi umpheme wophahla ophahleni.

Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ukuklama

Uma uphahla gable, endaweni kufanele ibalwe efanayo, unikezwa ubude imishayo futhi uphahla uphahla kulo uphahla futhi gables. ISIZINDA ophahleni ukukhweza isimiso esinjalo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho, kodwa ukubala endaweni akunzima. Umklamo uzodinga ihlukaniswe Umumo ehlukile futhi asebenzise ulwazi esikoleni geometry, okuzokwenza ukubala endaweni ngayinye. Ekugcineni, izinombolo tente. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuklama uhlelo kubalulekile acabangele umthwalo iqhwa ebusika, ngoba ukuntuleka emthambekeni ophahleni kungabangela imithwalo eyengeziwe. Uma iqhwa akabashiyi ebusweni ophahleni, kuyoba ukwandisa umthwalo mechanical ohlelweni umshayo.

Kukhethwa impahla

ophahleni ISIZINDA kuzodlula futhi ngokusebenzisa impahla esehlanganise, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabanga, nabanye babo uzobe kulula ukusebenza. Njengoba yaziwa, ukwakhiwa yendlu element eqolo wenza kahle ophahleni. Kukhethwa ukufulela impahla kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, njengoba ukuze azame ukusindisa ku kungaholela ukwanda izindleko ngesikhathi ukusebenza. Uphahla kufanele bavikele sonke isakhiwo futhi baphile isikhathi eside service yayo. ukufulela zithandwa - abanalo, njengoba izakhi abamelwe okuyizinto kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba asbestos usimende. Lokhu kwaziswa ilungele iminyaka engaba ngu-40, kodwa phakathi kwezinye izici zakhe ezinhle yilezi:

• eziphansi;
• ukumelana okushisa aphansi;
• ukumelana ukucindezeleka mechanical;
• inqubo elula ukufakwa;
• kungekho okweqile ishidi lishisa.

ophahleni ISIZINDA kuyoba lula ukuhlela lapho ekhetha slate, ngaphezu, ophahleni kuyodingeka kakhulu izakhiwo nangokuvikela, kuyoba ukuncela umsindo futhi sizobonisa izici umlilo ukumelana. Kodwa kukhona babe slate nemibi, basuke uzwakalise wokwehla amanzi izimfanelo zokuzivikela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa moss futhi ulele, kanye fragility we onqenqemeni ishidi. Uma ufuna ukwakha uphahla okuthembekile engabizi, azikhohlwe ngokuphelele izono zethu kuyoba ikhambi ephelele. Esincintisana main zendaba engenhla-echazwe kuyinto ophahleni steel. Lokhu kwaziswa kuyinto engabizi futhi ingasetshenziswa esehlanganise uphahla ne ukucupha eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngo ukwakhiwa yesimanje ukumboza uphahla kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-0.5 mm steel lashukumisa okuyinto camera inqubo yokukhiqiza ukugqwala ukumelana zinc ungqimba. izimfanelo ezinhle kukhona kalula ukufakwa, izindleko ongaphakeme, nekhono ukumboza imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi isisindo ongaphakeme. Nokho, zikhona yokuntula, basuke obonakaliswe i anda umsindo ezingeni nendlela ababukeka alithandeki.

izindlela

Ukukhetha ukufulela, ungakwazi unake aluminium, esetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni metallocherepichnoy kanye nokuma kwaso, maqondana lekuhlanganeni ukufulela. Ukukhiqiza aluminium Tile ezisetshenziselwa imiqulu ukuthi babe Ukusabalala kunesidingo. Ukuhlanganisa indaba has a isisindo ongaphakeme futhi ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi uhlelo sheathing. Uma wenza isicelo sokusebenzisa indlela ukusonga futhi klyaymery, ke ukufakwa ophahleni ayikwazi sokuprakthiza iyiphi emigodini impahla.

uphahla lukathayela ukusebenza isikhathi kungaba iminyaka ezingu-150, okuyinto isici main esibangela umthengi ukuze bathole imininingwane esehlanganise izinto. Ophahleni metal sisanda futhi ethandwa. Ngo womshini ishidi isetshenziswa enamathela ebusweni enikezela ukuqina kanye namandla. Ingxenye engenhla ungqimba ivikela impahla kusuka ukugqwala futhi emakethe ukwakhiwa, ungathola amathayili zensimbi anhlobonhlobo, okumelelwe e imikhiqizo anemibala ehlukene kanye ezakhiwe ngayo.

Zophahla amashidi kuyinto lukathayela metal amashidi obuhlanganisa ezakhayo izici metallocherepichnoy uphahla nesigubungelo steel. I amashidi ungase ube enamathela polymeric, futhi ube eziphansi. Uma ukhetha lolu hlobo ukufulela, uzohlangana nezinkinga ezifanayo ezibhekene abanikazi izindlu nge lashukumisa steel ophahleni nensimbi. Nokho, ezihlukahlukene into etholakala futhi kochwepheshe metallocherepichnoy ophahleni lashukumisa. Kuye zinhlobo ikhava yokusebenza isikhathi zingahluka kusuka engu-10 kuya ku-50.

Ukufaka ophahleni uhlelo

ISIZINDA ophahleni umshayo kufanele kube iqine njengendwangu incike nokwethenjelwa wophahla esizayo. Qinisa naslonnye semishayweni ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane, izinzipho, amapuleti Gvozdeva. Uma usebenzisa izikhonkwane phezulu kube semishayweni xhumelela komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye futhi agcinwe ndawonye bayoba ngezithukuthuku pads plywood waterproof noma insimbi. Ingxenye engenhla Trusses kungenziwa zixhunywe izindlela izinzipho, kungcono ukusebenzisa kubakaki ekhethekile. Lobu buchwepheshe awubizi, onokwethenjelwa futhi kahle elula. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa Gvozdeva amapuleti zazo ezenziwe ngensimbi lashukumisa namazinyo kokuzihlanganisa. Ukuphakama kungxenye yokugcina kufanele alingane 8 mm kanye nenani lemigqa izinzipho kuzoncika usayizi izingxenye ingxenye.

Ukufakwa bekhetheni komzila

Cornice ophahleni inhlangano idinga ukuvikela lath lokhuni emicabangweni engakhi zangaphandle ithonya kwezulu. Ukufakwa bekhetheni emapheshana ukukhiqiza impela nje, ngenxa yalokhu ebethelwa likhreyithi ngezipikili ngendlela uvalo, ibanga elibahlukanisile kufanele kube ngu-30 cm. I slats ukuphela, lapho zibizwa nangokuthi umoya, uzovikela ophahleni ekuweni ngaphansi kwezulu metal. Basuke efakwe phezu ejikeni phezu onqenqemeni, futhi ibanga elibahlukanisile kufanele kube ngu-35 cm.

Junction nge odongeni

Abutting ophahleni odongeni inikeza ikhono ophahleni ukubhekana umsebenzi oyinhloko futhi enokwethenjelwa ukuvikela ikhaya emoyeni kanye kwezulu. Ngasemdeni ukufulela lensimbi ilula ngempela ukuhlela, ke ingenye izinto ezifanele kakhulu ukufakwa anjalo. Lapho nilungisa abutting ophahleni odongeni, emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka mpo kufanele kube igebe, okuyinto ebalulekile yemvelo air kwegazi ophahleni ingaphakathi. I-apharathasi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa abutting izakhi uthayela. Ukubeka iphinifa ayikwazi okuvela ngaphandle shtrobleniya ingxenye isakhiwo odongeni. Ezingeni ukuphakama 20 cm kumele kwenziwe wokuxovela kabani ukujula 3 cm. Izici kusetshenzwe ilungu sealant, futhi engxenyeni engenhla efakwe Stroebe.

Ingxenye engezansi umkhiqizo kufanele agxishiwe ngokumelene iziqobosho ophahleni ebusweni, okuyinto ifakwe gasket injoloba. Uma usebenzisa uhlaka ombaxambili iphinifa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ngezinga eliphakeme ka uphawu. Ngakho kusukela shtrobleniya odongeni ukwakha kungenziwa akusebenzi. I engenhla ilungu agqoke iqinile e ngesisekelo ne dowels, ngemva isisekelo kumele imiswe engxenyeni engezansi elinendawo Ilokhi enikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile.

ipayipi ukubekwa uphawu

Uphawu ophahleni ipayipi ngeke ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanele kwe heater. Lapho kokuqeda ngefasitele kungenzeka ukusebenzisa collar lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi unxande metal amashidi. Ububanzi yabo akufanele azisizi 40 cm. Ukuqedela ngefasitele ophahleni ezimise okwama-tile singasetshenziswa Connect embhedeni-emhlanjini. Uphawu ipayipi kophahla olwehlelayo isakhiwo, okuyinto emthambekeni 30 ° noma ngaphezulu, kuhilela ukufakwa ugodo ekhethekile okuzokwenza ukuvikela ingxenye ezingemuva tube kusukela amanzi emvula.